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E-grāmata: Frugal Innovation: Models, Means, Methods

, (University of Oxford), (University of Oxford), (Imperial College London)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Nov-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108102933
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Nov-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781108102933
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"To date, books on low-cost or 'frugal innovation' have been practitioner-oriented and largely based on anecdotal evidence. This ground-breaking book provides a scholarly understanding of frugal innovation, drawing on empirical research. The resulting theoretical framework provides a basis from which readers can parse the voluminous literature on this increasingly popular and ubiquitous but under-theorized set of ideas and practices, and paves the way for further academic research in the fields of socialinnovation, social entrepreneurship and development studies. The book's models and metrics enable practitioners and policymakers to identify and evaluate frugal innovations. Furthermore, given increasing competition from low-cost global competitors, its findings demonstrate to business leaders how they can use frugal innovation to become globally competitive, with the end goal of improving lives for everyone, everywhere"--

"Over the last few years, frugal innovation has been widely cited in popular literature and has gained the attention of innovation scholars, practitioners and policymakers. However, many claims have been based on conjecture or anecdotal evidence at best,relying on a handful of cases, which have been described and discussed many times over. This book aims to be one of the most extensive and in-depth empirical studies of this loosely understood phenomenon"--

Recenzijas

'Targeted at scholars and providing a solid foundation for future research, Frugal Innovation also offers keen insights on how social entrepreneurs conceive innovation in multiple dimensions. Practitioners will find experience-based frameworks that help them synthesize and communicate the integrative nature of innovations that benefit the underserved. Like social entrepreneurship, frugal innovation is a term with many meanings. Integrative, synthetic, and clear, the authors examine multiple dimensions of innovation and distil frugal innovation as a hybrid approach tuned to environments with extreme resource constraints and resource voids. Both researchers and practitioners will benefit from learning how social entrepreneurs themselves perceive innovation.' Thane Kreiner, Executive Director and Howard and Alida Charney University Professor, Santa Clara University, California 'Frugal innovation is a topic of considerable interest to companies, policy makers and researchers. It offers both innovation to connect the poorest and most disadvantaged citizens to the benefits of new products and services and opportunities for firms to identify new and potentially lucrative markets. This important book offers important new conceptual and practical insights into frugal innovation and should be seen as essential reading for anyone engaging with this topic.' Alex Nicholls, University of Oxford and Editor of The Journal of Social Entrepreneurship 'Frugal Innovation: New Models of Innovation and Theoretical Development will be a must have for academics, entrepreneurs, corporates and investors. It will advance how to get to inclusive solutions not merely based on cost-effectiveness and financial returns but combining them with purpose and impact. This book shows that frugal innovation is not just another innovation term but the empirical based models and theories that the authors have proposed will help enable creating and scaling solutions under resource constraints both by social entrepreneurs and traditional businesses.' Venkata Gandikota, President and co-founder, The Nordic Frugal Innovation Society 'This book should give tremendous impetus for serious and rigorous academic research on innovation under severe constraints.' Vijay Govindarajan, Coxe Distinguished Professor at Amos Tuck School of Business Administration, Dartmouth and author of Reverse Innovation 'This book complements previous books in helping to establish frugal innovation as a field that merits serious attention in the diverse worlds of academia, practice and policy. It extends prior work by developing models, frameworks and tools to help scholars, innovators and managers to deliver meaningful and much needed innovation for all of humanity.' Jaideep Prabhu, Judge Business School, Cambridge and author of Jugaad Innovation and Frugal Innovation 'Policymakers around the world and especially in emerging markets can leverage frugal innovations to better promote human welfare. The models and tools in this book should support leaders in their efforts to foster equitable growth and sustainable development.' Shaukat Aziz, Chairman of the Oxford Emerging Markets Symposium Steering Committee and former Prime Minister of Pakistan 'To solve the wicked problems confronting humanity and the planet, we need frugal innovators - wise problem solvers who operate with a business mind, social heart, and ecological soul. Building on earlier works on frugal innovation, this scholarly book offers a rigorous theoretical framework to understand, teach, and practice the art and science of designing and delivering frugal solutions that integrate six key elements: affordability, accessibility, simplicity, sustainability, quality, and purpose.' Navi Radjou, Judge Business School, University of Cambridge and co-author of Jugaad Innovation and Frugal Innovation 'New models of innovation are desperately needed in global health systems which are being squeezed by increasing demand, declining budgets and rising complexity of disease. This book shows how frugal innovations can play a vital role in containing soaring healthcare costs while upholding quality standards, something which simply cannot be compromised in healthcare.' Ara Darzi, Imperial College London, member of the House of Lords and former Parliamentary Under-Secretary of State at the Department of Health 'This book is needed! The marrying of social value and business value has gained steam in many circles with a focus on value - both human and economic. Frugal Innovation widens the path for intrepid innovators by grounding insightful conceptual frameworks upon an extensive base of empirical evidence.' Kristian Olson, Director of the Consortium for Affordable Medical Technologies and Associate Professor, Harvard University Medical School, Massachusetts 'Taken as a whole, the book provides some deep insights into frugal innovation with the help of models and frameworks. It also provides a means for academics and practitioners to gain an understanding of frugal innovation with some prevalent cases. The book serves as a useful primer for anyone aspiring to research this area, and its illustration of innovation issues using various examples will be helpful for scholars.' Mokter Hossain, R&D Management

Papildus informācija

Outlines a new theory of frugal innovation and provides a set of practical tools to support implementation.
List of Figures
xv
List of Tables
xvi
Foreword xviii
Anita McGahan
Preface xxi
Acknowledgements xxiv
List of Abbreviations
xxv
Introduction 1(6)
PART I MODELS OF FRUGAL INNOVATION
7(94)
1 Outline of the Context, Literature and Methodology
9(29)
1.1 The Inspiration for This Book
9(1)
1.2 Theoretical Framing from the Literature
10(7)
1.2.1 Why Focus on Innovation?
12(1)
1.2.2 Why Focus on Institutional Voids and Resource Scarcity?
13(1)
1.2.3 Why Study Social Entrepreneurs to Inform Models of Innovation?
14(1)
1.2.4 Under-Researched Assumptions about Social Innovation and Social Entrepreneurship
15(2)
1.3 What Do We Know about Social Innovation?
17(2)
1.4 Innovation under Constraint
19(2)
1.5 The Question of Frugal Innovation
21(2)
1.6 How Does This Book Approach Innovation Differently?
23(1)
1.7 The Conceptual Framework
24(7)
1.8 Research Questions
31(1)
1.9 Approach and Method
32(3)
1.10 Contribution to Organisation Theory and Strategic Management
35(3)
2 Conceptualising Innovation: Model 1
38(33)
2.1 Introduction
38(1)
2.2 Analysis and Coding
39(19)
2.3 Aggregating into Third-Level Theoretical Concepts
58(1)
2.4 Generating a Model and Towards Theory
59(1)
2.5 Discussion
59(11)
2.5.1 Social Innovation
65(1)
2.5.2 Challenge-Based Innovation
66(1)
2.5.3 User-Based Innovation
67(1)
2.5.4 Efficiency-Driven Innovation
67(1)
2.5.5 Combining the Four Types to Define Frugal Innovation
67(3)
2.6 Summary
70(1)
3 Conceptualising Innovation under Constraints: Model 2
71(30)
3.1 Introduction
71(2)
3.2 Analysis and Coding
73(9)
3.3 Aggregating into Third-Level Theoretical Concepts
82(2)
3.4 Generating the Theoretical Model
84(13)
3.5 Discussion
97(2)
3.6 Summary
99(2)
PART II TOWARDS A THEORY OF FRUGAL INNOVATION
101(122)
4 Integrative Results and Theory Development
103(38)
4.1 Introduction
103(1)
4.2 Approach to Theory Development
104(4)
4.3 Developing a Theory of Frugal Innovation
108(25)
4.3.1 Intersection of Technology and Social Innovation
111(9)
4.3.2 Intersection of Institutional and Social Innovation
120(5)
4.3.3 Intersection of Technology and Institutional Innovation
125(4)
4.3.4 The Technology-Social-Institutional Nexus
129(4)
4.4 Summary
133(8)
5 Test of Models Using Secondary Cases
141(19)
5.1 Introduction
141(2)
5.2 Intersection of Technology and Social Innovation
143(6)
5.2.1 Aravind Eyecare System (Social)
143(1)
5.2.2 General Electric's Electrocardiogram and Ultrasound Machines (Efficiency-Based)
144(2)
5.2.3 Tata Nano (Challenge-Based)
146(1)
5.2.4 Ansari X Prize (Challenge-Based)
147(2)
5.2.5 One Laptop per Child (Challenge-Based)
149(1)
5.3 Intersection of Institutional and Social Innovation
149(3)
5.3.1 Grameen Bank (Social)
149(1)
5.3.2 Mumbai Dabbawalas (User-Based)
150(2)
5.4 Intersection of Technology and Institutional Innovation
152(3)
5.4.1 Mobile Phone Banking (Efficiency-Based)
152(3)
5.5 The Technology-Social-Institutional Nexus
155(3)
5.5.1 Narayana Health Cardiac Hospital (Social)
155(2)
5.5.2 $300 House (Challenge-Based)
157(1)
5.6 Summary
158(2)
6 Emerging Concepts in Innovation
160(29)
6.1 Introduction
160(2)
6.2 Reverse Innovation
162(5)
6.3 Grassroots Innovation
167(1)
6.4 Inclusive Innovation
168(1)
6.5 Jugaad Innovation
169(2)
6.6 Frugal Innovation
171(16)
6.6.1 Conceptualising Frugal Innovation
174(9)
6.6.2 Mechanisms Enacted in Frugal Innovation
183(4)
6.7 Summary
187(2)
7 Implications for Research, Practice and Policy
189(34)
7.1 Introduction
189(3)
7.2 Implications for Researchers
192(4)
7.3 Implications for Practitioners
196(6)
7.4 Implications for Policymakers
202(4)
7.5 Limitations
206(6)
7.5.1 Research Question 1
208(1)
7.5.2 Research Questions 2 and 3
209(1)
7.5.3 Results and Claims
210(2)
7.6 Future research
212(2)
7.7 Summary
214(2)
Conclusion
216(7)
PART III TOOLS POR PRACTICE AND RESEARCH
223(3)
Appendices
225(1)
Appendix A Toolkit to Identify and Categorise Frugal Innovations 226(3)
Appendix B Lessons from the Frugal Innovation Lab 229(4)
Appendix C Detailed Research Methodology and Design 233(29)
References 262(36)
Bibliography 298(10)
Index 308
Yasser Bhatti is a Research Fellow at the Institute of Global Health Innovation, Imperial College London. His social innovation research focuses on the role of emerging market economies and situated actors, such as social entrepreneurs, in emerging trends in innovation that include frugal and reverse innovation. Most recently, he served as an expert on the scientific advisory board of the European Commission project on Frugal Innovation. Radha Ramaswami Basu has over forty years of experience in technology innovation and management. She is widely recognized as a leading woman entrepreneur in hi-tech companies and as a pioneer in the Indian software business. Radha is founder and CEO of iMerit Inc., a technology services company (www.iMerit.net) that pioneers the 'smart sourcing model', working on latest AI, machine learning and ecommerce services for global clients. Radha was Founder and Director of Frugal Innovation Lab at Santa Clara University, California, and sits on the boards of NetHope, Santa Clara University Miller Center for Social Entrepreneurship and Jhumki Basu Foundation. She has won numerous awards including the first UN Women GEMTECH award, Excelsior Leadership, Top25 Women of the Web, CEO of the Year 2000, and Leader of the Millennium. David Barron is a Rhodes Trust Associate Professor in Organisational Sociology at the Saļd Business School, University of Oxford, as well as the Vice Principal and a Fellow and Tutor in Management Studies at Jesus College, Oxford. After graduating from the University of Cambridge in 1979 with a degree in natural sciences, he worked for several years as a social worker in Scotland and London, before completing his M.A. and Ph.D. in sociology at Cornell University. David Barron's research is concerned with the sociology of organisations, quantitative research methods and social networks. Marc J. Ventresca is an economic sociologist in the Strategy, Innovation and Marketing Faculty at the Saļd Business School, University of Oxford and a Governing Body Fellow of Wolfson College. His research and teaching focus on the formation of markets and networks in business and social settings. Specifically, he researches how markets are built and the actors who build them. He is also an expert in the areas of governance, innovation and technology and how they interact with markets and networks.