Preface |
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xv | |
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xvii | |
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1 | (16) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (2) |
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3 General methodological considerations |
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5 | (2) |
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7 | (3) |
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5 How is word order established in creole genesis? |
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10 | (2) |
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6 Processes that play a role in the development of a creole |
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12 | (1) |
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7 The issue of multifunctionality |
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13 | (2) |
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8 Organization of the book |
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15 | (1) |
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9 Overview of the major findings |
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15 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 The nominal structures of Saramaccan, Fongbe and English with reference to Haitian Creole |
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17 | (52) |
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18 | (5) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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1.3 Theoretical framework |
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19 | (1) |
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1.4 Introduction to the nominal structures of the languages under comparison |
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19 | (2) |
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1.5 A relabeling-based account of Creole genesis |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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1.8 Methodological provisos |
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22 | (1) |
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1.9 Organisation of the chapter |
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22 | (1) |
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2 The definite determiners |
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23 | (13) |
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2.1 The anaphoric property of the definite determiners |
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23 | (2) |
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2.2 The definite determiners in clause structures |
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25 | (1) |
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2.2.1 The definite determiners in relative clauses |
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25 | (2) |
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2.2.2 The definite determiners in factive clauses |
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27 | (2) |
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2.2.3 The definite determiners in temporal and causal clauses |
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29 | (2) |
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2.2.4 The definite determiners in simple clauses |
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31 | (1) |
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2.2.5 The relationship between determiners and tense in clauses |
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32 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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2.3 A monosemic approach to Saramaccan di |
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32 | (1) |
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2.4 The source of the properties of the Saramaccan definite determiner |
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33 | (3) |
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36 | (1) |
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3 The expression and the properties of the category Number |
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36 | (12) |
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3.1 The expression of the category Number and noun omission |
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37 | (1) |
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3.2 The conceptual role of the category Number |
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38 | (3) |
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3.3 The category Number and the third person plural personal pronoun |
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41 | (2) |
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3.4 Are Saramaccan di and dee part of the same paradigm? |
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43 | (3) |
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3.5 How has the plural marker of Saramaccan acquired its properties? |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (1) |
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48 | (6) |
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5 The expression of possession |
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54 | (7) |
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5.1 The basic possessive structure |
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54 | (4) |
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5.2 The grammatical status of the forms occurring in possessive structures |
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58 | (2) |
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5.3 How have the various components of the Saramaccan possessive structure acquired their properties? |
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60 | (1) |
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6 Word order in nominal structures |
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61 | (4) |
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65 | (4) |
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Chapter 3 Coordinating constructions in Fongbe with reference to Haitian Creole |
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69 | (40) |
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69 | (5) |
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74 | (8) |
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2.1 Bo3 as a coordinating conjunction |
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74 | (3) |
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2.2 Bo3 as a complementizer |
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77 | (2) |
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2.3 A unified analysis of bo3 |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (8) |
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3.1 Bo as a coordinating conjunction |
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82 | (3) |
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3.2 Bo as a complementizer |
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85 | (2) |
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3.3 A unified account of bo |
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87 | (2) |
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3.4 Does bo constitute a separate lexical entry from bo? |
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89 | (1) |
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4 The theoretical relevance of the properties of bo and bo |
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90 | (4) |
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4.1 On the marked character of AND-THEN conjunctions |
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90 | (1) |
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4.2 The disjoint/coreferential subjects distinction |
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91 | (1) |
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4.3 From connective adverb to complementizer through conjunction of coordination |
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91 | (3) |
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94 | (5) |
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5.1 The kpodo...kpo `with...with' circumposition |
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94 | (4) |
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5.2 Fongbe and other WITH-type languages |
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98 | (1) |
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6 Coordinating construction in Haitian Creole |
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99 | (8) |
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6.1 The clausal conjunction epi |
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99 | (5) |
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6.2 Can NPs be conjoined in Haitian Creole? |
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104 | (1) |
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6.3 How did the properties of the Haitian lexical items get to be the way they are? |
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105 | (2) |
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7 Concluding remarks: The typological features of Fongbe |
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107 | (2) |
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Chapter 4 The multifunctionality of Saramaccan taa |
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109 | (52) |
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110 | (2) |
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2 The functions of SA taa and taki |
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112 | (10) |
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3 The source of the properties of SA taa and taki |
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122 | (16) |
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3.1 SA taa and taki, and English talk |
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122 | (2) |
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3.2 SA taa and taki and Fongbe d3 |
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124 | (7) |
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3.3 SA taa and taki and the lexical items meaning `to say' in other SA substrate languages |
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131 | (1) |
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3.3.1 The multifunctionality of the lexical items meaning `to say' in the substrate languages of SA |
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131 | (4) |
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3.3.2 The range of verbs meaning `to say' and their properties in the SA substrate languages |
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135 | (3) |
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138 | (1) |
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4 Early SA data and the grammaticalization account of the relationship between taki and taa |
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138 | (9) |
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4.1 The properties of `say'-verbs and related items in early SA |
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138 | (3) |
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4.2 The grammaticalization account of the relationship between taki and taa |
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141 | (3) |
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4.3 Recapitulation of the data to be accounted for |
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144 | (3) |
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5 A relabeling account of the multifunctionality of SA taa |
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147 | (7) |
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5.1 The derivation of SA taa and taki |
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147 | (2) |
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5.2 The source of the phonological representation of taa and taki |
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149 | (3) |
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5.3 Different superstrate labels for the same substrate lexical item |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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6 The parameters of relabeling and competing approaches to multifunctionality |
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154 | (5) |
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6.1 The monosemy/polysemy debate over multifunctionality |
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154 | (3) |
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6.2 Are the various approaches to multifunctionality equally compatible with the parameters defining relabeling? |
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157 | (2) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 On the properties of Saramaccan fu |
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161 | (50) |
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162 | (4) |
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2 The various functions of fu |
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166 | (20) |
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2.1 Fu occurring as a preposition |
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166 | (1) |
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166 | (3) |
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2.1.2 Fu may select purposive clauses |
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169 | (2) |
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171 | (1) |
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2.2 Fu occurring as a mood marker |
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171 | (1) |
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2.2.1 Fu occurring between the subject and the verb |
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171 | (3) |
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2.2.2 Fu occurring with modal verbs |
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174 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Fu occurring before the subject |
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176 | (1) |
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177 | (1) |
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2.3 Fu occurring as a complementizer |
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177 | (4) |
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2.4 Fu occurring as a case marker |
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181 | (2) |
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2.5 Fu is a multifunctional lexical item |
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183 | (3) |
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3 The source of the properties of fu |
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186 | (23) |
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3.1 Review of available accounts |
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187 | (1) |
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3.2 A three-way comparison: SA fu and corresponding lexical entries in the SA contributing languages |
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188 | (1) |
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3.2.1 SA fu and English for |
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189 | (3) |
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3.2.2 SA fu and Fongbe nu and ni |
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192 | (8) |
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200 | (1) |
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3.3 A relabeling account of the properties of SA fu |
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201 | (2) |
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3.4 Mismatches between the substrate and the creole lexical entries |
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203 | (1) |
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3.4.1 The `for this (reason)' discrepancy |
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203 | (1) |
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3.4.2 The (non-)finite property of the purposive clause selected by SA fu and Fongbe nu |
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203 | (3) |
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3.4.3 A puzzling syntactic difference between SA fu and Fongbe ni in their function as mood markers |
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206 | (1) |
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3.4.4 The possibility of occurrence of mood markers as conditional clause introducers |
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207 | (1) |
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3.4.5 An innovative function of fu? |
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207 | (2) |
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209 | (1) |
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209 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 The multiple facets of Papiamentu ku |
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211 | (34) |
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211 | (1) |
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2 The functions of PP ku, and the concept of lexical entry |
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212 | (12) |
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2.1 The multifunctional character of ku |
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213 | (1) |
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2.1.1 Ku as a preposition |
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213 | (2) |
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2.1.2 Ku as a conjunction |
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215 | (4) |
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2.1.3 Ku as a complementizer |
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219 | (3) |
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222 | (1) |
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2.2 How many lexical entries are required for ku? |
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222 | (2) |
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224 | (1) |
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3 The processes involved in the make up of PP ku1 |
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224 | (8) |
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224 | (1) |
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3.1.1 The superstrate language: Portuguese |
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225 | (2) |
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3.1.2 The substrate languages |
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227 | (2) |
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229 | (1) |
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3.1.4 Phonological conflation |
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229 | (1) |
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230 | (1) |
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230 | (2) |
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232 | (1) |
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4 The sources of the properties of PP ku2 |
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232 | (10) |
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4.1 Comparison of the properties of PP ku2 and those of the closest lexical items in the source languages of PP |
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233 | (1) |
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4.1.1 The [ +T] indicative complementizer in Portuguese |
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233 | (1) |
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4.1.2 The [ +T] indicative complementizer in the PP substrate languages |
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234 | (4) |
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238 | (1) |
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4.2 The sources of the properties of PP ku2 |
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239 | (1) |
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4.2.1 The source of the semantic and syntactic properties of Pp ku2 |
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239 | (2) |
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4.2.2 The source of the phonological properties of PP ku2 |
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241 | (1) |
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242 | (1) |
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242 | (3) |
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Chapter 7 On the properties of Papiamentu pa |
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245 | (38) |
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245 | (3) |
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2 The various functions of pa |
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248 | (12) |
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2.1 Pa occurring as a preposition |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (3) |
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2.1.2 Pa may select purposive clauses |
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251 | (1) |
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2.2 Pa occurring as a mood marker |
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252 | (1) |
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2.3 Pa occurring as a complementizer |
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253 | (4) |
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2.4 Pa occurring as a case marker? |
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257 | (1) |
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2.5 Pa is a multifunctional lexical item |
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258 | (2) |
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3 The source of the properties of pa: A three-way comparison |
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260 | (15) |
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3.1 PP pa and Portuguese para |
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261 | (5) |
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3.2 PP pa and Fongbe nu and ni |
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266 | (7) |
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273 | (2) |
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4 A relabeling account of the properties of PP pa |
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275 | (1) |
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5 Mismatches between the substrate and the creole lexical entries |
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276 | (5) |
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5.1 The `for this (reason)' discrepancy |
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276 | (1) |
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5.2 The non-finite property of the purposive clause selected by PP pa |
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277 | (1) |
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5.3 A puzzling syntactic difference between PP pa and Fongbe ni in their function as mood markers |
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278 | (1) |
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5.4 Mood markers as conditional clause introducers |
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279 | (1) |
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5.5 PP pa and Fongbe nu as case markers |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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281 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 A new analysis of the Papiamentu clause structure |
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283 | (34) |
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283 | (2) |
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285 | (19) |
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286 | (1) |
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2.1.1 The complementizer ku |
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286 | (7) |
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2.1.2 The complementizer pa |
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293 | (4) |
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2.1.3 The morphemes ku and pa head ForceP |
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297 | (2) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (4) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (11) |
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3.1 The status of lo in FinP |
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305 | (1) |
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3.2 The status of ta, tabata, a in TP and AspP |
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306 | (1) |
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307 | (3) |
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3.2.2 Ta in gerundial clauses |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (2) |
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3.3 The status of pa in MoodP |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (1) |
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315 | (2) |
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Chapter 9 The properties of functional categories in the three creoles |
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317 | (28) |
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317 | (1) |
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2 Functional categories occurring in nominal structures |
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317 | (8) |
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319 | (2) |
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321 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (3) |
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325 | (1) |
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325 | (3) |
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328 | (10) |
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4.1 Subjunctive complementizers |
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328 | (6) |
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4.2 Indicative complementizers |
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334 | (3) |
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337 | (1) |
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5 The Tense, Mood and Aspect markers |
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338 | (4) |
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342 | (3) |
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345 | (18) |
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345 | (1) |
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2 The similarity between the subsystems of functional categories of the three creoles |
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346 | (3) |
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349 | (5) |
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4 Other processes that play a role in establishing the properties of functional categories in the development of creoles |
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354 | (4) |
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354 | (2) |
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356 | (2) |
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5 Phenomena that are the result of some process(es) |
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358 | (1) |
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358 | (1) |
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359 | (1) |
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6 Multifunctionality and the concept of lexical entry |
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359 | (1) |
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360 | (3) |
References |
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363 | (18) |
Index of authors |
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381 | (4) |
Index of subjects |
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385 | |