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Functional Nanostructured Materials and Membranes for Water Treatment [Hardback]

Edited by (Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia), Series edited by (University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia), Edited by (TECHNION, Haifa, Israel), Edited by (Fudan University, Shanghai, PR China)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 318 pages, height x width x depth: 246x175x23 mm, weight: 907 g
  • Sērija : Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Feb-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527329870
  • ISBN-13: 9783527329878
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Functional Nanostructured Materials and Membranes for Water TreatmentPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 318 pages, height x width x depth: 246x175x23 mm, weight: 907 g
  • Sērija : Materials for Sustainable Energy and Development
  • Izdošanas datums: 20-Feb-2013
  • Izdevniecība: Blackwell Verlag GmbH
  • ISBN-10: 3527329870
  • ISBN-13: 9783527329878
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9783527329878.html
Chemical and biological engineers explore some of the membranes and other materials manipulated at the nanometer scale that are being used to treat water for drinking or wastewater for return to the environment. The topics include target areas for nanotechnology development for water treatment and desalinization, photocatalysis at nanostructured titania for sensing applications, mesoporous materials for water treatment, membrane surface nanostructuring with terminally anchored polymer chains, applying ceramic membranes in water treatment, functional zeolitic framework membranes for water treatment and desalination, molecular-scale modeling of membrane water treatment processes, and some potential future nanotechnologies for water treatment. Annotation ©2013 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

With its emphasis on the application of nanotechnology to improve water treatment processes, this ready reference and handbook addresses the real needs of scientists and others working in the industry. It thus covers materials ranging from ceramic membranes, to functional nanoparticles, carbon nanotubes, and biological materials, as well as theoretical aspects.
Each chapter is written by leading international experts in the field, examining in detail desalination, adsorption, filtration, the destruction and conversion of pollutants, as well as the monitoring of water quality, while discussing the most fundamental concepts, exciting breakthroughs and future developments along the way.
Foreword xiii
Series Editor Preface xv
Acknowledgments xvii
About the Series Editor xix
About the Volume Editors xxi
List of Contributors
xxiii
1 Target Areas for Nanotechnology Development for Water Treatment and Desalination
1(6)
Mikel Duke
Raphael Semiat
Dongyuan Zhao
1.1 The Future of Water Treatment: Where Should We Target Our Efforts?
1(1)
1.2 Practical Considerations for Nanotechnology Developers
2(1)
1.3 The Water Treatment Market for New Nanotechnology
3(1)
1.4 Purpose of This Book
4(1)
1.5 Concluding Remarks
5(2)
References
6(1)
2 Destruction of Organics in Water via Iron Nanoparticles
7(26)
Hilla Shemer
Raphael Semiat
2.1 Introduction
7(1)
2.2 Nanoparticles as Catalysts
8(2)
2.2.1 Colloidal Nanoparticles
9(1)
2.2.2 Supported Nanoparticles
9(1)
2.3 Advanced Oxidation Processes
10(8)
2.3.1 Fenton-Like Reactions
12(1)
2.3.1.1 Iron Oxide as Heterogeneous Nanocatalyst
12(4)
2.3.2 Photo-Fenton Reactions
16(1)
2.3.3 Nanocatalytic Wet Oxidation
17(1)
2.4 Nano Zero-Valent Iron (nZVI)
18(9)
2.4.1 Synthesizing Methods
20(2)
2.4.1.1 Emulsified Zero-Valent Iron
22(1)
2.4.2 Degradation Mechanism
22(3)
2.4.3 Field Application of nZVI
25(2)
2.5 Bimetallic nZVI Nanoparticles
27(2)
2.6 Summary
29(4)
References
30(3)
3 Photocatalysis at Nanostructured Titania for Sensing Applications
33(34)
Shanqing Zhang
Huijun Zhao
3.1 Background
33(4)
3.1.1 Photocatalysis at Ti02 Nanomaterials
33(3)
3.1.2 Photoelectrocatalysis at Ti02 Nanomaterials
36(1)
3.2 Fabrication of T1O2 Photoanodes
37(4)
3.2.1 Common Fabrication Techniques and Substrates for Photoanodes
37(1)
3.2.2 TiOj/BDD Photoanode
38(1)
3.2.3 T1O2 Mixed-Phase Photoanode
39(1)
3.2.4 CNTs/Ti02 Composite Photoanode
40(1)
3.3 The Sensing Application of Ti02 Photocatalysis
41(5)
3.3.1 Photocatalytic Determination of TOC
42(1)
3.3.2 Photocatalytic Determination of COD
43(3)
3.4 The Sensing Application of TiO2 Photoelectrocatalysis
46(10)
3.4.1 Probe-Type TiO2 Photoanode for Determination of COD
46(4)
3.4.2 Exhaustive Degradation Mode for Determination of COD
50(3)
3.4.3 Partial Oxidation Mode for Determination of COD
53(2)
3.4.4 UV-LED for Miniature Photoelectrochemical Detectors
55(1)
3.4.5 Photoelectrochemical Universal Detector for Organic Compounds
55(1)
3.5 Photocatalytic Gas Sensing
56(3)
3.5.1 The Photoelectrocatalytic Generation of Analytical Signal
57(1)
3.5.2 Photocatalytic Surface Self-Cleaning for Enhancement of Analytical Signal
58(1)
3.6 Conclusions
59(8)
References
59(8)
4 Mesoporous Materials for Water Treatment
67(18)
Yonghui Deng
Dongyuan Zhao
4.1 Adsorption of Heavy Metal Ions
68(5)
4.2 Adsorption of Anions
73(1)
4.3 Adsorption of Organic Pollutants
74(3)
4.4 Multifunctional Modification of Sorbents
77(2)
4.5 Photocatalytic Degradation of Organic Pollutants
79(3)
4.6 Conclusions and Outlook
82(3)
Acknowledgments
83(1)
References
83(2)
5 Membrane Surface Nanostructuring with Terminally Anchored Polymer Chains
85(40)
Yoram Cohen
Nancy Lin
Kari J. Varin
Diana Chien
Robert F. Hicks
5.1 Introduction
85(1)
5.2 Membrane Fouling
86(3)
5.3 Strategies for Mitigation of-Membrane Fouling and Scaling
89(2)
5.4 Membrane Surface Structuring via Graft Polymerization
91(13)
5.4.1 Overview
91(1)
5.4.2 Reaction Schemes for Graft Polymerization
92(2)
5.4.3 Surface Activation with Vinyl Monomers
94(1)
5.4.4 Surface Activation with Chemical Initiators
95(2)
5.4.5 Irradiation-Induced Graft Polymerization
97(1)
5.4.5.1 Gamma-Induced Graft Polymerization
97(2)
5.4.5.2 UV-Induced Graft Polymerization
99(2)
5.4.6 Plasma-Initiated Graft Polymerization
101(3)
5.5 Summary
104(21)
References
207
6 Recent Advances in Ion Exchange Membranes for Desalination Applications
125(38)
Chalida Klaysom
Bradley P. Ladewig
G.Q. Max Lu
Lianzhou Wang
6.1 Introduction
125(1)
6.2 Fundamentals of IEMs and Their Transport Phenomena
125(10)
6.2.1 Ion Transport through IEMs
127(1)
6.2.2 Concentration Polarization and Limiting Current Density
128(1)
6.2.2.1 The Overlimiting Current Density
128(1)
6.2.2.2 Water Dissociation
129(1)
6.2.2.3 Gravitational Convection
130(1)
6.2.2.4 Electroconvection
130(1)
6.2.3 Structure and Surface Heterogeneity of IEMs
130(5)
6.3 Material Development
135(15)
6.3.1 The Development of Polymer-Based IEMs
135(1)
6.3.1.1 Direct Modification of Polymer Backbone
135(4)
6.3.1.2 Direct Polymerization from Monomer Units
139(3)
6.3.1.3 Charge Induced on the Film Membranes
142(1)
6.3.2 Composite Ion Exchange Membranes
143(4)
6.3.3 Membranes with Specific Properties
147(2)
6.3.3.1 Improving Antifouling Property
149(1)
6.4 Future Perspectives of IEMs
150(2)
6.4.1 Hybrid System
150(2)
6.4.2 Small-Scale Seawater Desalination
152(1)
6.5 Conclusions
152(11)
References
154(9)
7 Thin Film Nanocomposite Membranes for Water Desalination
163(132)
Dan Li
Huanting Wang
7.1 Introduction
163(5)
7.2 Fabrication and Characterization of Inorganic Fillers
168(4)
7.3 Fabrication and Characterization of TFC/TFN Membranes
172(7)
7.3.1 Interfacial Polymerization
172(3)
7.3.2 Interfacial Polymerization with Inorganic Fillers
175(2)
7.3.3 Characterization of TFN or TFC Membranes
177(2)
7.4 Membrane Properties Tailored by the Addition of Fillers
179(6)
7.4.1 Water Permeability and Salt Rejection
179(5)
7.4.2 Fouling Resistance, Chlorine Stability, and Other Properties
184(1)
7.5 Commercialization and Future Developments of TFN Membranes
185(2)
7.6 Summary
187(108)
References
188(107)
8 Application of Ceramic Membranes in the Treatment of Water
295
Weihong Xing
Yiqun Fan
Wanqin Jin
8.1 Introduction
195(1)
8.2 Membrane Preparation
196(2)
8.2.1 Extrusion
196(1)
8.2.2 Sol-Gel Process
196(2)
8.3 Clarification of Surface Water and Seawater Using Ceramic Membranes
198(4)
8.3.1 Ceramic Membrane Microfiltration of Surface Water
199(1)
8.3.1.1 Pretreatment with Flocculation/Coagulation
199(1)
8.3.1.2 Effect of Transmembrane Pressure (TMP) and Cross-Flow Velocity (CFV)
199(1)
8.3.1.3 Ultrasound Cleaning
200(2)
8.3.1.4 Hybrid Ozonation-Ceramic Ultrafiltration
202
8.3.1.5 Ceramic Membrane Applications for Industrial-Scale Waterworks
201(1)
8.3.2 Pretreatment of Seawater RO Using Ceramic Membranes
201(1)
8.3.2.1 Effect of Operational Parameters
201(1)
8.3.2.2 Ceramic Membrane Application for the Industrial-Scale SWRO Plant
202(1)
8.4 Ceramic Membrane Application in the Microfiltration and Ultrafiltration of Wastewater
202(11)
8.4.1 Microstructure of the Membranes
204(1)
8.4.2 Surface Properties of Ceramic Membranes
205(1)
8.4.2.1 Wettability
205(1)
8.4.2.2 Surface Charge Properties
206(2)
8.4.2.3 Technical Process
208(4)
8.4.2.4 Cost
212(1)
8.5 Conclusions and Prospects
213(4)
References
213(4)
9 Functional Zeolitic Framework Membranes for Water Treatment and Desalination
217(32)
Bo Zhu
Bin Li
Linda Zou
Anita J. Hill
Dongyuan Zhao
Jerry Y. S. Lin
Mikel Duke
9.1 Introduction
217(2)
9.2 Preparation of Zeolite Membranes
219(10)
9.2.1 Direct In situ Crystallization
220(1)
9.2.2 Seeded Secondary Growth
221(2)
9.2.3 Microwave Synthesis
223(5)
9.2.4 Postsynthetic Treatment
228(1)
9.3 Zeolite Membranes for Water Treatment
229(12)
9.3.1 Zeolite Membranes for Desalination
229(6)
9.3.2 Zeolite Membranes for Wastewater Treatment
235(3)
9.3.3 Zeolite Membrane-Based Reactors for Wastewater Treatment
238(3)
9.4 Conclusions and Future Perspectives
241(8)
Acknowledgments
241(1)
References
242(7)
10 Molecular Scale Modeling of Membrane Water Treatment Processes
249(52)
Harry F. Ridgway
Julian D. Gale
Zak E. Hughes
Matthew B. Stewart
John D. Orbell
Stephen R. Gray
10.1 Introduction
249(1)
10.2 Molecular Simulations of Polymeric Membrane Materials for Water Treatment Applications
249(18)
10.2.1 RO Membranes: Synthesis, Structure, and Properties
250(5)
10.2.2 Strategies for Modeling Polymer Membranes
255(7)
10.2.3 Simulation of Water and Solute Transport Behaviors
262(4)
10.2.4 Concluding Remarks
266(1)
10.3 Molecular Simulation of Inorganic Desalination Membranes
267(12)
10.3.1 Modeling of Zeolites
268(2)
10.3.2 Behavior of Water within Zeolites
270(6)
10.3.3 Zeolites and Salt Ions
276(2)
10.3.4 Concluding Remarks
278(1)
10.4 Molecular Simulation of Membrane Fouling
279(22)
10.4.1 Molecular Modeling of Potential Organic Foulants
280(6)
10.4.2 Modeling of Membrane Fouling
286(5)
10.4.3 Future Directions
291(1)
10.4.4 Concluding Remarks
291(1)
References
292(9)
11 Conclusions: Some Potential Future Nanotechnologies for Water Treatment
301(12)
Mikel Duke
11.1 Nanotubes
301(4)
11.1.1 Fast Molecular Flow
302(1)
11.1.2 CNTs as High Strength Fibers
302(1)
11.1.3 High Aspect Ratio
303(1)
11.1.4 Electrical Conductivity
304(1)
11.2 Graphene
305(1)
11.2.1 Graphene Barrier Material
305(1)
11.2.2 Desalination and Heavy Metal Adsorption
306(1)
11.2.3 Catalytic Assistance
306(1)
11.3 Aquaporins
306(1)
11.4 Metal-Organic, Zeolitic Imidazolate, and Polymer Organic Frameworks
307(2)
11.5 Conclusions
309(4)
References
309(4)
Index 313
Prof Mikel Duke has worked in membrane research for almost 10 years and has 36 peer-review publications in this field. He received his BE and PhD degree from the University of Queensland in environmental and chemical engineering and has worked at the Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for Functional Nanomaterials and Arizona State University since then. His focus is on development of ceramic membranes that operate at the molecular level by optimizing functional material parameters. He is the recipient of a prestigious Endeavour Executive Award and the founding chair of the Membrane Society of Australasia.

Professor Dongyuan Zhao is Cheung Kong Professor of the China Education Ministry, Vice Director of the Advanced Materials Laboratory at Fudan University and Visiting Professor at Monash University (Australia). He is an academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences. With over 350 peer-reviewed papers earning >20000 citations he is the 65th Most-Cited Scientist in Chemistry (according to ISI). His research interests are in the synthesis of porous materials and their application in catalysis, separation, photonics, sorption, environmental decontamination, sensors, etc.

Prof. Raphael Semiat is the Yitzhak Rabin Memorial Chair in Science, Engineering and Management of Water Resources at Technion - Israel Institute of Technology. He has wide industrial experience in research and development of chemical processes. His current interests and activities are centered on water technologies, including desalination, chemical-environmental processes and use of nano particles for removal of organic matter and heavy metals from water. He has published more than 140 papers in scientific journals.