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E-grāmata: Fundamental Aspects of Turbulent Flows in Climate Dynamics: Lecture Notes of the Les Houches Summer School: Volume 109, August 2017

Edited by (Senior Research Scientist, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, California Institute of Technology), Edited by (Chargé de Recherches au CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, ENS de Lyon), Edited by (Directeur de Recherches au CNRS, Laboratoire de Physique, ENS de Lyon), Edited by
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This volume, number 109 of the Les Houches Summer School series, presents the lectures held in August 2017 on the subject of turbulent flows in climate dynamics.

Leading scientists in the fields of climate dynamics, atmosphere and ocean dynamics, geophysical fluid dynamics, physics and non-linear sciences present their views on this fast growing and interdisciplinary field of research, by venturing upon fundamental problems of atmospheric convection, clouds, large scale circulation, and predictability.

Climate is controlled by turbulent flows. Turbulent motions are responsible for the bulk of the transport of energy, momentum, and water vapor in the atmosphere, which determine the distribution of temperature, winds, and precipitation on Earth. The aim of this book is to survey what is known about how turbulent flows control climate, what role they may play in climate change, and to outline where progress in this important area can be expected, given today's computational and observational capabilities.

This book reviews the state-of-the-art developments in this field and provides an essential background to future studies. All chapters are written from a pedagogical perspective, making the book accessible to masters and PhD students and all researchers wishing to enter this field.
List Of participants
xix
1 Theory of tropical moist convection
1(45)
David M. Romps
1.1 Introduction
3(1)
1.2 Dry thermodynamic equations
3(11)
1.3 Tropospheric energy balance
14(2)
1.4 How do global climate models work?
16(2)
1.5 Rigid-lid gravity waves
18(4)
1.6 Leaky-lid gravity waves
22(3)
1.7 When and why does DSE conservation fail?
25(3)
1.8 Moist thermodynamic equations
28(1)
1.9 Moist-adiabatic lapse rate
29(3)
1.10 Bulk-plume model
32(3)
1.11 Free-tropospheric relative humidity
35(4)
1.12 Moist-entraining lapse rate
39(2)
1.13 Analytical theory for CAPE
41(3)
1.14 Future directions
44(2)
Acknowledgments
45(1)
References
45(1)
2 Clouds in current and in a warming climate
46(50)
Caroline Muller
2.1 Introduction
48(1)
2.2 Cloud fundamentals
49(7)
2.3 Cloud formation and physics
56(12)
2.4 Organization of deep convection at mesoscales in the tropics
68(10)
2.5 Response of the hydrological cycle to climate change
78(9)
2.6 Clouds in a changing climate
87(9)
References
93(3)
3 Dynamical system approaches to climate variability
96(87)
Henk A. Dijkstra
3.1 Introduction
98(5)
3.2 The null-hypothesis of climate variability
103(14)
3.3 The Pleistocene ice ages
117(6)
3.4 Dansgaard-Oeschger events
123(13)
3.5 El Nino/Southern Oscillation
136(13)
3.6 Midlatitude flow transitions
149(34)
Acknowledgments
173(1)
References
173(10)
4 Barotropic aspects of large-scale atmospheric turbulence
183(36)
Theodore G. Shepherd
4.1 Introduction
185(1)
4.2 Phenomenology of the atmospheric general circulation
186(12)
4.3 Balanced and unbalanced dynamics
198(5)
4.4 Balanced and unbalanced turbulence
203(6)
4.5 Pseudomomentum and wave, mean-flow interaction
209(8)
4.6 2D turbulence and zonal Jets
217(2)
References 219
Freddy Bouchet, Principal Investigator of European Research Council, Directeur de recherche au CNRS, Lyon, France.

Tapio Schneider, California Institute of Technology, Senior Research Scientist, Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, USA.

Antoine Venaille, Chargé de Recherche au CNRS, Laboratoire de physique, ENS de Lyon, France.

Christophe Salomon, Directeur de Recherche au CNRS, Laboratoire Kastler Brossel, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Paris, France.
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