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1 Cheese: Historical Aspects |
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1 | (10) |
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2 | (5) |
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1.2 Cheese Production and Consumption |
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7 | (2) |
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1.3 Cheese Science and Technology |
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9 | (2) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (1) |
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2 Overview of Cheese Manufacture |
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11 | (16) |
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13 | (1) |
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2.2 Standardization of Milk Composition |
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13 | (1) |
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2.3 Heat Treatment of Milk |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (2) |
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2.5 Conversion of Milk to Cheese Curd |
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17 | (6) |
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23 | (1) |
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2.7 Processed Cheese Products |
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24 | (1) |
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2.8 Whey and Whey Products |
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25 | (2) |
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3 Principal Families of Cheese |
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27 | (44) |
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27 | (7) |
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3.2 Rennet-Coagulated Cheeses |
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34 | (26) |
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3.3 Acid-Coagulated Cheeses |
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60 | (1) |
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3.4 Heat/Acid-Coagulated Cheeses |
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60 | (1) |
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3.5 Concentration/Crystallization |
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61 | (2) |
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3.6 Visual Appearance of Selected Cheeses |
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63 | (1) |
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3.7 Ultrafiltration Technology in Cheesemaking |
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63 | (8) |
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68 | (1) |
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69 | (2) |
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4 Chemistry of Milk Constituents |
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71 | (34) |
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71 | (2) |
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4.2 Lactose and Other Carbohydrates |
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73 | (6) |
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79 | (9) |
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88 | (11) |
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99 | (1) |
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100 | (1) |
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4.7 Physico-Chemical Properties of Milk |
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101 | (4) |
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102 | (3) |
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5 Bacteriology of Cheese Milk |
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105 | (16) |
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105 | (1) |
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5.2 Sources of Microorganisms |
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105 | (2) |
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5.3 Mastitis and Other Diseases |
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107 | (2) |
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5.4 Milking Machines and Bulk Tanks |
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109 | (2) |
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111 | (1) |
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5.6 Pathogens in Raw Milk |
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111 | (2) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (2) |
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5.9 Alternatives to Heat Treatment |
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115 | (3) |
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5.10 Standards for Raw Milk |
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118 | (3) |
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119 | (2) |
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121 | (64) |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (11) |
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133 | (1) |
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6.4 Measurement of Growth |
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134 | (1) |
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6.5 Effect of Temperature |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (5) |
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141 | (2) |
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6.8 Metabolism of Starters |
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143 | (10) |
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6.9 Respiration in Lactic Acid Bacteria |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (4) |
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6.11 Exopolysaccharide Production |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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6.14 Inhibition of Acid Production |
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160 | (15) |
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175 | (3) |
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6.16 Production of Bulk Cultures in Cheese Plants |
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178 | (2) |
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6.17 DVS and DVI Cultures |
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180 | (5) |
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180 | (5) |
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7 Enzymatic Coagulation of Milk |
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185 | (46) |
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185 | (1) |
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7.2 Primary Phase of Rennet Coagulation |
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186 | (3) |
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189 | (1) |
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7.4 Factors that Affect the Hydrolysis of κ-Casein and the Primary Phase of Rennet Coagulation |
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190 | (2) |
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7.5 Secondary (Non-enzymatic) Phase of Coagulation and Gel Assembly |
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192 | (7) |
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7.6 Factors that Affect the Non-enzymatic Phase of Rennet Coagulation |
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199 | (2) |
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7.7 Measurement of Rennet Coagulation Properties |
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201 | (9) |
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7.8 Factors that Affect Rennet Coagulation |
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210 | (10) |
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220 | (5) |
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225 | (6) |
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226 | (5) |
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8 Post-Coagulation Treatment of the Renneted-Milk Gel |
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231 | (20) |
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231 | (1) |
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8.2 Methods for Measuring Syneresis |
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232 | (1) |
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8.3 Influence of Compositional Factors on Syneresis |
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233 | (1) |
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8.4 Influence of Processing Variables on Syneresis |
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234 | (5) |
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8.5 Kinetics and Mechanism of Syneresis |
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239 | (1) |
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240 | (6) |
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8.7 Moulding and Pressing of Cheese Curd |
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246 | (2) |
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248 | (3) |
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249 | (2) |
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251 | (28) |
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251 | (2) |
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9.2 Salt in Different Cheese Varieties |
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253 | (1) |
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9.3 The Major Functions of Salt in Cheese |
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253 | (3) |
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256 | (1) |
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257 | (6) |
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9.6 Dry Salting of Cheese |
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263 | (5) |
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9.7 Effect of Salt on Cheese Composition |
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268 | (2) |
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9.8 Effect of NaCl on the Microbiology of Cheese |
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270 | (3) |
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9.9 Influence of NaCl on Enzymes in Cheese |
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273 | (1) |
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9.10 Effect of Salt on Cheese Quality |
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274 | (1) |
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9.11 Nutritional Aspects of NaCl in Cheese |
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275 | (4) |
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275 | (4) |
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279 | (54) |
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280 | (1) |
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10.2 Definition and Expression of Cheese Yield |
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280 | (3) |
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10.3 Measurement of Cheese Yield and Efficiency |
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283 | (5) |
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10.4 Prediction of Cheese Yield |
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288 | (7) |
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10.5 Factors That Affect Cheese Yield |
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295 | (29) |
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324 | (9) |
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325 | (6) |
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331 | (2) |
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11 Microbiology of Cheese Ripening |
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333 | (58) |
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333 | (1) |
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11.2 Microbial Activity During Ripening |
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334 | (1) |
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11.3 Water and Water Activity |
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334 | (2) |
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336 | (3) |
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11.5 Oxidation-Reduction Potential |
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339 | (1) |
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11.6 pH and Organic Acids |
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340 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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11.9 Growth of Starter Bacteria in Cheese |
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342 | (2) |
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11.10 Growth of Non-Starter Lactic Acid Bacteria in Cheese |
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344 | (3) |
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11.11 Spatial Development of Bacteria in Cheese |
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347 | (1) |
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11.12 Non-Starter Lactic Acid Bacteria as Adjunct Cultures |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (2) |
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11.14 Secondary Microorganisms in Ripening Cheese |
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351 | (1) |
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11.15 Molecular Methods of Identification |
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351 | (1) |
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11.16 Development of Microorganisms in Different Cheeses |
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352 | (21) |
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11.17 Microbial Spoilage of Cheese |
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373 | (2) |
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375 | (1) |
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11.19 Non-Lactic Genera of Bacteria Found in Cheese |
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376 | (5) |
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381 | (10) |
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386 | (1) |
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386 | (5) |
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12 Biochemistry of Cheese Ripening |
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391 | (52) |
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391 | (1) |
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12.2 Ripening Agents in Cheese |
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392 | (1) |
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12.3 Contribution of Individual Agents to Ripening |
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393 | (2) |
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12.4 Metabolism of Residual Lactose and of Lactate and Citrate |
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395 | (10) |
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405 | (1) |
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12.6 Lipolysis and Related Events |
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406 | (8) |
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414 | (14) |
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12.8 Characterization of Proteolysis in Cheese |
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428 | (8) |
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12.9 Catabolism of Amino Acids and Related Events |
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436 | (2) |
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438 | (5) |
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439 | (4) |
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443 | (32) |
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444 | (1) |
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444 | (8) |
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13.3 Characteristics of Cheese Flavour |
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452 | (1) |
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13.4 Analysis of Cheese Flavour |
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452 | (4) |
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13.5 Analysis of Volatile Compounds |
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456 | (12) |
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13.6 Aroma Compounds in Specific Cheeses |
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468 | (3) |
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471 | (4) |
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472 | (3) |
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14 Cheese: Structure, Rheology and Texture |
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475 | (58) |
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14.1 Introduction to Cheese Rheology |
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476 | (1) |
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14.2 Relationship Between Cheese Rheology and Texture |
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477 | (3) |
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480 | (4) |
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14.4 Rheological Concepts |
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484 | (6) |
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14.5 Model of Cheese Rheology Based on Creep and Recovery Experiments |
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490 | (4) |
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14.6 Measurement of the Rheological Behaviour of Cheese |
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494 | (13) |
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14.7 Factors That Influence the Rheological Characteristics of Cheese as Measured Using Large Strain Uniaxial Compression |
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507 | (15) |
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522 | (11) |
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527 | (5) |
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532 | (1) |
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15 Factors that Affect Cheese Quality |
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533 | (10) |
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533 | (1) |
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534 | (2) |
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536 | (1) |
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537 | (1) |
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15.5 Non-starter Lactic Acid Bacteria (NSLAB) |
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537 | (1) |
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538 | (3) |
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15.7 Ripening Temperature |
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541 | (1) |
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541 | (2) |
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542 | (1) |
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16 Fresh Cheese Products: Principals of Manufacture and Overview of Different Varieties |
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543 | (46) |
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543 | (3) |
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16.2 Overview of the Manufacturing Process for Fresh Acid-Curd Cheese Products |
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546 | (1) |
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16.3 Principles and Mechanism of Acid-Induced Gelation of Milk |
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546 | (11) |
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557 | (3) |
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16.5 Factors that Influence the Rheology and Syneresis of Acid-Induced Milk Gels |
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560 | (8) |
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16.6 Treatments of the Concentrated Gel after Whey Separation |
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568 | (3) |
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16.7 Major Fresh Acid-Curd Cheese Varieties |
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571 | (12) |
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583 | (6) |
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584 | (4) |
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588 | (1) |
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17 Processed Cheese and Substitute/Imitation Cheese Products |
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589 | (40) |
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590 | (1) |
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17.2 Pasteurized Processed Cheese Products |
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590 | (24) |
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17.3 Imitation and Substitute Cheese Products, and Tofu |
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614 | (15) |
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623 | (3) |
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626 | (3) |
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18 Cheese as an Ingredient |
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629 | (52) |
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18.1 Introduction and Definitions |
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630 | (6) |
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18.2 Overview of Functional Requirements of Cheese as an Ingredient |
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636 | (2) |
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18.3 Basis of Functional Properties in Cheese |
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638 | (8) |
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18.4 Evaluation of the Rheological-Related Functional Properties of Cheese |
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646 | (6) |
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18.5 Effects of Different Factors on the Functionality of Unheated Cheese |
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652 | (2) |
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18.6 Effects of Different Factors on the Functionality of Heated Cheese |
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654 | (13) |
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18.7 Dried Cheese Products |
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667 | (9) |
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676 | (5) |
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677 | (2) |
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679 | (2) |
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19 Pathogens in Cheese and Foodborne Illnesses |
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681 | (34) |
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688 | (6) |
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19.2 Growth of Pathogens in Cheese During Manufacture |
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694 | (5) |
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19.3 Growth of Pathogens in Cheese During Ripening |
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699 | (6) |
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705 | (1) |
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19.5 Control of Growth of Pathogens |
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706 | (2) |
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19.6 Stresses and Survival of Pathogens |
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708 | (1) |
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708 | (7) |
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709 | (3) |
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712 | (3) |
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20 Nutritional Aspects of Cheese |
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715 | (16) |
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716 | (1) |
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716 | (2) |
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20.3 Protein and Carbohydrate |
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718 | (1) |
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20.4 Vitamins and Minerals |
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719 | (4) |
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723 | (1) |
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20.6 Cheese and Dental Caries |
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723 | (1) |
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724 | (4) |
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20.8 Biogenic Amines in Cheese |
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728 | (3) |
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729 | (2) |
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21 Current Legislation on Cheese |
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731 | (24) |
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732 | (4) |
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21.2 International Standards for Cheese Developed by the Codex Alimentarius Commission |
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736 | (2) |
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21.3 European Legislation Pertaining to Cheese |
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738 | (3) |
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21.4 EU Food Additive Legislation |
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741 | (1) |
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21.5 EU Food Labelling Legislation |
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742 | (1) |
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21.6 Cheese Legislation in the United Kingdom |
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743 | (2) |
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745 | (1) |
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21.8 US Legislation on Cheese |
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746 | (3) |
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21.9 Cheese Legislation in a Selection of Other Countries |
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749 | (1) |
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749 | (6) |
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751 | (4) |
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22 Whey and Whey Products |
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755 | (16) |
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755 | (2) |
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22.2 Clarification of Whey |
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757 | (1) |
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758 | (1) |
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22.4 Concentrated and Dried Whey Products |
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758 | (1) |
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759 | (6) |
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765 | (2) |
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767 | (1) |
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767 | (4) |
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References and Suggested Reading |
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768 | (3) |
Index |
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771 | |