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E-grāmata: Fundamentals of Ecological Modelling: Applications in Environmental Management and Research

3.14/5 (8 ratings by Goodreads)
(DFH, Miljokemi, Copenhagen, Denmark)
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Fundamentals of Ecological Modelling: Applications in Environmental Management and Research, Fourth Edition, provides a comprehensive discussion of the fundamental principles of ecological modeling. The first two editions of this book (published in 1986 and 1994) focused on the roots of the discipline the four main model types that dominated the field 30-40 years ago: (1) dynamic biogeochemical models; (2) population dynamic models; (3) ecotoxicological models; and (4) steady-state biogeochemical and energy models. The third edition focused on the mathematical formulations of ecological processes that are included in ecological models.
This fourth edition uses the four model types previously listed as the foundation and expands the latest model developments in spatial models, structural dynamic models, and individual-based models. As these seven types of models are very different and require different considerations in the model development phase, a separate chapter is devoted to the development of each of the model types. Throughout the text, the examples given from the literature emphasize the application of models for environmental management and research.
  • Presents the most commonly used model types with a step-by-step outline of the modeling procedure used for each
  • Shows readers through an illustrated example of how to use each model in research and management settings
  • New edition is revised to include only essential theory with a focus on applications
  • Includes case studies, illustrations, and exercises (case study of an ecological problem with full illustration on how to solve the problem)


Fundamentals of Ecological Modelling: Applications in Environmental Management and Research, Fourth Edition, provides a comprehensive discussion of the fundamental principles of ecological modeling. The first two editions of this book (published in 1986 and 1994) focused on the roots of the discipline the four main model types that dominated the field 30-40 years ago: (1) dynamic biogeochemical models; (2) population dynamic models; (3) ecotoxicological models; and (4) steady-state biogeochemical and energy models. The third edition focused on the mathematical formulations of ecological processes that are included in ecological models.
This fourth edition uses the four model types previously listed as the foundation and expands the latest model developments in spatial models, structural dynamic models, and individual-based models. As these seven types of models are very different and require different considerations in the model development phase, a separate chapter is devoted to the development of each of the model types. Throughout the text, the examples given from the literature emphasize the application of models for environmental management and research.
  • Presents the most commonly used model types with a step-by-step outline of the modeling procedure used for each
  • Shows readers through an illustrated example of how to use each model in research and management settings
  • New edition is revised to include only essential theory with a focus on applications
  • Includes case studies, illustrations, and exercises (case study of an ecological problem with full illustration on how to solve the problem)

Recenzijas

Reviews of the previous edition:"Ecological modelling is obviously a huge area, and this book, which is both an overview and a how-to guide, covers an enormous amount of it." --Ecology and Biogeography Letters

"Excellent synoptique." --Information Eaux

"...this book will be an invaluable source of information for a variety of engineers and ecologists, who have a mathematical background and may wish to gain an introduction to the rapidly growing field of ecological and environmental modelling. This book will also be very adequate for courses on this subject." --International Journal of Environmental Analytical Chemistry

Papildus informācija

Ecological Modeling, 4e, provides professionals with an overview of the most common ecological model types used today as well as the practical how-to methods for creating effective models in research and management situations.
Author Biography xii
Preface xiii
1 Introduction
1(18)
1.1 Physical and Mathematical Models
1(2)
1.2 Models as a Management Tool
3(1)
1.3 Models as a Research Tool
4(3)
1.4 Models and Holism
7(4)
1.5 The Ecosystem as an Object for Research
11(2)
1.6 The Development of Ecological and Environmental Models
13(3)
1.7 State of the Art in the Application of Models
16(3)
2 Concepts of Modelling
19(76)
2.1 Introduction
19(1)
2.2 Modelling Elements
20(4)
2.3 The Modelling Procedure
24(7)
2.4 Verification
31(3)
2.5 Sensitivity Analysis
34(3)
2.6 Calibration
37(4)
2.7 Validation and Assessment of the Model Uncertainty
41(3)
2.8 Model Classes
44(7)
2.9 Selection of Model Complexity and Structure
51(9)
2.10 Parameter Estimation
60(18)
2.11 Ecological Modelling and Quantum Theory
78(4)
2.12 Modelling Constraints
82(10)
Problems
92(3)
3 An Overview of Different Model Types
95(26)
3.1 Introduction
95(1)
3.2 Model types --- An Overview
96(4)
3.3 Conceptual Models
100(8)
3.4 Advantages and Disadvantages of the Most Applied Model Types
108(8)
3.5 Applicability of the Different Model Types
116(2)
Problems
118(3)
4 Mediated or Institutionalized Modelling
121(8)
4.1 Introduction: Why Do We Need Mediated Modelling?
121(2)
4.2 The Institutionalized Modelling Process
123(2)
4.3 When Do You Apply Institutionalized or Mediated Modelling (IMM)?
125(2)
Problems
127(2)
5 Modelling Population Dynamics
129(30)
5.1 Introduction
129(1)
5.2 Basic Concepts
129(2)
5.3 Growth Models in Population Dynamics
131(3)
Illustration 5.1
134(1)
5.4 Interaction Between Populations
135(6)
Illustration 5.2
141(1)
Illustration 5.3
142(5)
5.5 Matrix Models
147(2)
Illustration 5.4
149(1)
5.6 Fishery Models
150(3)
5.7 Metapopulation Models
153(2)
5.8 Infection Models
155(2)
Problems
157(2)
6 Steady-State Models
159(16)
6.1 Introduction
159(1)
6.2 A Chemo state Model to Illustrate a Steady-State Biogeochemical Model
160(2)
Illustration 6.1
162(1)
6.3 Ecopath Models
162(1)
6.4 Ecological Network Analysis
163(11)
Problems
174(1)
7 Dynamic Biogeochemical Models
175(54)
7.1 Introduction
175(2)
7.2 Application of Biogeochemical Dynamic Models
177(2)
7.3 The Streeter-Phelps River BOD/DO Model, Using STELLA
179(5)
7.4 Eutrophication Models I: Simple Eutrophication Models with 2-4 State Variables
184(8)
7.5 Eutrophication Models II: A Complex Eutrophication Model
192(16)
7.6 Model of Subsurface Wetland
208(10)
7.7 Global Warming Model
218(7)
Problems
225(4)
8 Ecotoxicological Models
229(62)
8.1 Classification and Application of Ecotoxicological Models
229(4)
8.2 Environmental Risk Assessment
233(11)
8.3 Characteristics and Structure of Ecotoxicological Models
244(14)
8.4 An Overview: The Application of Models in Ecotoxicology
258(3)
8.5 Estimation of Ecotoxicological Parameters
261(10)
8.6 Ecotoxicological Case Study I: Modelling the Distribution of Chromium in a Danish Fjord
271(7)
8.7 Ecotoxicological Case Study II: Contamination of Agricultural Products by Cadmium and Lead
278(6)
8.8 Fugacity Fate Models
284(3)
Illustration 8.1
287(1)
Illustration 8.2
288(3)
9 Individual-Based Models
291(18)
9.1 History of Individual-Based Models
291(2)
9.2 Designing Individual-Based Models
293(1)
9.3 Emergent versus Imposed Behaviors
294(1)
9.4 Orientors
295(2)
9.5 Implementing Individual-Based Models
297(2)
9.6 Pattern-Oriented Modelling
299(2)
9.7 Individual-Based Models for Parameterizing Models
301(1)
9.8 Individual-Based Models and Spatial Models
302(2)
9.9 Example
304(4)
9.10 Conclusions
308(1)
Problems
308(1)
10 Structurally Dynamic Models
309(38)
10.1 Introduction
309(1)
10.2 Ecosystem Characteristics
310(11)
10.3 How to Construct Structurally Dynamic Models and Definitions of Exergy and Eco-exergy
321(12)
10.4 Development of Structurally Dynamic Models for Darwin's Finches
333(2)
10.5 Biomanipulation
335(8)
10.6 An Ecotoxicological Structurally Dynamic Models Example
343(3)
Problems
346(1)
11 Spatial Modelling
347(22)
11.1 Introduction
347(6)
11.2 Spatial Ecological Models: The Early Days
353(3)
11.3 Spatial Ecological Models: State-of-the-Art
356(12)
Problems
368(1)
References 369(16)
Index 385
Brian D. Fath is Associate Professor in the Department of Biological Sciences at Towson University (MD, USA). He teaches courses in ecosystem ecology, environmental biology, networks, and human ecology and sustainability. Dr. Fath has also taught short-courses on ecological modelling in Portugal, Croatia, and Denmark. Since 2002, he is a regular summer research scientist at the International Institute for Applied Systems Analysis (Austria). Dr. Fath graduated in 1990 from Miami University (OH) with degrees in Physics and Aeronautics. He completed an M.S. degree in Environmental Science at Ohio State University (1993) and earned a Ph.D. in Ecology from the University of Georgia in 1998. He was a Post-Doctoral Fellow at the University of Georgia (1998-2000) and the U.S. EPA in Cincinnati (2000-2001). Dr. Fath researches system sustainability using ecological network analysis, integrated environmental assessment, and information theory. He has published research papers in Journal of Theoretical Biology, Ecological Modelling, Biosystems, Ecological Complexity, Environmental Modelling and Software, and Ecosystems. He has co-authored the book A New Ecology: Systems Perspective. Professional Service includes: Associate Editor for the journal Ecological Modelling (since 2005), Associate Editor-in-chief for the Encyclopedia of Ecology, President, North American Chapter of International Society for Ecological Modelling (since 2006), Editorial Board, The Scientific World Journal (2001-present), Editorial Board, International Journal of Ecodynamics (2004-present), Board of Directors, International Environmental Modelling and Software Society (2004-present), Baltimore County Commission on Environmental Quality (2005-present).
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