Preface |
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xv | |
Chapter 1 Introduction |
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1 | (23) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.2 History of Futures Markets |
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2 | (2) |
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1.3 The Over-the-Counter Market |
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4 | (2) |
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6 | (1) |
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7 | (3) |
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1.6 History of Options Markets |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (1) |
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11 | (3) |
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14 | (3) |
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17 | (1) |
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18 | (1) |
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18 | (2) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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20 | (2) |
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22 | (2) |
Chapter 2 Futures Markets and Central Counterparties |
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24 | (25) |
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2.1 Opening and Closing Futures Positions |
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24 | (1) |
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2.2 Specification of a Futures Contract |
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25 | (3) |
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2.3 Convergence of Futures Price to Spot Price |
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28 | (1) |
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2.4 The Operation of Margin Accounts |
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29 | (3) |
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32 | (3) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (1) |
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2.8 Types of Trader and Types of Order |
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38 | (1) |
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39 | (1) |
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40 | (2) |
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2.11 Forward vs. Futures Contracts |
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42 | (2) |
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44 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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45 | (1) |
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46 | (1) |
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47 | (2) |
Chapter 3 Hedging Strategies Using Futures |
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49 | (32) |
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49 | (3) |
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3.2 Arguments for and Against Hedging |
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52 | (3) |
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55 | (4) |
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59 | (4) |
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63 | (6) |
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69 | (1) |
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70 | (2) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (2) |
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Appendix: Review of Key Concepts in Statistics and the CAPM |
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76 | (5) |
Chapter 4 Interest Rates |
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81 | (26) |
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81 | (2) |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (1) |
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4.4 Measuring Interest Rates |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (1) |
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88 | (1) |
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4.7 Determining Zero Rates |
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89 | (4) |
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93 | (2) |
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4.9 Forward Rate Agreements |
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95 | (2) |
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4.10 Theories of the Term Structure of Interest Rates |
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97 | (3) |
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100 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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101 | (1) |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (2) |
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Appendix: Exponential and Logarithmic Functions |
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105 | (2) |
Chapter 5 Determination of Forward and Futures Prices |
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107 | (29) |
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5.1 Investment Assets vs. Consumption Assets |
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107 | (1) |
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108 | (1) |
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5.3 Assumptions and Notation |
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109 | (1) |
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5.4 Forward Price for an Investment Asset |
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110 | (3) |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (1) |
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5.7 Valuing Forward Contracts |
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115 | (3) |
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5.8 Are Forward Prices and Futures Prices Equal? |
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118 | (1) |
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5.9 Futures Prices of Stock Indices |
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118 | (3) |
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5.10 Forward and Futures Contracts on Currencies |
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121 | (3) |
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5.11 Futures on Commodities |
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124 | (3) |
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127 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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5.14 Futures Prices and Expected Spot Prices |
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128 | (2) |
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130 | (1) |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (2) |
Chapter 6 Interest Rate Futures |
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136 | (25) |
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6.1 Day Count and Quotation Conventions |
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136 | (3) |
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6.2 Treasury Bond Futures |
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139 | (4) |
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143 | (5) |
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148 | (4) |
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6.5 Duration-Based Hedging Strategies Using Futures |
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152 | (4) |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (2) |
Chapter 7 Swaps |
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161 | (29) |
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7.1 Mechanics of Interest Rate Swaps |
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162 | (5) |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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7.4 The Comparative-Advantage Argument |
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168 | (3) |
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7.5 Valuation of Interest Rate Swaps |
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171 | (3) |
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7.6 How the Value Changes through Time |
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174 | (1) |
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7.7 Fixed-for-Fixed Currency Swaps |
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175 | (3) |
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7.8 Valuation of Fixed-for-Fixed Currency Swaps |
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178 | (2) |
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180 | (1) |
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181 | (1) |
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7.11 Credit Default Swaps |
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182 | (1) |
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7.12 Other Types of Swaps |
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183 | (1) |
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184 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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185 | (1) |
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186 | (2) |
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188 | (2) |
Chapter 8 Securitization and the Credit Crisis of 2007 |
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190 | (15) |
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190 | (4) |
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8.2 The U.S. Housing Market |
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194 | (4) |
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198 | (2) |
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200 | (2) |
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202 | (1) |
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202 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (1) |
Chapter 9 Mechanics of Options Markets |
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205 | (22) |
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205 | (3) |
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208 | (2) |
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210 | (1) |
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9.4 Specification of Stock Options |
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211 | (4) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (2) |
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9.8 The Options Clearing Corporation |
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219 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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220 | (1) |
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9.11 Warrants, Employee Stock Options, and Convertibles |
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221 | (1) |
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9.12 Over-the-Counter Options Markets |
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222 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
Chapter 10 Properties of Stock Options |
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227 | (22) |
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10.1 Factors Affecting Option Prices |
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227 | (4) |
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10.2 Assumptions and Notation |
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231 | (1) |
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10.3 Upper and Lower Bounds for Option Prices |
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232 | (3) |
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235 | (4) |
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10.5 Calls on a Non-Dividend-Paying Stock |
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239 | (2) |
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10.6 Puts on a Non-Dividend-Paying Stock |
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241 | (2) |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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245 | (1) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (2) |
Chapter 11 Trading Strategies Involving Options |
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249 | (19) |
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11.1 Principal-Protected Notes |
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249 | (2) |
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11.2 Strategies Involving a Single Option and a Stock |
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251 | (2) |
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253 | (8) |
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261 | (3) |
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264 | (1) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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265 | (1) |
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266 | (1) |
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266 | (2) |
Chapter 12 Introduction to Binomial Trees |
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268 | (25) |
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12.1 A One-Step Binomial Model and a No-Arbitrage Argument |
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268 | (4) |
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12.2 Risk-Neutral Valuation |
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272 | (2) |
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12.3 Two-Step Binomial Trees |
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274 | (3) |
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277 | (1) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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280 | (1) |
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12.8 Increasing the Number of Time Steps |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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12.10 Options on Other Assets |
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282 | (5) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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287 | (1) |
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288 | (1) |
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289 | (2) |
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Appendix: Derivation of the Black-Scholes-Merton Option Pricing Formula from Binomial Tree |
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291 | (2) |
Chapter 13 Valuing Stock Options: The Black-Scholes-Merton Model |
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293 | (25) |
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13.1 Assumptions about How Stock Prices Evolve |
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294 | (3) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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13.4 Estimating Volatility from Historical Data |
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299 | (2) |
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13.5 Assumptions Underlying Black-Scholes-Merton |
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301 | (1) |
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13.6 The Key No-Arbitrage Argument |
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302 | (2) |
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13.7 The Black-Scholes-Merton Pricing Formulas |
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304 | (2) |
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13.8 Risk-Neutral Valuation |
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306 | (1) |
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13.9 Implied Volatilities |
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307 | (2) |
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309 | (2) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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313 | (2) |
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315 | (1) |
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Appendix: The Early Exercise of American Call Options on Dividend-Paying Stocks |
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316 | (2) |
Chapter 14 Employee Stock Options |
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318 | (10) |
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14.1 Contractual Arrangements |
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318 | (2) |
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14.2 Do Options Align the Interests of Shareholders and Managers? |
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320 | (1) |
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321 | (2) |
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323 | (1) |
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324 | (1) |
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325 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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326 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
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327 | (1) |
Chapter 15 Options on Stock Indices and Currencies |
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328 | (16) |
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15.1 Options on Stock Indices |
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328 | (3) |
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331 | (2) |
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15.3 Options on Stocks Paying Known Dividend Yields |
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333 | (2) |
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15.4 Valuation of European Stock Index Options |
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335 | (3) |
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15.5 Valuation of European Currency Options |
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338 | (1) |
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339 | (1) |
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340 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (1) |
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341 | (2) |
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343 | (1) |
Chapter 16 Futures Options and Black's Model |
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344 | (15) |
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16.1 Nature of Futures Options |
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344 | (2) |
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16.2 Reasons for the Popularity of Futures Options |
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346 | (1) |
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16.3 European Spot and Futures Options |
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347 | (1) |
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347 | (2) |
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16.5 Bounds for Futures Options |
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349 | (1) |
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16.6 A Futures Price as an Asset Providing a Yield |
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349 | (1) |
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16.7 Black's Model for Valuing Futures Options |
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350 | (1) |
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16.8 Using Black's Model Instead of Black-Scholes-Merton |
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350 | (1) |
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16.9 Valuation of Futures Options Using Binomial Trees |
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351 | (3) |
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16.10 American Futures Options vs. American Spot Options |
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354 | (1) |
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16.11 Futures-Style Options |
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354 | (1) |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (2) |
Chapter 17 The Greek Letters |
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359 | (32) |
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359 | (1) |
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17.2 Naked and Covered Positions |
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360 | (2) |
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17.3 Greek Letter Calculation |
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362 | (1) |
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363 | (6) |
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369 | (2) |
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371 | (3) |
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17.7 Relationship Between Delta, Theta, and Gamma |
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374 | (4) |
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378 | |
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377 | (2) |
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17.10 The Realities of Hedging |
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379 | (1) |
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379 | (1) |
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17.12 Extension of Formulas |
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380 | (2) |
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17.13 Creating Options Synthetically for Portfolio Insurance |
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382 | (3) |
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17.14 Stock Market Volatility |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (2) |
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387 | (1) |
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387 | (1) |
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388 | (1) |
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389 | (2) |
Chapter 18 Binomial Trees in Practice |
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391 | (22) |
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18.1 The Binomial Model for a Non-Dividend-Paying Stock |
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391 | (7) |
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18.2 Using the Binomial Tree for Options on Indices, Currencies, and Futures Contracts |
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398 | (3) |
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18.3 The Binomial Model for a Dividend-Paying Stock |
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401 | (4) |
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18.4 Extensions of the Basic Tree Approach |
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405 | (2) |
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18.5 Alternative Procedure for Constructing Trees |
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407 | (1) |
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18.6 Monte Carlo Simulation |
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407 | (2) |
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409 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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410 | (1) |
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411 | (1) |
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412 | (1) |
Chapter 19 Volatility Smiles |
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413 | (15) |
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19.1 Foreign Currency Options |
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413 | (3) |
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416 | (2) |
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19.3 The Volatility Term Structure and Volatility Surfaces |
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418 | (2) |
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19.4 When a Single Large Jump Is Anticipated |
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420 | (1) |
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421 | (1) |
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422 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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424 | (2) |
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Appendix: Why the Put Volatility Smile is the Same as the Call Volatility Smile |
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426 | (2) |
Chapter 20 Value at Risk and Expected Shortfall |
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428 | (30) |
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20.1 The VaR and ES Measures |
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428 | (3) |
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20.2 Historical Simulation |
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431 | (5) |
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20.3 Model-Building Approach |
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436 | (3) |
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20.4 Generalization of Linear Model |
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439 | (5) |
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444 | (2) |
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20.6 Estimating Volatilities and Correlations |
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446 | (5) |
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20.7 Comparison of Approaches |
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451 | (1) |
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452 | (1) |
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452 | (1) |
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453 | (1) |
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453 | (1) |
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454 | (1) |
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455 | (3) |
Chapter 21 Interest Rate Options |
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458 | (19) |
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21.1 Exchange-Traded Interest Rate Options |
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458 | (2) |
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21.2 Embedded Bond Options |
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460 | (1) |
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460 | (2) |
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21.4 European Bond Options |
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462 | (2) |
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464 | (5) |
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21.6 European Swap Options |
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469 | (3) |
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21.7 Term Structure Models |
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472 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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473 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
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474 | (1) |
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475 | (2) |
Chapter 22 Exotic Options and Other Nonstandard Products |
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477 | (19) |
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477 | (7) |
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22.2 Agency Mortgage-Backed Securities |
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484 | (1) |
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485 | (7) |
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492 | (1) |
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492 | (1) |
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493 | (1) |
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493 | (1) |
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494 | (2) |
Chapter 23 Credit Derivatives |
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496 | (19) |
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23.1 Credit Default Swaps |
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497 | (4) |
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23.2 Valuation of Credit Default Swaps |
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501 | (4) |
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505 | (1) |
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23.4 CDS Forwards and Options |
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506 | (1) |
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507 | (1) |
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23.6 The Use of Fixed Coupons |
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507 | (2) |
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23.7 Collateralized Debt Obligations |
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509 | (2) |
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511 | (1) |
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512 | (1) |
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512 | (1) |
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513 | (1) |
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513 | (2) |
Chapter 24 Weather, Energy, and Insurance Derivatives |
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515 | (8) |
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515 | (1) |
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516 | (3) |
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24.3 Insurance Derivatives |
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519 | (1) |
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520 | (1) |
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520 | (1) |
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521 | (1) |
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521 | (1) |
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522 | (1) |
Chapter 25 Derivatives Mishaps and What We Can Learn From Them |
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523 | (12) |
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25.1 Lessons for All Users of Derivatives |
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523 | (4) |
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25.2 Lessons for Financial Institutions |
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527 | (5) |
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25.3 Lessons for Nonfinancial Corporations |
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532 | (2) |
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534 | (1) |
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534 | (1) |
Answers to Quiz Questions |
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535 | (24) |
Glossary of Terms |
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559 | (18) |
DerivaGem Software |
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577 | (4) |
Major Exchanges Trading Futures and Options |
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581 | (1) |
Table for N(x) When x < or = to 0 |
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582 | (1) |
Table for N(x) When x > or = to 0 |
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583 | (2) |
Index |
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585 | |