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E-grāmata: Fundamentals of IoT Communication Technologies

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This textbook explores all of the protocols and technologies essential to IoT communication mechanisms. Geared towards an upper-undergraduate or graduate level class, the book is presented from a perspective of the standard layered architecture with special focus on protocol interaction and functionality. The IoT protocols are presented and classified based on physical, link, network, transport and session/application layer functionality. The author also lets readers understand the impact of the IoT mechanisms on network and device performance with special emphasis on power consumption and computational complexity. Use cases – provided throughout – provide examples of IoT protocol stacks in action. The book is based on the author’s popular class “Fundamentals of IoT” at Northeastern University. The book includes examples throughout and slides for classroom use. Also included is a 'hands-on’ section where the topics discussed as theoretical content are built as stacks in the context of an IoT network emulator so readers can experiment.

  • Presents a comprehensive resource of the Internet of Things and its networking and protocols, intended for classroom use
  • Discusses the main families of networking architectures that rely on the IoT protocols (i.e. LWPAN vs WPAN)
  • Introduces use cases and examples that focus on protocol interaction to build network stacks in addition to a suite of classroom materials including exercises and Q&A

Part I Understanding IoT Communications
1 Introduction
3(18)
1.1 M2MandIoT
3(2)
1.2 Layered Architectures
5(2)
1.3 System Components
7(2)
1.4 Use Case: IoT Applied to UAVs
9(7)
1.5 Why Now?
16(1)
1.6 Applications
16(5)
Summary
17(1)
Homework Problems and Questions
17(1)
References
18(3)
2 Concepts of IoT Networking
21(16)
2.1 IoT Networking
21(1)
2.2 Types of Networks
22(3)
2.3 Devices
25(3)
2.3.1 Sensors
26(1)
2.3.2 Actuators and Controllers
27(1)
2.3.3 Gateways
27(1)
2.4 Security
28(1)
2.5 Wireless Sensor Networks
29(8)
Summary
33(1)
Homework Problems and Questions
33(1)
References
33(4)
Part II IoT Protocol Layers
3 Physical and Link Layers
37(40)
3.1 About Physical and Link Layers
37(8)
3.2 Wireline
45(5)
3.2.1 Ethernet
45(2)
3.2.2 ITU-T G.9903
47(1)
3.2.3 IEEE 1901.2
48(1)
3.2.4 MS/TP
49(1)
3.3 Wireless
50(27)
3.3.1 IEEE 802.11
51(8)
3.3.2 IEEE 802.15.3
59(2)
3.3.3 IEEE 802.15.4
61(6)
3.3.4 Bluetooth Low Energy
67(4)
3.3.5 ITU-T G.9959
71(1)
3.3.6 DECT ULE
72(1)
3.3.7 NFC
73(1)
Summary
74(1)
Homework Problems and Questions
75(1)
References
76(1)
4 Network and Transport Layers
77(34)
4.1 Why IP?
77(1)
4.2 IPv6
78(3)
4.3 6L0WPAN
81(23)
4.3.1 Addresses
84(1)
4.3.2 Header Format
85(2)
4.3.3 Routing and Forwarding
87(5)
4.3.4 Header Compression
92(4)
4.3.5 Fragmentation
96(2)
4.3.6 Security Considerations
98(6)
4.3.7 TCP and 6L0WPAN
104(1)
4.4 6L0
104(2)
4.5 6TiSCH
106(5)
Summary
107(1)
Homework Problems and Questions
107(2)
References
109(2)
5 Application Layer
111(42)
5.1 Architectures
111(1)
5.2 Request/Response
111(26)
5.2.1 REST Architecture
111(2)
5.2.2 HTTP
113(7)
5.2.3 XMPP
120(3)
5.2.4 CoAP
123(9)
5.2.5 SIP and RTP
132(4)
5.2.6 OPCUA
136(1)
5.3 Publish/Subscribe
137(16)
5.3.1 MQTT
138(3)
5.3.2 AMQP
141(5)
Summary
146(1)
Homework Problems and Questions
147(2)
References
149(4)
Part III Advanced IoT Networking Topics
6 Resource Identification and Management
153(18)
6.1 IoT Services and Resources
153(1)
6.2 MDNS
154(7)
6.2.1 Queries
156(2)
6.2.2 Responses
158(2)
6.2.3 MDNS Message Header
160(1)
6.3 SD-DNS
161(2)
6.4 CoAP Service Discovery
163(2)
6.4.1 Distributed CoAP Resource Discovery
163(1)
6.4.2 Centralized CoAP Resource Discovery
164(1)
6.5 UPnP
165(6)
6.5.1 Addressing and Discovery Steps
165(1)
6.5.2 Description Step
166(1)
6.5.3 Control, Eventing, and Presentation Steps
166(2)
Summary
168(1)
Homework Problems and Questions
168(1)
References
169(2)
7 Routing on Constrained Devices
171(22)
7.1 Routing Concepts
171(3)
7.2 WSN Routing
174(8)
7.2.1 Hooding
174(1)
7.2.2 Gossiping
175(1)
7.2.3 SPIN
176(1)
7.2.4 Directed Diffusion
177(2)
7.2.5 LEACH
179(1)
7.2.6 PEGASIS
180(2)
7.3 RPL
182(7)
7.3.1 DODAG Creation
183(2)
7.3.2 Storing and Non-storing Nodes
185(1)
7.3.3 Loop Detection and Avoidance
186(3)
7.3.4 RPL, 6L0WPAN, and ND
189(1)
7.4 LOADng
189(4)
7.4.1 Minimal Core
190(1)
7.4.2 Smart Routing
190(1)
Summary
191(1)
Homework Problems and Questions
191(1)
References
192(1)
8 LP WAN Technologies
193(20)
8.1 LPWAN in IoT
193(1)
8.2 LoRa
193(3)
8.2.1 Physical Layer
193(1)
8.2.2 Link Layer
194(2)
8.3 SigFox
196(2)
8.3.1 Physical Layer
196(1)
8.3.2 Link Layer
197(1)
8.4 D7AP
198(2)
8.4.1 Physical Layer
199(1)
8.4.2 Link Layer
199(1)
8.4.3 Other Layers
200(1)
8.5 Weightless
200(3)
8.5.1 Physical and Link Layers
201(2)
8.6 NB-IoT
203(3)
8.6.1 Physical Layer
203(2)
8.6.2 Link and Upper Layers
205(1)
8.7 More LPWAN Technologies
206(7)
8.7.1 NB-Fi
206(1)
8.7.2 IQRF
207(1)
8.7.3 RPMA
207(1)
8.7.4 Telensa
207(1)
8.7.5 SNOW
208(1)
8.7.6 Nwave
208(1)
8.7.7 Qowisio
208(1)
8.7.8 IEEE 802.15.4k
208(1)
8.7.9 IEEE 802.15.4g
208(1)
8.7.10 LTE-M
209(1)
8.7.11 EC-GSM-IoT
209(1)
8.7.12 5G and B5G Considerations
209(1)
8.7.13 IPv6 Support Considerations
209(1)
Summary
210(1)
Homework Problems and Questions
210(1)
References
211(2)
9 Thread Architecture
213(14)
9.1 Thread and IoT
213(1)
9.2 Topology
214(1)
9.3 Routing
215(2)
9.4 Why Not RPL?
217(2)
9.5 Thread Stack
219(1)
9.6 Application Layer
220(2)
9.7 Security Considerations
222(1)
9.8 Thread Network Formation
222(1)
9.9 OpenThread
223(4)
Summary
224(1)
Homework Problems and Questions
224(1)
References
225(2)
Glossary 227(8)
Index 235
Rolando Herrero holds a Ph.D. degree in Electrical Engineering from Northeastern University where he specialized in communications and signal processing. He received his B.S. and M.S. degrees in Electrical Engineering from the Buenos Aires Institute of Technology (ITBA) and from the University of Maryland Baltimore County (UMBC) respectively. For over 20 years, he has been involved in several research and development positions within the telecommunication and industrial control markets specializing in media and data processing, packetization and transmission. This work has led to well over 20 patents as well as multiple conference and journal papers in areas ranging from Real Time Communications to IoT applied to UAVs. He is the founder of L7TR, a solutions company specialized in IoT communication technologies. He is also adjunct professor at Northeastern University where he lectures on IoT, signal processing and communications.