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E-grāmata: Fundamentals of Mammography - E-Book: Fundamentals of Mammography - E-Book

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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Apr-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Health Sciences
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780702081286
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Apr-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Health Sciences
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780702081286
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The third edition of Fundamentals of Mammography assists clinicians to deliver a consistently high-quality service while acquiring the skills needed to provide care at what can be an emotionally difficult time for many patients.

Fully updated to reflect current mammography technology, standards and radiologic environments, the book covers the principles of mammography techniques as well as equipment, quality control checks, psychological issues and communication.

This book is ideal for assistant practitioners and radiographers, both in training or newly qualified, as well as all other health professionals who use mammography in breast care settings.

  • Step-by-step guide to producing high-quality mammograms

  • Clear explanations and diagrams to achieve the best positioning and use of equipment

  • Graphic aids showing how to accommodate different statures and configurations

  • Advice on achieving and maintaining quality control for equipment and film processing

  • Patient-centred approach, with case studies and information on communication

  • Fully updated with the latest evidence, including electronic processing and digital technology

Preface ix
Acknowledgement xi
Abbreviations xiii
1 Mammography Equipment and Quality Control
1(8)
Introduction
1(1)
Mammographic Equipment Choice
1(1)
Design
1(1)
Functional Requirements
1(2)
Postinstallation Procedures
3(1)
Routine Systems Checks
3(1)
Equipment Required for Quality Control Testing of the Mammography System
3(1)
Daily Systems Check
3(1)
Weekly Check of Contrast-to-Noise Ratio
4(1)
Weekly Artefact and Uniformity Check
4(1)
Testing Image Quality
5(1)
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
6(1)
Stereotactic Devices
6(1)
Testing Stereotactic Devices
6(1)
Documenting Test Results
6(3)
2 Image Display and Storage
9(4)
Introduction
9(1)
Picture Archiving and Communication Systems
9(1)
Acquisition Workstation
9(1)
Reporting Workstations
9(1)
Systems Networks
10(1)
Picture Archiving and Communication System Infrastructure Design
10(1)
System Standardization
10(1)
Open Architecture and Connectivity
10(1)
Reliability
11(1)
Security
11(1)
Image Review
11(1)
Tomosynthesis
11(1)
Testing the Monitors
11(2)
3 Breast Anatomy: Implications for Mammographic Practice
13(8)
Embryology
13(1)
Normal Development
13(1)
Glandular Tissue
13(1)
Postnatal Development
13(1)
Accessory Breast Tissue
14(1)
Normal Activity
14(1)
Mammographic Involution
15(1)
Interruptions to the Involutionary Process
16(1)
Pregnancy
16(1)
Hormone Replacement Therapy
17(1)
Influence of Hormone Replacement Therapy on Breast Cancer Risk
17(1)
Anatomy of the Adult Female Breast
17(1)
Congenital Anomalies
17(1)
Post- and Prefixed Breasts
17(1)
Post- and Prefixed Nipples
18(1)
Breast Cancer Development
18(1)
Anatomically Derived Mammographic Principles
18(3)
4 Mammography: The First Steps
21(4)
Understanding the Clinical Background
21(1)
Justifying the Exposure
21(1)
Issues of Informed or Valid Consent
22(1)
Premammography Discussion
22(1)
Establishing Rapport
22(1)
Explaining the Procedure
22(1)
Relevant History
22(1)
Observing and Reporting Clinical Signs
23(1)
Important Points of Technique
23(1)
Image Annotation
23(1)
Anatomic Positioning
23(1)
Manipulating and Controlling the Breast
23(1)
Compression of the Breast
23(2)
5 Mammography: Basic Projections
25(12)
Introduction
25(1)
The Craniocaudal Projection
25(1)
Area Demonstrated
25(1)
Equipment Position
25(1)
Anatomic Position: Left Breast
25(1)
Breast Positioning
26(2)
Applying the Compression
28(1)
The Mediolateral Oblique Projection
28(1)
Area Demonstrated
29(1)
Equipment Position
29(1)
Anatomic Position: Left Breast
30(1)
Breast Positioning
30(2)
Applying the Compression
32(1)
Difficulties With Even Application of Compression
33(1)
Adjusting to the Individual
34(3)
6 Mammography: Complementary Projections
37(34)
Communication
38(1)
Medially Rotated Craniocaudal Projection
38(1)
Indications
38(1)
Area Demonstrated
38(1)
Equipment Position
38(1)
Anatomic Position: Left Breast
38(1)
Breast Positioning
38(2)
Difficulties encountered
40(1)
Laterally Rotated Craniocaudal Projection
40(1)
Indications
40(1)
Area Demonstrated
40(1)
Equipment Position
40(1)
Anatomic Position: Left Breast
40(1)
Breast Positioning
41(1)
Difficulties Encountered
42(1)
Extended Craniocaudal Projection
42(1)
Indications
42(1)
Area Demonstrated
42(1)
Equipment Position
42(1)
Anatomic Position: Left Breast
42(1)
Breast Positioning
42(2)
Difficulties Encountered
44(1)
Mediolateral Projection
44(1)
Indications
44(1)
Area Demonstrated
44(1)
Equipment Position
44(1)
Anatomic Position: Left Breast
44(1)
Breast Positioning
44(2)
Difficulties Encountered
46(1)
Lateromedial Projection
47(1)
Indications
47(1)
Area Demonstrated
47(1)
Equipment Position
47(1)
Anatomic Position: Left Breast
47(1)
Breast Positioning
47(1)
Difficulties Encountered
48(1)
Axillary Tail View
48(1)
Indications
48(1)
Area Demonstrated
48(1)
Anatomic Position: Left Breast
48(1)
Equipment Position
48(1)
Breast Positioning
48(2)
Difficulties Encountered
50(1)
Specialized Techniques
50(1)
Equipment Required
50(1)
Positioning
50(1)
Rolled Views/Displacement Views
51(1)
Localized Compression or "Paddle" Views
51(1)
Indications
51(1)
Accurate Localization of the Area of Interest
51(1)
Positioning
51(1)
Compression Force
51(1)
Difficulties Encountered
51(1)
Magnification Views
51(1)
Indications
51(2)
Localized/Paddle Magnification Views
53(1)
Exposure Time
53(1)
Digital Breast Tomosynthesis
54(1)
Contrast Enhanced Dual-Energy Mammography
55(2)
Mammography: Tailoring the Examination
57(1)
The Individual
57(1)
Variations in Breast Development
57(3)
Size Variation and Adapting Technique
60(3)
Variations in the Chest Wall Skeleton
63(1)
Mammography in Women With Breast Implants
64(1)
Efficacy of Mammography
64(1)
Anxieties of Women With Implants
64(1)
Positioning Techniques
65(1)
Eklund Technique
66(1)
Supplementary Technique: Lateral Projection
67(1)
Supplementary Technique: Tangential Views
67(1)
Mammography of the Male Breast
67(1)
Mammography of the Postoperative Breast
67(1)
Women With Disabilities and/or Mental Health Conditions
68(1)
Transgender and Nonbinary People
68(3)
8 Radiologic Procedures
71(12)
Introduction
71(1)
Symptomatic Presentation
72(1)
Screening Assessment
72(1)
Core Biopsy Procedures
72(1)
Image-Guided Core Biopsy
72(1)
Ultrasound Guidance
72(1)
X-Ray Guidance
72(1)
The Mammography Room
73(1)
The Equipment
74(1)
Preliminary Imaging
74(1)
The Intervention
74(1)
The Procedure for Stereotactic Localization
75(2)
Vacuum-Assisted Procedures
77(1)
Specimen Imaging
78(1)
Image-Guided Localization With Tissue Markers and Wires
78(2)
Complications
80(1)
Pain and Tenderness
81(1)
Bleeding and Bruising
81(1)
Safety and Blood Spillage
81(1)
Light-Headedness and Syncope
81(2)
9 Training, Education, and Continuing Professional Development in Mammography Practice
83(10)
Introduction
83(1)
Workforce Pressures
83(1)
Assistant/Associate Mammography Practitioners
83(1)
Expanding the Role of the Postgraduate Mammographer
84(1)
Auditing Mammographic Clinical Practice
84(1)
Review of Repeated Examinations
84(1)
Mammographic Image Quality Assessment
84(1)
Reviewing Mammograms
85(1)
Examples of Mammograms for Image Review
85(1)
Craniocaudal Mammograms
85(1)
Mediolateral Oblique Mammograms
86(3)
Complete Mammogram Examination
89(4)
10 Quality Assurance Systems
93(6)
Introduction
93(1)
Quality Assurance
93(1)
Developing a Quality System
93(1)
Definition of Objectives
93(1)
Identification of Criteria
94(1)
Agreement of Standards
94(1)
Collection of Information
94(1)
Review of Performance
94(1)
Organizational Requirements
94(1)
Culture and Education
94(1)
Availability and Accessibility
94(1)
Availability of Assessment
94(2)
Professional Organization for Quality Assurance
96(1)
Internal Quality Assurance Systems
96(1)
External Quality Assurance Systems
96(1)
The National Health Service Breast Screening Service Quality Assurance System
96(3)
11 The Basis of Mammographic Interpretation
99(14)
Introduction
99(1)
The Role of Mammography
99(1)
Indications for Mammography
100(1)
The Influence of Age and Hormone Replacement Therapy on Mammographic Sensitivity
100(1)
Mammographic Features Which Indicate an Abnormality
100(1)
Mass
100(3)
Architectural Distortion
103(1)
Asymmetry
103(1)
Microcalcifications
103(1)
Benign Breast Conditions
104(1)
Benign Breast Changes
104(1)
Classification of Benign Breast Lesions
104(1)
Nonproliferative Breast Lesions
104(1)
Mammographic Appearances Associated With Common Nonproliferative Breast Lesions
105(2)
Mammographic Appearances Associated With Common Proliferative Breast Lesions
107(1)
Malignant and Potentially Malignant Conditions
107(1)
What Is Breast Cancer?
107(1)
Types of Breast Cancer
108(1)
Invasive Cancer Grade
108(1)
The Mammographic Features of Breast Cancer According to Pathologic Types
108(2)
Summary
110(3)
12 Breast Screening
113(6)
Principles of Screening
113(1)
Incidence of Breast Cancer
114(1)
Screening With Mammography
114(1)
Radiation Dose
114(1)
Number of Views
114(1)
Digital Mammography
114(1)
Features of Breast Screening
115(1)
Age and Frequency
115(1)
Risk
115(1)
Mammography Reporting
115(1)
Recall for Assessment
115(1)
The Assessment Process
116(1)
Localization
116(1)
Quality Assurance
116(3)
13 Psychologic Issues and Communication
119(6)
Influences on Anxiety and Behavior Associated With Breast Cancer
119(1)
The Referral Route
119(1)
Outside Influence---Media and Experiential
120(1)
Phases in the Diagnostic Process
120(1)
Reducing Anxiety
120(1)
Written Information
120(1)
Waiting Times
120(1)
Administrative and Reception Staff
120(1)
Communication of Results
121(1)
Mammography Practitioners and Communication
121(1)
Personal Issues
121(1)
Men With Breast Symptoms
121(1)
Breast Cancer Issues
122(1)
The Family
122(3)
14 The Multidisciplinary Team
125(7)
Introduction to the Multidisciplinary Team
125(1)
The Multidisciplinary Team Meeting
125(1)
Who Attends Multidisciplinary Team Meetings?
125(1)
Organization of the Multidisciplinary Team
126(1)
What Supports an Effective Multidisciplinary Team?
126(1)
What Is Discussed at Multidisciplinary Team Meetings?
126(1)
Restructuring of Multidisciplinary Teams
127(1)
Case Study to Demonstrate a Pathway Through the Multidisciplinary Team
127(5)
Conclusion of the Importance of Multidisciplinary Teams 132(3)
Index 135
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