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Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Imaging 4e 4th edition [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 752 pages, 938 illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Jan-2014
  • Izdevniecība: F.A. Davis Company
  • ISBN-10: 0803638213
  • ISBN-13: 9780803638211
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Fundamentals of Musculoskeletal Imaging 4e 4th editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 752 pages, 938 illustrations
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Jan-2014
  • Izdevniecība: F.A. Davis Company
  • ISBN-10: 0803638213
  • ISBN-13: 9780803638211
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780803638211.html
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Here's everything Physical Therapists need to know about medical imaging.

This comprehensive guide helps you develop the skills and knowledge you need to accurately interpret imaging studies and understand written reports. Lynn McKinnis, 2009 winner of APTA's Helen J. Hislop Award for Outstanding Contributions to Professional Literature, guides you every step of the way.

Begin with a basic introduction to radiology; then progress to evaluating radiographs and advanced imaging from head to toe. Imaging for commonly seen traumas and pathologies, as well as case studies prepare you to meet the most common to complex challenges in clinical and practice.

More advanced images and critical-thinking exercises as well as new student resources online at DavisPlus continue to make the 4th Edition the ideal text in a rapidly advancing field.

The Davis Digital Version lets you access the complete text online. Plus, interactive exercises reinforce the content in the text and help you identify and recognize anatomy and pathologies. Redeem the Plus Code inside new, printed texts to access these DavisPlus resources.
Chapter 1 General Principles of Musculoskeletal Imaging
1(38)
Why Study Imaging?
1(1)
What Is Radiology?
2(1)
What Is Musculoskeletal Imaging?
2(1)
Historical Perspective
2(2)
Turn-of-the-Century Sensationalism
2(1)
The 1910s and 1920s
3(1)
The 1930s and 1940s
3(1)
The 1950s and 1960s
3(1)
The 1970s and 1980s
4(1)
The 1990s to the 21st Century
4(1)
Essential Science
4(3)
What Is a Radiograph?
4(1)
What Is Radiation?
5(1)
Units of Measure in Radiologic Science
5(1)
What Are X-rays?
6(1)
How Are X-rays Produced?
6(1)
How Do X-rays Interact With the Patient?
6(1)
How Is the Image Made?
7(1)
Basic Requirements for Any X-ray Imaging System
7(1)
Image Receptors: Different Ways to Capture the X-Rays
7(3)
The Gold Standard: Film/Screen Radiography
7(1)
Will Film Become Obsolete?
8(1)
Fluoroscopy
8(1)
Computed Radiography
9(1)
Digital Radiography
9(1)
Comparing Computed and Digital Radiography
10(1)
Understanding the Image
10(5)
What Is Radiodensity?
10(1)
Radiographic Density
10(1)
Radiopaque and Radiolucent
10(1)
Radiodensity as a Function of Composition: Anatomy in Four Shades of Gray
11(1)
Two More Shades of Gray
11(1)
Radiodensity as a Function of Thickness
12(1)
How Many Dimensions Can You See?
13(1)
Angles of Projection Over Straight Planes
13(1)
Angles of Projection Over Curved Planes
13(1)
One View Is No View
13(1)
The Perception of a Third Dimension
14(1)
Radiodensity in a Rose
15(1)
More to the Radiograph
15(9)
Radiographic Terminology
15(1)
Position
15(1)
Projection
16(1)
Anteroposterior, Lateral, and Oblique Projections
16(1)
Viewing Radiographs
16(3)
Identification Markers
19(1)
Image Quality Factors
19(1)
Radiographic Density
19(1)
Radiographic Contrast
20(1)
Recorded Detail
21(1)
Radiographic Distortion
22(1)
Electronic Image Processing
22(2)
The Routine Radiographic Examination
24(1)
The Radiologist as the Imaging Specialist
25(1)
Other Common Studies in Musculoskeletal Imaging
25(6)
Contrast-Enhanced Radiographs
26(1)
Arthrography
26(1)
Myelography
26(1)
Conventional Tomography
26(1)
Computed Tomography
26(2)
Nuclear Imaging
28(1)
Methods of Imaging
29(1)
Radionuclide Bone Scan
30(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
31(1)
Ultrasonography
31(1)
Interventional Techniques
31(3)
Epidural Steroid Injections
32(1)
Spinal Nerve Blocks
33(1)
Radiofrequency Ablation
33(1)
Diskography
33(1)
Percutaneous Needle Biopsy of the Spine
33(1)
Percutaneous Vertebroplasty, Kyphoplasty, and Cementoplasty
34(1)
Automated Percutaneous Lumbar Diskectomy
34(1)
Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy
34(1)
The Imaging Chain
34(1)
Summary of Key Points
35(2)
Self-Test
37(2)
Chapter 2 Radiologic Evaluation, Search Patterns, and Diagnosis
39(38)
Where Does Radiologic Image Interpretation Begin?
39(1)
What Are the Pitfalls of Image Interpretation?
39(1)
What Can the Nonradiologist Offer to Image Interpretation?
39(1)
Search Pattern: The ABCs of Radiologic Analysis
40(10)
A Alignment
41(1)
1 General Skeletal Architecture
41(1)
2 General Contour of Bone
42(1)
3 Alignment of Bones Relative to Adjacent Bones
43(1)
B Bone Density
43(1)
1 General Bone Density
43(1)
2 Textural Abnormalities
44(1)
3 Local Density Changes
44(1)
C Cartilage Spaces
44(1)
1 Joint Space Width
45(1)
2 Subchondral Bone
45(1)
3 Epiphyseal Plates
45(1)
S: Soft Tissues
46(1)
1 Muscles
46(1)
2 Fat Pads and Fat Lines
47(1)
3 Joint Capsules
47(1)
4 Periosteum
48(1)
5 Miscellaneous Soft Tissue Findings
49(1)
Radiologic Diagnosis of Skeletal Pathology
50(4)
Categories of Skeletal Pathology
50(1)
Distribution of the Lesion
50(1)
Predictor Variables
51(1)
Behavior of the Lesion
51(1)
Bone or Joint Involved
51(1)
Locus Within a Bone
51(1)
Age, Gender, and Race
51(2)
Margin of Lesion
53(1)
Shape of Lesion
53(1)
Joint Space Crossed
53(1)
Bony Reaction
53(1)
Matrix Production
54(1)
Soft Tissue Changes
54(1)
History of Trauma or Surgery
54(1)
Radiologic Characteristics of Common Pathologies
54(17)
Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis
55(1)
Radiologic Features of Rheumatoid Arthritis
55(3)
Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease)
58(1)
Radiologic Features of Osteoarthritis
58(3)
Additional Findings: Soft Tissue Swelling
61(1)
Osteoporosis
61(1)
Imaging for Fracture Risk: DXA
61(1)
Etiology
61(1)
Radiologic Features of Osteoporosis
62(1)
The Pathology Problem: Image Quality Versus Disease
62(3)
Musculoskeletal Infections
65(1)
Overview of Imaging Musculoskeletal Infections
65(1)
Radiologic Features of Osteomyelitis
65(1)
Radiologic Features of Infectious Arthritis
65(1)
Radiologic Features of Cellulitis
66(1)
Bone Tumors
67(1)
Classification and Terminology
67(1)
Clinical Signs and Symptoms
68(1)
Imaging of Bone Tumors
69(1)
Bone Biopsy
69(2)
Radiographic Features of Tumors
71(1)
The Radiologic Report
71(2)
Heading
71(1)
Clinical Information
72(1)
Findings
72(1)
Conclusions
73(1)
Recommendations
73(1)
Signature
73(1)
Radiologic Report Example
73(1)
Heading
73(1)
Clinical Information
73(1)
Findings
73(1)
Conclusions
73(1)
Recommendations
73(1)
Signature
73(1)
Summary of Key Points
73(2)
Self-Test
75(2)
Chapter 3 Radiologic Evaluation of Fracture
77(36)
Trauma, the Most Common Disorder
77(1)
Trauma Radiology
77(1)
Imaging in the Primary Trauma Survey
78(1)
Radiographic Positioning for Trauma
78(1)
What Is a Fracture?
78(1)
Biomechanics of Bone
78(1)
Definition of Fracture
79(8)
Elements of Fracture Description
79(1)
Anatomic Site and Extent of the Fracture
80(1)
Type of Fracture: Complete or Incomplete
80(1)
Alignment of Fracture Fragments
81(1)
Direction of Fracture Lines
82(1)
Presence of Special Features
83(1)
Impaction Fractures
83(1)
Avulsion Fractures
83(2)
Associated Abnormalities
85(1)
Fractures Due to Abnormal Stresses or Pathological Processes
85(1)
Stress Fractures
85(1)
Pathological Fractures
86(1)
Periprosthetic Fractures
86(1)
Bone Graft Fractures
87(1)
Fractures in Children
87(4)
Location Description
87(1)
Difficulties in Assessment of Immature Bone
88(1)
Elements of Fracture Description
88(1)
Incomplete Fractures
88(1)
Epiphyseal Fractures
89(1)
Healing Factors
90(1)
Remodeling Considerations
90(1)
Anticipating Future Longitudinal Growth
91(1)
Skeletal Maturity
91(1)
Reduction and Fixation of Fractures
91(2)
Reduction
91(1)
Closed Reduction
91(1)
Open Reduction
91(1)
Fixation
92(1)
Stress Sharing/Shielding
92(1)
Fracture Healing
93(1)
Cortical Bone Healing
93(1)
Cancellous Bone Healing
93(1)
Surgically Compressed Bone Healing
93(1)
Radiologic Evaluation of Healing
94(1)
Time Frame for Fracture Healing
94(2)
Factors That Influence Rate of Fracture Healing
94(1)
Age of the Patient
94(1)
Degree of Local Trauma
95(1)
Degree of Bone Loss
95(1)
Type of Bone Involved
95(1)
Degree of Immobilization
95(1)
Infection
95(1)
Local Malignancy
95(1)
Nonmalignant Local Pathological Conditions
95(1)
Radiation Necrosis
95(1)
Avascular Necrosis
95(1)
Hormones
95(1)
Exercise and Local Stress About the Fracture
95(1)
Radiologic Examination Intervals During Fracture Healing
95(1)
Complications in Fracture Healing
96(4)
Complications at Fracture Site
96(1)
Delayed Union
96(1)
Slow Union
96(1)
Nonunion
96(1)
Malunion
96(1)
Pseudoarthrosis
96(1)
Osteomyelitis
96(1)
Avascular Necrosis
96(1)
Late-Effect Complications of Fracture
96(1)
Complex Regional Pain Syndrome
96(1)
Bone Length Discrepancy
97(1)
Associated Complications in Other Tissues
97(1)
Soft Tissue Injuries
97(1)
Arterial Injury
98(1)
Nerve Injury
98(1)
Compartment Syndrome
98(1)
Life-Threatening Complications
99(1)
Hemorrhage
100(1)
Fat Embolism
100(1)
Pulmonary Embolism
100(1)
Gas Gangrene
100(1)
Tetanus
100(1)
Commonly Missed Fractures
100(3)
Why Are Fractures Missed on Radiographs?
100(1)
Importance of the Clinical History and Evaluation
100(1)
Rule of Treatment in Fracture Management
101(1)
Which Fractures Are Missed?
101(1)
Commonly Missed Fractures of the Spine
101(1)
Commonly Missed Fractures of the Upper Extremity
101(1)
Commonly Missed Fractures of the Lower Extremity
101(2)
Summary of Key Points
103(1)
Case Study
104(3)
Self-Test
107(1)
Appendix: Fracture Eponyms
108(5)
Chapter 4 Computed Tomography
113(16)
Hilmir Agustsson
Computed Tomography
113(1)
History
113(1)
Principles of CT
113(2)
Elements of a CT Scanner
114(1)
The Gantry
114(1)
The X-Ray Source
114(1)
The Collimators
114(1)
The Detectors
114(1)
The Data Acquisition System
114(1)
The Operator Console and CT Computer
114(1)
Making the CT Image
114(1)
Scanning Process
114(1)
Converting the Data
114(1)
Different Forms of CT
115(1)
Three-Dimensional CT
115(1)
CT Myelogram
115(1)
Cone Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT)
116(1)
Viewing CT Images
116(3)
Radiodensities
116(1)
The Image
116(1)
Volume Averaging
117(1)
Viewing the Patient's Images
117(1)
Selective Imaging---Windowing
118(1)
Bone Window Versus Soft Tissue Window
118(1)
Quality of the Image
118(1)
Factors Degrading Image Quality
119(1)
Slice Thickness
119(1)
Clinical Uses of CT
119(1)
What Does CT Image Best?
120(1)
What Are the Limitations of CT?
120(1)
Summary and Future Developments
120(1)
Neuroimaging
120(7)
History
121(1)
CT Versus MRI
122(1)
CT and MRI Characteristics of the Brain
122(1)
CT Exam: Six Brain Images
122(3)
Common Cerebral Pathologies
125(2)
Summary of Key Points
127(1)
Self-Test
128(1)
Chapter 5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
129(16)
Hilmir Agustsson
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
129(4)
History
129(1)
Principles of MRI
129(1)
The Magnetic Resonance Phenomenon
129(1)
The T1 and T2 Phenomena
130(1)
T1- and T2-Weighted Imaging
130(1)
Image Information and Protocols
131(1)
Image Information
131(1)
Protocols
131(1)
Sequences
132(1)
SE Sequences
132(1)
GRE Sequences
132(1)
Use of Contrasts
133(1)
Making the MR Image
133(4)
The Elements of an MRI Scanner
133(1)
The Magnet
133(1)
Gradient Coils
133(1)
RF Coils
133(1)
The Workstation and Computer
133(1)
Open Scanners
134(1)
Upright Scanners
134(1)
Viewing MR Images
134(1)
Imaging Characteristics of Different Tissues
135(1)
The Language of the MRI Report
135(1)
Imaging Characteristics of Different Tissues
135(1)
Image Quality
136(1)
Intrinsic and Extrinsic Factors
136(1)
Clinical Uses of MRI
137(2)
What Does MRI Image Best?
137(1)
What Are the Limitations of MRI?
137(1)
Contraindications and Health Concerns
137(1)
MR Arthrography
137(1)
MR Myelography
138(1)
Comparison of MRI and CT
138(1)
Imaging Characteristics
138(1)
Advantages and Disadvantages of MRI
138(1)
Clinical Thinking Points
139(1)
Clinical Thinking Point 1 Bone Bruise---The Footprint of Injury
139(1)
Clinical Thinking Point 2 MR Imaging of Stress Fractures
139(1)
Summary and Future Developments
140(1)
Summary of Key Points
141(2)
Self-Test
143(2)
Chapter 6 Ultrasound Imaging
145(14)
Hilmir Agustsson
Ultrasound Imaging
145(1)
History
145(1)
Ultrasound in Rehabilitation
145(1)
Rehabilitative Ultrasound Imaging
146(1)
Diagnostic Ultrasound Imaging
146(1)
Principles of Diagnostic Ultrasound
146(1)
Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment
146(1)
The Pulser
146(1)
The Ultrasound Transducer
146(1)
The Scan Converter and Monitor
147(1)
Ultrasound Physics
147(1)
Production
147(1)
Reception
147(1)
The Ultrasound Beam
147(1)
Beam Characteristics
147(1)
Interaction Between Ultrasound and Tissues
147(1)
Absorption
147(1)
Reflection
147(1)
Refraction
148(1)
Scattering
148(1)
Doppler Ultrasound
148(1)
Power Doppler
149(1)
The Ultrasound Image
149(6)
Applying the Transducer
149(1)
Information Used to Create the Image
149(1)
Amplitude
149(1)
Echogenic Properties of Tissue
149(1)
Timing
149(1)
Transverse Location
149(1)
Viewing the Ultrasound Image
149(1)
Scanning Planes: Nomenclature
150(1)
Imaging Characteristics of Different Tissues
150(4)
Characteristic Abnormal Findings
154(1)
The Quality of the Image
154(1)
Lateral and Axial Resolution
154(1)
Artifacts
154(1)
Clinical Uses of Ultrasound
155(1)
General Advantages
155(1)
Imaging Characteristics---Comparison to MRI
155(1)
Muscles
155(1)
Tendons
155(1)
Ligaments
155(1)
Nerves
155(1)
Joints
155(1)
Cysts and Bursae
156(1)
Bone
156(1)
What Are the Limitations of Ultrasound?
156(1)
Future Developments
156(1)
Clinical Thinking Point---Musculoskeletal Ultrasound for the Nonradiologist
156(1)
Summary of Key Points
156(2)
Self-Test
158(1)
Chapter 7 Radiologic Evaluation of the Cervical Spine
159(52)
Review of Anatomy
160(4)
Osseous Anatomy
160(1)
Ligamentous Anatomy
161(1)
Joint Mobility
162(1)
Growth and Development
163(1)
Postural Development
163(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation
164(2)
Practice Guidelines for Spine Radiography in Children and Adults
164(1)
Goals
164(1)
Indications
165(1)
Basic Projections and Radiologic Observations
165(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Cervical Spine
166(8)
Optional Projections for Radiologic Evaluation of the Cervical Spine
174(2)
Advanced Imaging Evaluation
176(6)
Introduction to Interpreting Sectional Anatomy of CT/MRI
176(1)
Practice Guidelines for Computed Tomography of the Spine
176(1)
Indications
176(1)
Basic CT Protocol
176(1)
CT Image Interpretation of the Spine
176(1)
Variations of CT Imaging of the Cervical Spine
176(2)
Computed Tomography of the Cervical Spine
178(2)
Practice Guidelines for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spine
180(1)
Indications
180(1)
Contraindications
180(1)
Basic MRI Protocol
180(1)
MR Image Interpretation of the Cervical Spine
180(1)
Variations of MR Imaging of the Spine
181(1)
MRI of the Cervical Spine
182(2)
Trauma at the Cervical Spine
184(11)
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Cervical Spine
184(1)
Cross-Table Lateral
184(1)
Lateral Flexion and Extension Stress Views
184(1)
Radiologic Signs of Cervical Spine Trauma
184(1)
Potential Injury to the Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves
185(1)
Sfab/e Versus Unstable Injuries
185(1)
SCIWORA Syndrome
186(1)
Fractures
186(1)
Mechanism of Injury
186(2)
Characteristics of Cervical Spine Fractures
188(1)
Fractures of the Atlas (CI)
188(1)
Fractures of the Axis (C2): The Pedicles
189(1)
Fractures of the Axis: The Dens
189(1)
Fractures of C3-C7
189(1)
Dislocations
190(1)
Dislocations Associated With Fractures
190(1)
Dislocations Not Associated With Fractures
191(2)
Cervical Spine Sprains
193(1)
Hyperflexion Sprains
194(1)
Hyperextension Sprains
194(1)
Intervertebral Disk Herniations
194(1)
Acute Injury
194(1)
Degenerative Diseases of the Cervical Spine
195(4)
Degenerative Disk Disease
196(1)
Imaging
196(1)
Degenerative Joint Disease
196(1)
Imaging
196(1)
Foraminal Encroachment
196(1)
Imaging
196(1)
Cervical Spine Spondylosis
196(1)
Imaging
197(1)
Spondylosis Deformans
197(1)
Imaging
197(1)
Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis
197(1)
Imaging
197(1)
Clinical Considerations of the Degenerative Spine
198(1)
Cervical Arthroplasty: Total Disk Replacement
198(1)
Cervical Spine Anomalies
199(2)
Summary of Key Points
201(2)
Case Studies
203(5)
Self-Test
208(3)
Chapter 8 Radiologic Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint
211(22)
Hilmir Agustsson
Historical Perspective
211(3)
Causes of TMJ Disorders
211(1)
Review of Anatomy
212(1)
Osseous Anatomy
212(1)
Articular Disk
212(1)
Ligamentous Anatomy
212(1)
Articular Capsule
213(1)
Lateral and Medial Ligaments
213(1)
Posterior Ligaments
213(1)
Biomechanics of the TMJ
213(1)
Osteokinematics
213(1)
Arthrokinematics
214(1)
Imaging in the Evaluation of the TMJ
214(2)
Conventional Radiographs
215(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the TMJ
216(5)
Other Projections
218(1)
Conventional Tomography
218(1)
Computed Tomography
218(1)
Clinical Application
218(1)
Viewing CT Images
218(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
218(1)
Method and Scanning Planes
219(1)
Viewing the TMJ
220(1)
Findings on MRI
220(1)
TMJ Movements on MRI
220(1)
Ultrasound
220(1)
Pathological Conditions of the TMJ
221(2)
Osteoarthritis
221(1)
Clinical Presentation and Treatment
222(1)
Radiologic Findings
222(1)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
223(1)
Clinical Presentation and Treatment
223(1)
Imaging Findings
223(1)
Disk Displacement
223(2)
Etiology
223(1)
Clinical Presentation
223(1)
Classification
223(1)
Grading Displacements
224(1)
Radiologic Findings
224(1)
MRI of Disk Displacements
224(1)
Treatment of Disk Displacement
224(1)
Retrusion With Occlusive Force in the Treatment of Disk Displacement
225(1)
Other Disorders and Findings
225(1)
TMJ Hypermobility
225(1)
Disk Adhesion
225(1)
Fractures
225(1)
Craniomandibular Anomalies
226(1)
The TMJ and the Cervical Spine
226(3)
Positional Faults of the Cervical Spine
226(1)
Cervical Position in the Sagittal Plane
226(1)
Positional Faults in the Coronal Plane
227(1)
C1-C2 Rotational Fault
228(1)
Acknowledgment
228(1)
Summary of Key Points
229(1)
Case Study
230(2)
Self-Test
232(1)
Chapter 9 Radiologic Evaluation of the Thoracic Spine, Sternum, and Ribs
233(46)
Review of Anatomy
233(4)
Osseous Anatomy
233(1)
Thorax
233(1)
Thoracic Vertebrae
233(1)
Ribs
234(1)
Sternum
235(1)
Ligamentous Anatomy
235(1)
Thoracic Vertebral Joints
235(1)
Sternoclavicular Joint
235(1)
Rib Joints
235(1)
Joint Mobility
236(1)
Growth and Development
236(1)
Ossification of the Thoracic Vertebrae
236(1)
Radiographic Appearance of Neonate Spine
236(1)
Vertebral Ring Apophyses
237(1)
Thoracic Spine Kyphosis
237(1)
Ossification of the Sternum and Ribs
237(1)
Spinal Cord Anatomy
237(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation
237(3)
Practice Guidelines for Spine Radiography in Children and Adults
237(1)
Goals
237(2)
Indications
239(1)
Basic Projections and Radiologic Observations
239(1)
Recommended Thoracic Spine Projections
239(1)
Recommended Sternum Projections
239(1)
Recommended Rib Projections
239(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Thoracic Spine
240(4)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Sternum
244(2)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Ribs
246(2)
Advanced Imaging Evaluation
248(2)
Introduction to Interpreting Sectional Anatomy of CT/MRI
248(1)
Practice Guidelines for Computed Tomography of the Spine
248(1)
Indications
248(1)
Basic CT Protocol
248(1)
CT Image Interpretation of the Spine
248(1)
Variations of CT Imaging of the Thoracic Spine
248(2)
Computed Tomography of the Thoracic Spine
250(4)
Practice Guidelines for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spine
252(1)
Indications
252(1)
Contraindications
252(1)
Basic MRI Protocol
252(1)
MR Image Interpretation of the Thoracic Spine
252(1)
Variations of MR Imaging of the Spine
253(1)
MRI Thoracic of the Spine
254(2)
Trauma at the Thoracic Spine
256(6)
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Thoracic Spine
256(1)
The Three-Column Concept of Spinal Stability
256(1)
One- or Two-Column Injuries
256(1)
Anterior Vertebral Body Compression Fractures
256(3)
Two- or Three-Column Injuries
259(1)
Fracture-Dislocation Injuries
259(2)
Fractures of the Bony Thorax
261(1)
Rib Fractures
261(1)
Sternum Fractures
262(1)
Abnormal Conditions
262(8)
Osteoporosis
262(1)
Clinical Presentation
262(1)
Radiologic Assessment
262(1)
Treatment
263(1)
Scoliosis
263(1)
Prevalence
263(1)
Classification
263(1)
Idiopathic Scoliosis
263(1)
Curve Patterns
264(1)
Radiologic Assessment
265(1)
Advanced Imaging
265(3)
Treatment
268(1)
Tuberculous Osteomyelitis (Pott's Disease)
268(1)
Clinical Presentation
268(1)
Radiologic Assessment
268(1)
Treatment
268(1)
Scheuermann's Disease
268(1)
Clinical Presentation
269(1)
Etiology
269(1)
Radiologic Assessment
270(1)
Treatment
270(1)
Vertebral, Rib, and Sternal Anomalies
270(2)
Summary of Key Points
272(2)
Case Studies
274(4)
Self-Test
278(1)
Chapter 10 The Chest Radiograph and Cardiopulmonary Imaging
279(28)
Where Does Cardiopulmonary Imaging Begin?
279(1)
Radiographic Anatomy
279(5)
Bony Thorax
279(1)
Ribs
280(1)
Respiratory Organs
280(1)
Silhouette Sign
280(1)
The Heart
281(1)
Cardiothoracic Ratio
281(1)
The Mediastinum
282(1)
Mediastinal Shift
282(1)
Mediastinal Masses
282(1)
The Hilum
283(1)
The Diaphragm
283(1)
Hemidiaphragms
283(1)
Costophrenic Angles
284(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation
284(2)
Practice Guidelines for the Performance of Pediatric and Adult Chest Radiography
284(1)
Goals
284(1)
Indications
284(1)
Basic Projections and Radiologic Observations
284(1)
Inspiration and Expiration
284(1)
Viewing Conventions
285(1)
Reading the Chest Radiograph
285(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Chest
286(2)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Elbow
288(2)
Pathology
290(6)
Imaging Choices in Cardiopulmonary Assessment
290(1)
Diagnostic Categories
290(1)
The Lung Field Is Abnormally White
290(1)
Pneumonia
290(1)
Atelectasis
291(1)
Pleural Effusion
291(1)
The Lung Field Is Abnormally Black
292(1)
Pneumothorax
292(1)
Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
292(1)
The Mediastinum Is Abnormally Wide
293(1)
Aortic Dissection
293(1)
Mediastinal Lymphadenopathy
293(2)
The Heart Is Abnormally Shaped
295(1)
Congestive Heart Failure
295(1)
Heart Valve Disease
295(1)
Advanced Imaging
296(5)
Cardiac Ultrasound: Echocardiography
296(1)
Nuclear Medicine
297(1)
Ventilation/Perfusion Scan of the Lungs
297(1)
Nuclear Perfusion Studies of the Heart
297(2)
Multigated Acquisition (MUGA) Scan
299(1)
Conventional Angiography
299(1)
Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography
300(1)
Magnetic Resonance Angiography
300(1)
Summary of Key Points
301(1)
Case Study
302(4)
Self-Test
306(1)
Chapter 11 Radiologic Evaluation of the Lumbosacral Spine and Sacroiliac Joints
307(52)
Review of Anatomy
307(5)
Osseous Anatomy
307(1)
Lumbar Spine
307(1)
Sacrum
308(1)
Sacroiliac Joint
309(1)
Coccyx
309(1)
Ligamentous Anatomy
309(1)
Lumbar Spine
309(1)
Lumbosacral Spine
310(1)
Sacroiliac Joint
310(1)
Joint Mobility
310(1)
Lumbar Spinal Segments
310(1)
Sacroiliac Joint
310(1)
Growth and Development
311(1)
Ossification of the Lumbar Vertebrae
311(1)
Radiographic Appearance of the Neonatal Spine
311(1)
Ossification of the Sacrum
311(1)
Ossification of the Coccyx
311(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation
312(2)
Practice Guidelines for Lumbar Spine Radiography in Children and Adults
312(1)
Goals
312(1)
Indications
312(1)
Recommended Projections
312(1)
Basic Projections and Radiologic Observations
312(2)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Lumbar Spine
314(8)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Sacroiliac Joint
322(4)
Advanced Imaging Evaluation
326(2)
Introduction to Interpreting Sectional Anatomy of CT/MRI
326(1)
Practice Guidelines for Computed Tomography of the Spine
326(1)
Indications
326(1)
Basic CT Protocol
326(1)
CT Image Interpretation of the Spine
326(1)
Variations of CT Imaging of the Lumbar Spine
326(2)
Computed Tomography Lumbar Spine
328(4)
Practice Guidelines for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spine
331(1)
Indications
331(1)
Contraindications
331(1)
Basic MRI Protocol
331(1)
MR Image Interpretation of the Lumbar Spine
331(2)
Variations of MR Imaging of the Spine
333
MRI Lumbar Spine
332(2)
Trauma at the Lumbar Spine
334(3)
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Lumbar Spine
334(1)
Fractures of the Lumbar Spine
334(1)
Spondylolysis
334(1)
Mechanism of Injury
334(1)
Clinical Presentation
334(1)
Radiologic Findings
334(1)
Advanced Imaging
334(1)
Treatment
334(1)
Complications
334(2)
Spondylolisthesis
336(1)
Incidence
336(1)
Etiology
336(1)
Clinical Presentation
336(1)
Radiologic Findings
336(1)
Grading Spondylolisthesis
337(1)
Treatment
337(1)
Degenerative Conditions at the Lumbar Spine
337(9)
Clinical Considerations of the Degenerative Spine
339(1)
Lumbar Stenosis
339(1)
Classification
340(1)
Incidence
340(1)
Etiology
341(1)
Clinical Presentation
341(1)
Radiologic Findings
341(1)
Advanced Imaging
341(1)
Treatment
342(1)
Intervertebral Disk Herniations
342(1)
Incidence
343(1)
Etiology
343(1)
Clinical Presentation
343(1)
Nomenclature for Disk Herniation
343(1)
Radiologic Findings
344(1)
Advanced Imaging
345(1)
Treatment
345(1)
Sacroiliac Joint Pathology
346(1)
Ligamentous Injury
346(1)
Degenerative Joint Disease
346(1)
Sacroiliitis
346(1)
Ankylosing Spondylitis
347(1)
Lumbosacral Anomalies
347(3)
Facet Tropism
347(1)
Aberrant Transitional Vertebrae
348(1)
Spina Bifida
349(1)
Spina Bifida Occulta
349(1)
Spina Bifida Vera
349(1)
Summary of Key Points
350(2)
Case Studies
352(5)
Self-Test
357(2)
Chapter 12 Radiologic Evaluation of the Pelvis and Hip
359(46)
Review of Anatomy
359(3)
Osseous Anatomy
359(1)
Pelvis
359(1)
Proximal Femur
360(1)
Ligamentous Anatomy
360(1)
Hip Joint
360(1)
Joint Mobility
361(1)
Growth and Development
361(1)
Pelvis
361(1)
Proximal Femur
361(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation
362(2)
Practice Guidelines for Extremity Radiography in Children and Adults
362(1)
Goals
363(1)
Indications
363(1)
Recommended Projections
363(1)
Basic Projections and Radiologic Observations
363(1)
Pelvis
363(1)
Hips
363(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Pelvis
364(2)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Hip and Proximal Femur
366(4)
Advanced Imaging Evaluation
370(2)
Introduction to Interpreting Hip Sectional Anatomy
370(1)
Practice Guidelines for CT of the Hip
370(1)
Indications
370(1)
Basic CT Protocol
370(1)
CT Image Interpretation of the Hip
370(2)
Computed Tomography of the Hip
372(4)
Practice Guidelines for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Hip
374(1)
Indications
374(1)
Contraindications
374(1)
Basic MRI Protocol
374(1)
MR Image Interpretation of the Hip
375(1)
Variations of MR Imaging of the Hip
375(1)
MRI of the Hip
376(2)
Trauma at the Pelvis and Hip
378(8)
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Pelvis and Hip
378(1)
Low-Energy Injuries
378(1)
High-Energy Injuries
378(1)
Fractures of the Pelvis
378(1)
Mechanism of Injury
378(1)
Classifications
378(2)
Imaging Evaluation
380(1)
Complications
380(1)
Treatment
380(1)
Fractures of the Acetabulum
381(1)
Mechanism of Injury
381(1)
Classification
381(1)
Imaging Evaluation
382(1)
Complications
382(1)
Treatment
382(1)
Fractures of the Proximal Femur
383(1)
Incidence and Mechanism of Injury
383(1)
Imaging Evaluation
383(1)
Classification
383(1)
Hip Dislocation
384(1)
Imaging Evaluation
384(1)
Complications
384(1)
Treatment
385(1)
Pathological Conditions at the Hip
386(11)
Degenerative Joint Disease of the Hip
386(1)
Etiology
386(1)
Clinical Presentation
386(1)
Radiologic Findings
386(1)
Treatment
387(1)
Functional Leg Length
387(1)
Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hip
388(1)
Clinical Presentation
388(1)
Radiologic Findings
389(1)
Treatment
389(1)
Avascular Necrosis of the Proximal Femur
389(1)
Etiology
389(1)
Clinical Presentation
390(1)
Radiologic Findings
391(1)
Advanced Imaging
391(1)
Treatment
392(1)
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis
392(1)
Etiology
392(1)
Clinical Presentation
392(1)
Radiologic Findings
392(1)
Treatment
392(1)
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip
392(1)
Etiology
392(1)
Clinical Presentation
392(1)
Imaging Findings
393(1)
Treatment
393(1)
Femoroacetabular Impingement With Labral Pathology
393(1)
Etiology
394(1)
Clinical Presentation
394(1)
Radiologic Findings
395(1)
Treatment
395(2)
Summary of Key Points
397(1)
Case Studies
398(5)
Self-Test
403(2)
Chapter 13 Radiologic Evaluation of the Knee
405(48)
Review of Anatomy
405(4)
Osseous Anatomy
405(1)
Distal Femur
405(1)
Patella
406(1)
Proximal Tibia
406(1)
Fibula
407(1)
Ligamentous Anatomy
407(1)
Joint Mobility
407(1)
Femorotibial Osteokinematics
407(1)
Femorotibial Arthrokinematics
408(1)
Patellofemoral Joint Biomechanics
408(1)
Tibiofibular Joint Biomechanics
409(1)
Growth and Development
409(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation
409(3)
Practice Guidelines for Knee Radiography in Children and Adults
409(1)
Goals
409(1)
Indications
409(1)
Basic Projections and Radiologic Observations
409(3)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Knee
412(8)
Additional Views Related to the Knee
420(1)
Oblique Views of the Knee
420(1)
Advanced Imaging Evaluation
420(2)
Introduction to Interpreting Knee Sectional Anatomy
420(1)
Practice Guidelines for CT of the Knee
420(1)
Indications
420(1)
Basic CT Protocol
420(1)
CT Image Interpretation of the Knee
421(1)
Commuted Tomography of the Knee
422(4)
Practice Guidelines for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Knee
424(1)
Indications
424(1)
Contraindications
424(1)
Basic MRI Protocol
424(1)
MR Image Interpretation of the Knee
425(1)
Variations of MR Imaging of the Knee
425(1)
MRI of the Knee
426(2)
Trauma at the Knee
428(12)
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Knee
428(1)
Fractures
428(1)
Fractures of the Distal Femur
428(1)
Fractures of the Proximal Tibia
429(2)
Fractures of the Patella
431(1)
Patellofemoral Subluxations
432(1)
Radiologic Evaluation
432(1)
Treatment
433(1)
Injury to the Articular Cartilage
434(1)
Osteochondral Fracture
434(1)
Osteochondritis Dissecans (OCD)
434(1)
Spontaneous Osteonecrosis
435(1)
Meniscal Tears
435(1)
Clinical Presentation
435(1)
Mechanism of Injury
435(1)
Imaging Evaluation
436(1)
Treatment
436(1)
Injury to the Ligaments
436(1)
Tears of the Collateral Ligaments
436(1)
Tears of the Cruciate Ligaments
437(1)
Trauma at the Patellar Ligament
437(3)
Degenerative Joint Disease
440(2)
Radiologic Evaluation
441(1)
Location of DJD
442(1)
Treatment
442(1)
Knee Anomalies
442(3)
Genu Valgum
442(1)
Genu Varum
443(1)
Radiologic Findings
443(2)
Genu Recurvatum
445(1)
Summary of Key Points
445(2)
Case Studies
447(5)
Self-Test
452(1)
Chapter 14 Radiologic Evaluation of the Ankle and Foot
453(54)
Review of Anatomy
453(3)
Osseous Anatomy
453(1)
Ankle
453(1)
Foot
453(1)
Ligamentous Anatomy
454(1)
Ligaments of the Ankle
454(2)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation
456(2)
Practice Guidelines for Ankle and Foot Radiography in Children and Adults
456(1)
Goals
456(1)
Indications
457(1)
Basic Projections and Radiologic Observations
457(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Ankle
458(8)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Foot
466(6)
Advanced Imaging Evaluation
472(2)
Introduction to Interpreting Ankle and Foot Sectional Anatomy
472(1)
Practice Guidelines for CT of the Ankle and Foot
472(1)
Indications
472(1)
Basic CT Protocol
472(1)
CT Image Interpretation of the Ankle or Foot
473(1)
Computed Tomography of the Ankle
474(4)
Practice Guidelines for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Ankle and Hindfoot
476(1)
Indications
476(1)
Contraindications
476(1)
Basic MRI Protocol
476(1)
Magic Angle Effect and Positioning
476(1)
Sequences
476(1)
MR Image Interpretation of the Ankle and Foot
477(1)
Variations of MR Imaging of the Ankle and Foot
477(1)
MRI of the Ankle
478(2)
Additional Magnetic Resonance Images of the Ankle and Foot
480(2)
Trauma at the Ankle and Foot
482(8)
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Ankle and Foot
482(1)
Advanced Imaging for Ankle and Foot Trauma
482(1)
Sprains at the Ankle
482(1)
Inversion Sprains
482(1)
Eversion Sprains
482(1)
Associated Injuries
482(1)
Imaging Evaluation
482(1)
Treatment
483(1)
Tendon Pathology
483(2)
Imaging Evaluation
485(1)
Treatment
486(1)
Fractures at the Ankle
486(1)
Mechanism of Injury
486(1)
Classification
486(1)
Radiologic Evaluation
486(1)
Treatment
486(1)
Complications
487(1)
Fractures of the Foot
487(1)
Hindfoot Fractures
487(1)
Midfoot Fractures
488(1)
Forefoot Fractures
489(1)
Deformities of the Foot
490(7)
Radiologic Evaluation
490(1)
Hallux Valgus
491(1)
Clinical Presentation
491(1)
Radiologic Evaluation
491(1)
Treatment
491(1)
Pes Cavus
491(1)
Etiology
491(1)
Clinical Presentation
492(1)
Radiologic Evaluation
492(1)
Treatment
492(1)
Pes Planus
493(1)
Classification
493(1)
Flat Feet in Children
493(1)
Etiology
493(1)
Clinical Presentation
493(2)
Radiologic Evaluation
495(1)
Treatment
495(1)
Talipes Equinovarus
495(1)
Etiology
495(1)
Clinical Presentation
496(1)
Radiologic Evaluation
496(1)
Treatment
496(1)
Foot Anomalies
497(2)
Accessory Bones
497(2)
Summary of Key Points
499(1)
Case Studies
500(4)
Self-Test
504(3)
Chapter 15 Radiologic Evaluation of the Shoulder
507(48)
Review of Anatomy
507(2)
Osseous Anatomy
507(1)
Humerus
507(1)
Scapula
507(1)
Clavicle
508(1)
Ligamentous Anatomy
508(1)
Glenohumeral Joint
508(1)
Acromioclavicular Joint
508(1)
Joint Mobility
508(1)
Growth and Development
509(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation
509(3)
Practice Guidelines for Shoulder Radiography in Children and Adults
509(1)
Goals
509(1)
Indications
510(1)
Basic Projections and Radiologic Observations
511(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Shoulder
512(4)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Acromioclavicular Joint
516(2)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Scapula
518(4)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation
522(2)
Advanced Imaging Evaluation
524(2)
Introduction to Interpreting Shoulder Sectional Anatomy
524(1)
Practice Guidelines for CT of the Shoulder
524(1)
Indications
524(1)
Basic CT Protocol
524(1)
CT Image Interpretation of the Shoulder
524(2)
Computed Tomography of the Shoulder
526(4)
Practice Guidelines for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Shoulder
528(1)
Indications
528(1)
Contraindications
528(1)
Basic MRI Protocol
528(1)
MR Arthrography
529(1)
MR Image Interpretation of the Shoulder
529(1)
MRI of the Shoulder
530(2)
Trauma at the Shoulder
532(12)
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Shoulder
532(1)
Fractures of the Proximal Humerus
532(1)
Mechanism of Injury
532(1)
Classification
532(1)
Pathological Fractures
533(1)
Radiologic Evaluation
533(1)
Treatment
533(1)
Complications
533(1)
Fractures of the Clavicle
533(1)
Mechanism of Injury
533(1)
Classification
534(1)
Radiologic Evaluation
534(1)
Treatment
535(1)
Complications
535(1)
Fractures of the Scapula
535(1)
Mechanism of Injury
535(1)
Classification
535(1)
Radiologic Evaluation
535(1)
Treatment
535(1)
Complications
536(1)
Dislocations of the Glenohumeral Joint
536(1)
Mechanism of Injury
536(1)
Classification
536(1)
Radiologic Evaluation
536(1)
Treatment
536(1)
Complications
537(1)
Acromioclavicular Joint Separation
537(1)
Mechanism of Injury
537(1)
Classification
538(1)
Radiologic Evaluation
538(1)
Treatment
539(1)
Complications
539(1)
Rotator Cuff Tears
539(1)
Mechanism of Injury
539(1)
Classification
539(1)
Imaging Evaluation
539(2)
Treatment
541(1)
Complications
541(1)
Glenoid Labrum Tears
541(1)
Mechanism of Injury
541(1)
Classification
541(1)
Imaging Evaluation
542(2)
Treatment
544(1)
Abnormal Conditions
544(2)
Impingement Syndrome
544(1)
Imaging Evaluation
544(1)
Treatment
544(1)
Adhesive Capsulitis
544(1)
Classification
545(1)
Clinical Presentation
545(1)
Imaging Evaluation
545(1)
Treatment
545(1)
Complications
546(1)
Summary of Key Points
546(1)
Case Studies
547(5)
Self-Test
552(3)
Chapter 16 Radiologic Evaluation of the Elbow
555(38)
Review of Anatomy
555(2)
Osseous Anatomy
555(1)
Elbow Joint
555(1)
Distal Humerus
555(1)
Proximal Ulna
555(1)
Proximal Radius
556(1)
Forearm
556(1)
Ligamentous Anatomy
556(1)
Joint Mobility
556(1)
Growth and Development
556(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation
557(1)
Practice Guidelines for Radiography of the Elbow in Children and Adults
557(1)
Goals
557(1)
Indications
557(1)
Basic Projections and Radiologic Observations
557(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Elbow
558(6)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Forearm
564(2)
Advanced Imaging Evaluation
566(2)
Introduction to Interpreting Elbow Sectional Anatomy
566(1)
Practice Guidelines for CT of the Elbow
566(1)
Indications
566(1)
Basic CT Protocol
566(1)
CT Image Interpretation of the Elbow
566(2)
Computed Tomography of the Elbow
568(4)
Practice Guidelines for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Elbow
570(1)
Indications
570(1)
Contraindications
570(1)
Basic MRI Protocol
570(1)
MR Arthrography
571(1)
MR Image Interpretation of the Elbow
571(1)
MRI of the Elbow
572(13)
Trauma at the Elbow
574(2)
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Elbow
576(1)
Radiographic Soft Tissue Signs of Trauma
576(1)
Fractures and Dislocations
576(1)
Mechanism of Injury
576(1)
Fractures of the Distal Humerus
576(2)
Fractures of the Radial Head
578(1)
Fractures of the Proximal Ulna
579(1)
Fractures of the Forearm
580(1)
Dislocations of the Elbow
580(2)
Abnormal Conditions at the Elbow
582(1)
Epicondylitis
582(1)
Imaging Evaluation
583(1)
Treatment
583(1)
Osteochondritis Dissecans
583(1)
Imaging Evaluation
583(1)
Treatment
584(1)
Summary of Key Points
585(1)
Case Studies
586(5)
Self-Test
591(2)
Chapter 17 Radiologic Evaluation of the Hand and Wrist
593(60)
Review of Anatomy
593(3)
Osseous Anatomy
593(1)
Joints and Ligaments of the Hand and Wrist
594(1)
Interphalangeal Joints
594(1)
Metacarpophalangeal Joints
594(1)
Intermetacarpal Joints
594(1)
Carpometacarpal Joints
594(1)
Intercarpal Joints
594(1)
Radiocarpal Joint
594(1)
Joint Mobility
595(1)
Growth and Development
595(1)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation
596(2)
Practice Guidelines for Extremity Radiography in Children and Adults
596(1)
Goals
596(1)
Indications
596(1)
Basic Projections and Radiologic Observations
596(2)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Hand
598(6)
Routine Radiologic Evaluation of the Wrist
604(9)
Advanced Imaging Evaluation
613(9)
Practice Guidelines for CT of the Wrist
613(1)
Basic CT Protocol
613(1)
Variations in CT Imaging of the Wrist
614(1)
CT Image Interpretation of the Wrist
614(4)
Practice Guidelines for Magnetic resonance Imaging of the Wrist
618(1)
Indications
618(1)
Contraindications
618(1)
Basic MRI Protocol
618(1)
MR Arthrography
619(1)
MR Image Interpretation of the Wrist
619(3)
Trauma at the Hand and Wrist
622(8)
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Hand and Wrist
622(1)
The ACR Appropriateness Guidelines
622(1)
Genera/Treatment Principles
622(1)
Methods of Immobilization
622(1)
Clinical Considerations and Pitfalls
623(1)
Phalangeal Fractures
623(1)
Metacarpal Fractures
623(2)
Thumb Metacarpal Fractures
625(1)
Fractures of the Wrist
625(1)
Carpal Fractures
625(3)
Fractures of the Distal Radius
628(1)
Incidence
628(1)
Eponyms for Distal Radial Fractures
628(1)
Clinical Considerations
628(1)
Imaging
629(1)
Treatment
630(1)
Wrist Instability
630(9)
Imaging Techniques to Diagnose Instability
630(1)
Routine Radiographs
630(1)
Functional Radiographs
631(1)
Cineradiography Motion Studies
632(2)
Advanced Imaging Techniques
634(1)
Instability of the Distal Radioulnar Joint
634(1)
Clinical Presentation
634(1)
Clinical Considerations Related to Distal Radial Fracture
635(1)
Clinical Considerations Related to Other Injuries
635(1)
Treatment of DRUJ Instability
635(1)
Classification of Carpal Instabilities
636(1)
Carpal Instability Dissociative (CID)
637(1)
Carpal Instability Nondissociative (CIND)
638(1)
Carpal Instability Combined (CIC)
639(1)
Soft Tissue Disorders
639(3)
Pathology of Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex
639(1)
Classification Systems
640(1)
Clinical Presentation
640(1)
Imaging
641(1)
Treatment
641(1)
Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
641(1)
Clinical Presentation
642(1)
Diagnostic Modalities
642(1)
Treatment
642(1)
Arthritides
642(2)
Degenerative Joint Disease
642(1)
Radiologic Characteristics
642(1)
Basal Joint Arthritis
642(1)
Treatment
643(1)
Rheumatoid Arthritis
643(1)
Radiologic Characteristics
643(1)
Treatment
643(1)
Summary of Key Points
644(1)
Case Studies
645(6)
Self-Test
651(2)
Chapter 18 Integration of Imaging Into Physical Therapy Practice
653(20)
J. Bradley Ban
Changing Perspectives on Diagnostic Imaging in Physical Therapy Education
653(2)
The Traditional Model
653(1)
An Evolving Model
653(1)
Vision Statement 2020
654(1)
Evidence Supporting Increased Imaging Education
655(1)
A New Perception Emerges
655(1)
The Physical Therapist as a Primary Care Provider in the United States
655(3)
The Physical Therapist as the Referral Source
655(1)
The Physical Therapist as an Educated User of Diagnostic Imaging
656(1)
The U.S. Military Health System
656(1)
Other Practice Environments in the United States
656(1)
Access to Imaging and Relationships With Physicians
656(1)
Primary Care "Teams"
656(1)
Private Practice
657(1)
Referral to a Radiologist
657(1)
State Practice/lets
657(1)
Undefined Issues
658(1)
Physiotherapists and Diagnostic Imaging Outside the United States
658(1)
The Role of Imaging in the Diagnostic Process
659(1)
When to Recommend Imaging
659(1)
Value of the Information
659(1)
Sensitivity and Specificity
659(1)
Factors Affecting the Value of an Imaging Study
660(1)
Inconsistencies Between Imaging Results and Clinical Examination
660(1)
Clinical Decision-Making and Clinical Practice Guidelines
660(4)
Hypothetico-Deductive Reasoning
660(1)
Clinical Decision Rules and Appropriateness Guidelines
660(4)
The Role of Imaging in Physical Therapy Intervention
664(1)
What Do Physical Therapists Look For?
664(1)
Incorporating Imaging Into Treatment Planning
664(1)
What Does the Future Hold?
665(1)
Summary of Key Points
665(1)
Case Studies
666(6)
Self-Test
672(1)
Answers to Self-Test Questions 673(6)
Index 679