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Chapter 1 General Principles of Musculoskeletal Imaging |
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1 | (38) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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What Is Musculoskeletal Imaging? |
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2 | (1) |
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2 | (2) |
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Turn-of-the-Century Sensationalism |
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2 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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3 | (1) |
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4 | (1) |
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The 1990s and into the 21st Century |
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4 | (1) |
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4 | (3) |
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4 | (1) |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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Image Receptors: Different Ways to Capture the X-Rays |
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7 | (3) |
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The Gold Standard: Film/Screen Radiography |
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7 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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9 | (1) |
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10 | (5) |
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10 | (1) |
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Radiodensity as a Function of Composition: Anatomy in Four Shades of Gray |
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11 | (1) |
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Radiodensity as a Function of Thickness |
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12 | (1) |
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How Many Dimensions Can You See? |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (1) |
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15 | (9) |
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15 | (1) |
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Anteroposterior, Lateral, and Oblique Projections |
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16 | (1) |
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16 | (3) |
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19 | (1) |
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19 | (5) |
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The Routine Radiographic Examination |
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24 | (1) |
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The Radiologist as the Imaging Specialist |
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25 | (1) |
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Other Common Studies in Musculoskeletal Imaging |
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25 | (6) |
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Contrast-Enhanced Radiographs |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (2) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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Interventional Techniques |
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31 | (3) |
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Epidural Steroid Injections |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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33 | (1) |
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Percutaneous Needle Biopsy of the Spine |
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34 | (1) |
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Percutaneous Vertebroplasty, Kyphoplasty, and Cementoplasty |
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34 | (1) |
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Automated Percutaneous Lumbar Diskectomy |
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34 | (1) |
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Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (2) |
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37 | (2) |
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Chapter 2 Radiologic Evaluation, Search Patterns, and Diagnosis |
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39 | (38) |
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Where Does Radiologic Image Interpretation Begin? |
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39 | (1) |
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What Are the Pitfalls of Image Interpretation? |
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39 | (1) |
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What Can the Nonradiologist Offer to Image Interpretation? |
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39 | (1) |
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Search Pattern: The ABCS of Radiologic Analysis |
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40 | (10) |
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41 | (2) |
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43 | (1) |
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44 | (2) |
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46 | (4) |
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Radiologic Diagnosis of Skeletal Pathology |
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50 | (4) |
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Categories of Skeletal Pathology |
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50 | (1) |
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Distribution of the Lesion |
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50 | (1) |
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51 | (3) |
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Radiologic Characteristics of Common Pathologies |
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54 | (17) |
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Adult Rheumatoid Arthritis |
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55 | (3) |
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Osteoarthritis (Degenerative Joint Disease) |
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58 | (3) |
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61 | (4) |
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Musculoskeletal Infections |
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65 | (2) |
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67 | (4) |
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71 | (2) |
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71 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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Radiologic Report Example |
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73 | (1) |
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73 | (2) |
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75 | (2) |
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Chapter 3 Radiologic Evaluation of Fracture |
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77 | (36) |
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Trauma, the Most Common Disorder |
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77 | (1) |
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77 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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78 | (1) |
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79 | (1) |
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Elements of Fracture Description |
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79 | (8) |
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Anatomic Site and Extent of the Fracture |
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80 | (1) |
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Type of Fracture: Complete or Incomplete |
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80 | (1) |
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Alignment of Fracture Fragments |
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81 | (1) |
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Direction of Fracture Lines |
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82 | (1) |
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Presence of Special Features |
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83 | (2) |
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85 | (1) |
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Fractures Caused by Abnormal Stresses or Pathological Processes |
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85 | (2) |
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87 | (4) |
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87 | (1) |
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Difficulties in Assessment of Immature Bone |
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88 | (1) |
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Elements of Fracture Description |
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88 | (2) |
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90 | (1) |
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Reduction and Fixation of Fractures |
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91 | (2) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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93 | (1) |
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Surgically Compressed Bone Healing |
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93 | (1) |
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Radiologic Evaluation of Healing |
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94 | (1) |
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Time Frame for Fracture Healing |
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94 | (2) |
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Factors That Influence Rate of Fracture Healing |
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94 | (1) |
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Radiologic Examination Intervals During Fracture Healing |
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95 | (1) |
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Complications in Fracture Healing |
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96 | (4) |
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Complications at Fracture Site |
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96 | (1) |
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Late-Effect Complications of Fracture |
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96 | (1) |
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Associated Complications in Other Tissues |
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97 | (3) |
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Life-Threatening Complications |
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100 | (1) |
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Commonly Missed Fractures |
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100 | (3) |
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Why Are Fractures Missed on Radiographs? |
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100 | (1) |
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Which Fractures Are Missed? |
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101 | (2) |
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103 | (1) |
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104 | (3) |
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107 | (1) |
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Appendix: Fracture Eponyms |
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108 | (5) |
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Chapter 4 Computed Tomography |
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113 | (16) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (2) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (3) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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Viewing the Patient's Images |
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117 | (1) |
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Selective Imaging--Windowing |
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117 | (1) |
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118 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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119 | (1) |
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What Are the Limitations of CT? |
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120 | (1) |
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Summary and Future Developments |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (6) |
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120 | (1) |
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120 | (1) |
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CT and MRI Characteristics of the Brain |
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121 | (1) |
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CT Exam: Six Brain Images |
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121 | (1) |
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Common Cerebral Pathological Conditions |
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121 | (5) |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (2) |
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Chapter 5 Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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129 | (16) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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129 | (3) |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (2) |
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Image Information and Protocols |
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131 | (1) |
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132 | (1) |
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Making the Magnetic Resonance Image |
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132 | (5) |
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The Elements of an MRI Scanner |
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132 | (2) |
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Viewing Magnetic Resonance Images |
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134 | (1) |
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Imaging Characteristics of Different Tissues |
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134 | (3) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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What Does MRI Image Best? |
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137 | (1) |
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What Are the Limitations of MRI? |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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Magnetic Resonance Arthrography |
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138 | (1) |
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Magnetic Resonance Myelography |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (1) |
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139 | (2) |
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Clinical Thinking Point 1: Bone Bruise-The Footprint of Injury |
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139 | (1) |
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Clinical Thinking Point 2: Magnetic Resonance Imaging of Stress Fractures |
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140 | (1) |
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Summary and Future Developments |
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141 | (1) |
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142 | (1) |
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143 | (2) |
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Chapter 6 Ultrasound Imaging |
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145 | (14) |
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145 | (1) |
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145 | (1) |
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Ultrasound in Rehabilitation |
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145 | (1) |
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Principles of Diagnostic Ultrasound |
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146 | (1) |
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Diagnostic Ultrasound Equipment |
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146 | (1) |
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146 | (1) |
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The Ultrasound Transducer |
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146 | (1) |
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The Scan Converter and Monitor |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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147 | (1) |
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Interaction Between Ultrasound and Tissues |
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147 | (2) |
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147 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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148 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (1) |
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149 | (6) |
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149 | (1) |
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Information Used to Create the Image |
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149 | (1) |
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Viewing the Ultrasound Image |
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150 | (4) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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Clinical Uses of Ultrasound |
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155 | (1) |
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155 | (1) |
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Imaging Characteristics--Comparison with MRI |
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155 | (1) |
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What Are the Limitations of Ultrasound? |
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156 | (1) |
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156 | (1) |
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Clinical Thinking Point--Musculoskeletal Ultrasound for the Nonradiologist |
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156 | (1) |
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157 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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Chapter 7 Radiologic Evaluation of the Cervical Spine |
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159 | (54) |
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160 | (4) |
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160 | (1) |
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161 | (1) |
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162 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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163 | (1) |
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Routine Radiologic Evaluation |
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164 | (14) |
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Practice Parameters for Spine Radiography in Children and Adults |
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164 | (1) |
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Basic Projections and Radiologic Observations |
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165 | (13) |
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Advanced Imaging Evaluation |
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178 | (8) |
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Introduction to Interpreting Sectional Anatomy of CT/MRI |
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178 | (1) |
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Practice Parameters for Computed Tomography of the Spine |
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178 | (1) |
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178 | (4) |
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Practice Parameters for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spine |
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182 | (1) |
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182 | (4) |
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Trauma at the Cervical Spine |
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186 | (12) |
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Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Cervical Spine |
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186 | (1) |
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Potential Injury to the Spinal Cord and Spinal Nerves |
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187 | (1) |
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188 | (1) |
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188 | (4) |
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192 | (4) |
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196 | (1) |
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Intervertebral Disk Herniations |
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196 | (2) |
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Degenerative Diseases of the Cervical Spine |
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198 | (3) |
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Degenerative Disk Disease |
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198 | (1) |
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Degenerative Joint Disease |
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198 | (1) |
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198 | (1) |
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Cervical Spine Spondylosis |
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199 | (1) |
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199 | (1) |
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Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Hyperostosis |
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200 | (1) |
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Clinical Considerations of the |
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200 | (1) |
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201 | (3) |
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204 | (2) |
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206 | (5) |
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211 | (2) |
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Chapter 8 Radiologic Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint |
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213 | (22) |
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213 | (1) |
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Causes of Temporomandibular Joint Disorders |
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213 | (1) |
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214 | (3) |
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214 | (1) |
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214 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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Biomechanics of the Temporomandibular Joint |
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216 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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Imaging in the Evaluation of the Temporomandibular Joint |
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217 | (7) |
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217 | (3) |
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220 | (2) |
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Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
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222 | (11) |
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233 | |
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Pathological Conditions of the Temporomandibular Joint |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (2) |
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225 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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226 | (1) |
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MRI of Disk Displacements |
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226 | (1) |
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Treatment of Disk Displacement |
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226 | (1) |
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Other Disorders and Findings |
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227 | (1) |
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Temporomandibular Joint Hypermobility |
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227 | (1) |
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227 | (1) |
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228 | (1) |
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Craniomandibular Anomalies |
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228 | (1) |
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The Temporomandibular Joint and the Cervical Spine |
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228 | (3) |
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Positional Faults of the Cervical Spine |
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228 | (2) |
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Positional Faults in the Coronal Plane |
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230 | (1) |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (1) |
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Chapter 9 Radiologic Evaluation of the Thoracic Spine, Sternum, and Ribs |
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235 | (46) |
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235 | (6) |
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235 | (2) |
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237 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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238 | (1) |
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239 | (2) |
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Routine Radiologic Evaluation |
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241 | (9) |
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Practice Parameters for Spine Radiography in Children and Adults |
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241 | (1) |
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Standard Projections and Radiologic Observations |
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241 | (9) |
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Advanced Imaging Evaluation |
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250 | (4) |
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Introduction to Interpreting Sectional Anatomy of CT/MRI |
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250 | (1) |
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Practice Parameters for Computed Tomography of the Spine |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (4) |
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Practice Parameters for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spine |
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254 | (4) |
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254 | (4) |
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Trauma at the Thoracic Spine |
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258 | (6) |
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Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Thoracic Spine |
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258 | (1) |
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The Three-Column Concept of Spinal Stability |
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258 | (1) |
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One- or Two-Column Injuries |
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258 | (3) |
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Two- or Three-Column Injuries |
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261 | (2) |
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Fractures of the Bony Thorax |
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263 | (1) |
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Abnormal Conditions (Non-traumatic) |
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264 | (8) |
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264 | (1) |
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265 | (5) |
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Tuberculous Osteomyelitis (Pott's Disease) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (2) |
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Vertebral, Rib, and Sternal Anomalies |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (2) |
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276 | (4) |
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280 | (1) |
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Chapter 10 The Chest Radiograph and Cardiopulmonary Imaging |
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281 | (28) |
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Where Does Cardiopulmonary Imaging Begin? |
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281 | (1) |
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281 | (5) |
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281 | (1) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (1) |
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284 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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285 | (1) |
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Routine Radiologic Evaluation |
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286 | (6) |
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Practice Parameters for the Performance of Pediatric and Adult Chest Radiography |
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286 | (1) |
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Basic Projections and Radiologic Observations |
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286 | (6) |
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292 | (6) |
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Imaging Choices in Cardiopulmonary Assessment |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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The Lung Field Is Abnormally White |
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292 | (2) |
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The Lung Field Is Abnormally Black |
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294 | (1) |
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The Mediastinum Is Abnormally Wide |
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295 | (2) |
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The Heart Is Abnormally Shaped |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (5) |
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Ultrasound of the Heart: Echocardiography |
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298 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (1) |
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300 | (1) |
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Computed Tomography Pulmonary Angiography |
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301 | (1) |
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Magnetic Resonance Angiography |
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302 | (1) |
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303 | (1) |
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304 | (4) |
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308 | (1) |
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Chapter 11 Radiologic Evaluation of the Lumbosacral Spine and Sacroiliac Joints |
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309 | (52) |
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309 | (5) |
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309 | (2) |
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311 | (1) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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Routine Radiologic Evaluation |
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314 | (14) |
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Practice Parameters for Lumbar Spine Radiography in Children and Adults |
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314 | (1) |
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Standard Projections and Radiologic Observations |
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314 | (14) |
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Advanced Imaging Evaluation |
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328 | (8) |
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Introduction to Interpreting Sectional Anatomy |
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328 | (1) |
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Practice Parameters for Computed Tomography of the Spine |
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328 | (1) |
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328 | (5) |
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Practice Parameters for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Spine |
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333 | (1) |
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333 | (3) |
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Trauma at the Lumbar Spine |
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336 | (3) |
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Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Lumbar Spine |
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336 | (1) |
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Fractures of the Lumbar Spine |
|
|
336 | (1) |
|
|
|
336 | (2) |
|
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
Degenerative Conditions at the Lumbar Spine |
|
|
339 | (9) |
|
Clinical Considerations of the Degenerative Spine |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
|
341 | (3) |
|
Intervertebral Disk Herniations |
|
|
344 | (4) |
|
Sacroiliac Joint Pathology |
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
|
|
348 | (1) |
|
Degenerative Joint Disease |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
|
349 | (3) |
|
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Aberrant Transitional Vertebrae |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
|
350 | (2) |
|
|
|
352 | (2) |
|
|
|
354 | (5) |
|
|
|
359 | (2) |
|
Chapter 12 Radiologic Evaluation of the Pelvis and Hip |
|
|
361 | (46) |
|
|
|
|
|
361 | (3) |
|
|
|
361 | (1) |
|
|
|
362 | (1) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
|
|
363 | (1) |
|
Routine Radiologic Evaluation |
|
|
364 | (8) |
|
Practice Parameter for Extremity Radiography in Children and Adults |
|
|
364 | (1) |
|
Standard Projections and Radiologic Observations |
|
|
365 | (7) |
|
Additional Views Related to the Hip |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Advanced Imaging Evaluation |
|
|
372 | (8) |
|
Introduction to Interpreting Hip Sectional Anatomy |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
Practice Parameter for CT of the Hip |
|
|
372 | (1) |
|
|
|
372 | (4) |
|
Practice Parameter for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Hip |
|
|
376 | (1) |
|
|
|
376 | (4) |
|
Trauma at the Pelvis and Hip |
|
|
380 | (8) |
|
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Pelvis and Hip |
|
|
380 | (1) |
|
|
|
380 | (3) |
|
Fractures of the Acetabulum |
|
|
383 | (2) |
|
Fractures of the Proximal Femur |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
|
|
386 | (2) |
|
Pathological Conditions at the Hip |
|
|
388 | (11) |
|
Degenerative Joint Disease of the Hip |
|
|
388 | (2) |
|
Rheumatoid Arthritis of the Hip |
|
|
390 | (1) |
|
Avascular Necrosis of the Proximal Femur |
|
|
391 | (3) |
|
Slipped Capital Femoral Epiphysis |
|
|
394 | (1) |
|
Developmental Dysplasia of the Hip |
|
|
394 | (2) |
|
Femoroacetabular Impingement With Labral Pathology |
|
|
396 | (3) |
|
|
|
399 | (1) |
|
|
|
400 | (5) |
|
|
|
405 | (2) |
|
Chapter 13 Radiologic Evaluation of the Knee |
|
|
407 | (50) |
|
|
|
|
|
407 | (50) |
|
|
|
407 | (2) |
|
|
|
409 | (1) |
|
|
|
409 | (2) |
|
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Routine Radiologic Evaluation |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Practice Parameter for Knee Radiography in Children and Adults |
|
|
411 | (1) |
|
Standard Projections and Radiologic Observations |
|
|
411 | (11) |
|
Additional Views Related to the Knee |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Advanced Imaging Evaluation |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Introduction to Interpreting Knee Sectional Anatomy |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
Practice Parameter for CT of the Knee |
|
|
422 | (1) |
|
|
|
422 | (4) |
|
Practice Parameter for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Knee |
|
|
426 | (1) |
|
|
|
426 | (4) |
|
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Knee |
|
|
430 | (1) |
|
|
|
430 | (4) |
|
Patellofemoral Subluxations |
|
|
434 | (2) |
|
Injury to the Articular Cartilage |
|
|
436 | (1) |
|
|
|
437 | (1) |
|
|
|
438 | (4) |
|
Degenerative Joint Disease |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
Location of Degenerative Joint Disease |
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (1) |
|
|
|
443 | (2) |
|
|
|
445 | (3) |
|
|
|
448 | (1) |
|
|
|
449 | (6) |
|
|
|
455 | (2) |
|
Chapter 14 Radiologic Evaluation of the Ankle and Foot |
|
|
457 | (56) |
|
|
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
|
457 | (1) |
|
|
|
458 | (2) |
|
Routine Radiologic Evaluation |
|
|
460 | (16) |
|
Practice Parameter for Ankle and Foot Radiography in Children and Adults |
|
|
460 | (1) |
|
Standard Projections and Radiologic Observations |
|
|
461 | (15) |
|
Advanced Imaging Evaluation |
|
|
476 | (10) |
|
Introduction to Interpreting Ankle and Foot Sectional Anatomy |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
Practice Parameter for CT of the Ankle and Foot |
|
|
476 | (1) |
|
|
|
476 | (4) |
|
Practice Parameter for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Ankle and Hindfoot |
|
|
480 | (1) |
|
|
|
480 | (6) |
|
Trauma at the Ankle and Foot |
|
|
486 | (10) |
|
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Ankle and Foot |
|
|
486 | (1) |
|
|
|
486 | (2) |
|
|
|
488 | (2) |
|
|
|
490 | (2) |
|
|
|
492 | (4) |
|
|
|
496 | (6) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
|
|
497 | (3) |
|
|
|
500 | (2) |
|
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
|
502 | (1) |
|
|
|
503 | (10) |
|
|
|
505 | (6) |
|
|
|
511 | (2) |
|
Chapter 15 Radiologic Evaluation of the Shoulder |
|
|
513 | (48) |
|
|
|
|
|
514 | (2) |
|
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
|
514 | (1) |
|
|
|
515 | (1) |
|
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
Routine Radiologic Evaluation |
|
|
516 | (14) |
|
Practice Parameters for Radiography of the Shoulder in Children and Adults |
|
|
516 | (1) |
|
Standard Projections and Radiologic Observations |
|
|
516 | (14) |
|
Advanced Imaging Evaluation |
|
|
530 | (8) |
|
Introduction to Interpreting Shoulder Sectional Anatomy |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
Practice Parameters for CT of the Shoulder |
|
|
530 | (1) |
|
|
|
530 | (4) |
|
Practice Parameters for Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Shoulder |
|
|
534 | (1) |
|
|
|
534 | (4) |
|
|
|
538 | (12) |
|
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Shoulder |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Fractures of the Proximal Humerus |
|
|
538 | (1) |
|
Fractures of the Clavicle |
|
|
539 | (2) |
|
|
|
541 | (1) |
|
Dislocations of the Glenohumeral Joint |
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
Acromioclavicular Joint Separation |
|
|
543 | (2) |
|
|
|
545 | (2) |
|
|
|
547 | (3) |
|
|
|
550 | (2) |
|
|
|
550 | (1) |
|
|
|
551 | (1) |
|
|
|
552 | (1) |
|
|
|
553 | (6) |
|
|
|
559 | (2) |
|
Chapter 16 Radiologic Evaluation of the Elbow |
|
|
561 | (40) |
|
|
|
|
|
561 | (2) |
|
|
|
561 | (1) |
|
|
|
562 | (1) |
|
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
|
|
563 | (1) |
|
Routine Radiologic Evaluation |
|
|
563 | (11) |
|
Practice Parameters for Elbow Radiography in Children and Adults |
|
|
563 | (2) |
|
Standard Projections and Radiologic Observations |
|
|
565 | (9) |
|
Advanced Imaging Evaluation |
|
|
574 | (8) |
|
Introduction to Interpreting Elbow Sectional Anatomy |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
Practice Parameters for CT of the Elbow |
|
|
574 | (1) |
|
|
|
574 | (4) |
|
Practice Parameters for Magnetic |
|
|
|
Resonance Imaging of the Elbow |
|
|
578 | (1) |
|
|
|
578 | (4) |
|
|
|
582 | (10) |
|
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Elbow |
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
Fractures and Dislocations |
|
|
584 | (6) |
|
Distal Biceps Tendon Tear |
|
|
590 | (1) |
|
|
|
591 | (1) |
|
Abnormal Conditions at the Elbow |
|
|
592 | (2) |
|
|
|
592 | (1) |
|
Osteochondritis Dissecans |
|
|
592 | (2) |
|
|
|
594 | (1) |
|
|
|
595 | (5) |
|
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
Chapter 17 Radiologic Evaluation of the Hand and Wrist |
|
|
601 | (60) |
|
|
|
601 | (3) |
|
|
|
601 | (1) |
|
Joints and Ligaments of the Hand and Wrist |
|
|
602 | (1) |
|
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
|
|
603 | (1) |
|
Routine Radiologic Evaluation |
|
|
604 | (18) |
|
Practice Parameters for Extremity Radiography in Children and Adults |
|
|
604 | (1) |
|
Standard Projections and Radiologic Observations |
|
|
604 | (18) |
|
Advanced Imaging Evaluation |
|
|
622 | (8) |
|
Introduction to Interpreting Wrist Sectional Anatomy |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
Practice Parameters for CT of the Wrist |
|
|
622 | (1) |
|
|
|
623 | (3) |
|
Practice Parameters for Magnetic |
|
|
|
Resonance Imaging of the Wrist |
|
|
626 | (1) |
|
|
|
626 | (4) |
|
Trauma at the Hand and Wrist |
|
|
630 | (8) |
|
Diagnostic Imaging for Trauma of the Hand and Wrist |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
|
|
630 | (3) |
|
|
|
633 | (3) |
|
Fractures of the Distal Radius |
|
|
636 | (2) |
|
|
|
638 | (9) |
|
Imaging Techniques to Diagnose Instability |
|
|
638 | (5) |
|
Instability of the Distal Radioulnar Joint |
|
|
643 | (1) |
|
Classification of Carpal Instabilities |
|
|
644 | (3) |
|
|
|
647 | (3) |
|
Pathology of the Triangular Fibrocartilage Complex |
|
|
647 | (3) |
|
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
|
650 | (3) |
|
Degenerative Joint Disease |
|
|
650 | (2) |
|
|
|
652 | (1) |
|
|
|
653 | (1) |
|
|
|
654 | (6) |
|
|
|
660 | (1) |
|
Chapter 18 Integration of Diagnostic Imaging into Physical Therapy Practice |
|
|
661 | (26) |
|
|
|
|
|
Changing Perspectives on Diagnostic Imaging in Physical Therapy Education |
|
|
661 | (4) |
|
Historical Perspective on Traditional Roles |
|
|
661 | (1) |
|
|
|
662 | (3) |
|
The Physical Therapist as a Primary Care Provider in the United States |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
The Physical Therapist as an Educated User of Diagnostic Imaging |
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
The Use of Diagnostic Imaging by Physical Therapists Inside the United States |
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
Other Practice Environments in the United States |
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
Access to Imaging and Relationships with Physicians |
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
Traditional Physical Therapy Practice |
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
Direct Referral to Radiology |
|
|
666 | (1) |
|
Physiotherapy Practice Concerning Diagnostic Imaging outside the United States |
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
Barriers to Access and Ordering Imaging |
|
|
667 | (2) |
|
|
|
667 | (1) |
|
Third-Party Reimbursement |
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
|
|
668 | (1) |
|
The Role of Imaging in the Diagnostic Process |
|
|
669 | (6) |
|
When to Refer for Imaging |
|
|
669 | (1) |
|
Understanding the Capability of Each Imaging Modality |
|
|
669 | (2) |
|
Clinical Decision-Making and Clinical Practice Guidelines |
|
|
671 | (4) |
|
The Role of Imaging in Physical Therapy Intervention |
|
|
675 | (2) |
|
What Do Physical Therapists Look For? |
|
|
675 | (1) |
|
Incorporating Imaging into Treatment Planning |
|
|
676 | (1) |
|
What Does the Future Hold? |
|
|
677 | (1) |
|
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
|
679 | (6) |
|
|
|
685 | (2) |
| Answers to Self-Test Questions |
|
687 | (6) |
| Index |
|
693 | |
