In the mid-1960"s I had the pleasure of attending a talk by Lotfi Zadeh at which he presented some of his basic (and at the time, recent) work on fuzzy sets. Lotfi"s algebra of fuzzy subsets of a set struck me as very nice; in fact, as a graduate student in the mid-1950"s, I had suggested similar ideas about continuous-truth-valued propositional calculus (inffor "and", sup for "or") to my advisor, but he didn"t go for it (and in fact, confused it with the foundations of probability theory), so I ended up writing a thesis in a more conventional area of mathematics (differential algebra). I especially enjoyed Lotfi"s discussion of fuzzy convexity; I remember talking to him about possible ways of extending this work, but I didn"t pursue this at the time. I have elsewhere told the story of how, when I saw C. L. Chang"s 1968 paper on fuzzy topological spaces, I was impelled to try my hand at fuzzi fying algebra. This led to my 1971 paper "Fuzzy groups", which became the starting point
of an entire literature on fuzzy algebraic structures. In 1974 King-Sun Fu invited me to speak at a U. S. -Japan seminar on Fuzzy Sets and their Applications, which was to be held that summer in Berkeley.
1 Fuzzy Subsets.- 1.1 Fuzzy Relations.- 1.2 Operations on Fuzzy Relations.- 1.3 Reflexivity, Symmetry and Transitivity.- 1.4 Pattern Classification Based on Fuzzy Relations.- 1.5 Advanced Topics on Fuzzy Relations.- 1.6 References.- 2 Fuzzy Graphs.- 2.1 Paths and Connectedness.- 2.2 Clusters.- 2.3 Cluster Analysis and Modeling of Information Networks.- 2.4 Connectivity in Fuzzy Graphs.- 2.5 Application to Cluster Analysis.- 2.6 Operations on Fuzzy Graphs.- 2.7 Fuzzy Intersection Equations.- 2.8 Fuzzy Graphs in Database Theory.- 2.9 References.- 3 Fuzzy Topological Spaces.- 3.1 Topological Spaces.- 3.2 Metric Spaces and Normed Linear Spaces.- 3.3 Fuzzy Topological Spaces.- 3.4 Sequences of Fuzzy Subsets.- 3.5 F-Continuous Functions.- 3.6 Compact Fuzzy Spaces.- 3.7 Iterated Fuzzy Subset Systems.- 3.8 Chaotic Iterations of Fuzzy Subsets.- 3.9 Starshaped Fuzzy Subsets.- 3.10 References.- 4 Fuzzy Digital Topology.- 4.1 Introduction.- 4.2 Crisp Digital Topology.- 4.3 Fuzzy Connectedness
.- 4.4 Fuzzy Components.- 4.5 Fuzzy Surroundedness.- 4.6 Components, Holes, and Surroundedness.- 4.7 Convexity.- 4.8 The Sup Projection.- 4.9 The Integral Projection.- 4.10 Fuzzy Digital Convexity.- 4.11 On Connectivity Properties of Grayscale Pictures.- 4.12 References.- 5 Fuzzy Geometry.- 5.1 Introduction.- 5.2 The Area and Perimeter of a Fuzzy Subset.- 5.3 The Height, Width and Diameter of a Fuzzy Subset.- 5.4 Distances Between Fuzzy Subsets.- 5.5 Fuzzy Rectangles.- 5.6 A Fuzzy Medial Axis Transformation Based on Fuzzy Disks.- 5.7 Fuzzy Triangles.- 5.8 Degree of Adjacency or Surroundedness.- 5.9 Image Enhancement and Thresholding Using Fuzzy Compactness.- 5.10 Fuzzy Plane Geometry: Points and Lines.- 5.11 Fuzzy Plane Geometry: Circles and Polygons.- 5.12 Fuzzy Plane Projective Geometry.- 5.13 A Modified Hausdorff Distance Between Fuzzy Subsets..- 5.14 References.- 6 Fuzzy Abstract Algebra.- 6.1 Crisp Algebraic Structures.- 6.2 Fuzzy Substructures of Algebraic Structures.- 6.3 F
uzzy Submonoids and Automata Theory.- 6.4 Fuzzy Subgroups, Pattern Recognition and Coding Theory.- 6.5 Free Fuzzy Monoids and Coding Theory.- 6.6 Formal Power Series, Regular Fuzzy Languages, and Fuzzy Automata.- 6.7 Nonlinear Systems of Equations of Fuzzy Singletons.- 6.8 Localized Fuzzy Subrings.- 6.9 Local Examination of Fuzzy Intersection Equations.- 6.10 More on Coding Theory.- 6.11 Other Applications.- 6.12 References.- List of Figures.- List of Tables.- List of Symbols.
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