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Gastroenterological Endoscopy 2nd edition [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 852 pages, height x width: 300x229 mm, weight: 3730 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Jan-2010
  • Izdevniecība: Thieme Publishing Group
  • ISBN-10: 3131258527
  • ISBN-13: 9783131258526
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Formāts: Hardback, 852 pages, height x width: 300x229 mm, weight: 3730 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 13-Jan-2010
  • Izdevniecība: Thieme Publishing Group
  • ISBN-10: 3131258527
  • ISBN-13: 9783131258526
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
An exquisitely illustrated guide to contemporary endoscopy for the diagnosis and treatment of GI diseases



Praise for the previous edition:



"This work has great visual appeal and superb images...a superior text that will undoubtedly withstand the test of time."--Gastroenterology



Written and edited by internationally renowned specialists, the second edition of Gastroenterological Endoscopy covers the entire spectrum of diagnostic and therapeutic procedures for the upper and lower GI tract and provides an up-to-date overview of GI disorders. The book opens with a section on the development and technology of endoscopy, followed by an expanded section on issues related to patient care, such as informed consent, sedation, and special clinical conditions. The discussion of techniques for the diagnosis of GI diseases ranges from enteroscopy and colonoscopy to recent advances in capsule endoscopy and chromoendoscopy. New to the section on therapeutic procedures is coverage of such topics as dilation techniques, resection, ablation, and dissection. The book closes with a chapter on pediatric endoscopy.



Features of the second edition:



Thirteen new chapters present current developments in the specialty, including evidence-based approaches, natural orifice translumenal endoscopic surgery (NOTES) and hybrid procedures, endoscopic therapy in obesity, and therapeutic endosonography Insightful contributions are presented in a format that aids rapid reference to key topics 1,820 high-quality illustrations and endoscopic images, including over 1,135 in full-color, demonstrate anatomy and pathophysiology

Already a standard in the field, this text is an essential desk reference for all clinicians in gastroenterology, internal medicine, and GI surgery. Residents and fellows in these specialties will also greatly appreciate its easily accessible wealth of information and visual appeal.

Recenzijas

Massive work...additional images (there are 1500 in all), and updated original chapters...written by an impressive list of specialists worldwide...well organized...frequent color images and lengthy captions...the volume will be an essential desk reference for practitioners, residents, and students.--SciTech Book News



This volume stands on its own as a marvelous feat in bringing such a vast array of clear and coherent instructions at all skill levels. It surely deserves a prominent place in any complete endoscopy reference collection. --Gastroenterology



"State-of-the-art information on all therapeutic developments and innovations in the field...Your library is not complete without this valuable book, already the standard-bearer in the field." -- Doody's



Praise for the previous edition: "This work has great visual appeal and superb images. When used as a reference, it provides quick and concise answers in a single volume...a superior text that will undoubtedly withstand the test of time."--Gastroenterology

I Development of Endoscopy
Meinhard Classen
Guido N.J. Tytgat
Charles J. Lightdale
Two Centuries of Digestive Tract Endoscopy: a Concise Report
2(13)
Meinhard Classen
Introduction
2(1)
Nineteenth-Century Pioneers
2(1)
Rudolf Schindler and the ``Semiflexible'' Endoscope
3(1)
Fiberglass Endoscopy and Electronic Endoscopy
4(1)
Japanese Contributions to Digestive Tract Endoscopy
4(2)
Colonoscopy
6(1)
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
6(1)
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
6(2)
Enteroscopy
8(1)
Therapeutic Endoscopy
8(2)
Endoscopic Ultrasonography
10(1)
Laparoscopy
11(1)
Summary and Prospects
11(1)
References
12(3)
Quality Assurance
15(6)
Anthony T.R. Axon
Introduction
15(1)
History of Quality Assurance
15(1)
Quality Assurance in Endoscopy
16(1)
Quality Indicators
16(2)
Preprocedural Quality Indicators
16(1)
Intraprocedural Quality Indicators
17(1)
Postprocedural Quality Indicators
17(1)
Nursing Involvement in Quality Assurance
18(1)
How Should Quality Indicators Be Recorded?
18(1)
Quality Assurance and Information Technology
18(1)
How Should Quality Assurance Data Be Used?
19(1)
The Endoscopy Global Rating Scale
19(1)
Impact of Quality Assurance on Endoscopic Practice
20(1)
What are the Next Steps?
20(1)
Managing the Endoscopy Unit
20(1)
References
20(1)
Advanced Imaging in Endoscopy
21(16)
Ralf Kiesslich
Hisao Tajiri
Introduction
21(1)
High-Resolution and Magnifying Endoscopy
21(1)
Chromoendoscopy
21(1)
Digital Chromoendoscopy
22(2)
Functional Imaging
24(1)
Point Spectroscopy
24(1)
Fluorescence Spectroscopy
24(1)
Elastic Scattering Spectroscopy
24(1)
Raman Spectroscopy
24(1)
Multimodal Spectroscopy
24(1)
Autofluorescence Imaging
24(1)
Optical Coherence Tomography
25(1)
Endocytoscopy
26(1)
Confocal Laser Endomicroscopy
27(1)
Principle of Confocal Microscopy
27(1)
Endoscopic Confocal Microscopy
27(1)
Contrast Agents
27(1)
Clinical Data in Endomicroscopy
28(6)
Barrett's Esophagus
28(1)
Gastritis and Gastric Cancer
29(1)
Celiac Disease
30(1)
Colorectal Cancer
31(1)
Ulcerative Colitis
32(1)
Microscopic Colitis
32(1)
Future of Endomicroscopy
32(1)
Conclusions
32(2)
References
34(3)
Evidence-Based Endoscopy
37(11)
John M. Inadomi
Ma Somsouk
Background
37(1)
Studies of Therapy
37(2)
Clinical Scenario
37(1)
Are the Results Valid?
37(1)
What are the Results?
38(1)
Will the Results Help Me in Caring for My Patients?
39(1)
Resolution of the Clinical Scenario
39(1)
Studies of Diagnosis
39(3)
Clinical Scenario
39(1)
Are the Results Valid?
39(1)
What are the Results?
40(1)
Will the Results Help Me in Caring for My Patients?
41(1)
Resolution of the Clinical Scenario
41(1)
Studies of Harm
42(1)
Clinical Scenario
42(1)
Are the Results Valid?
42(1)
What are the Results?
42(1)
Will the Results Help Me in Caring for My Patients?
43(1)
Resolution of the Clinical Scenario
43(1)
How to Use an Article about Prognosis
43(2)
Clinical Scenario
43(1)
Are the Results Valid?
43(1)
What are the Results?
44(1)
Will the Results Help Me in Caring for My Patients?
45(1)
Resolution of the Clinical Scenario
45(1)
Conclusions
45(1)
References
45(3)
II The Patient and Endoscopy
Guido N.J. Tytgat
Meinhard Classen
Charles J. Lightdale
Informed Consent for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
48(9)
Spiros D. Ladas
Historical Perspectives
48(1)
The Concept of Informed Consent
48(1)
Declarations Protecting Patients' Rights
48(1)
Informed Consent for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
49(1)
Exceptions to Informed Consent
49(1)
Additional Issues on Informed Consent
49(1)
Medicolegal Issues
50(1)
Breach of Duty
50(1)
Malpractice in Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
50(1)
Causes of Malpractice Claims in Endoscopy
51(1)
How and When Informed Consent Should be Obtained
51(1)
Additional Issues on Obtaining Informed Consent
52(2)
Personnel Responsible for Obtaining Informed Consent
52(1)
Open-Access Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
52(1)
Obtaining Informed Consent for Teaching and Learning Endoscopy
52(1)
Obtaining Informed Consent for Endoscopy-Based Research
53(1)
Obtaining Informed Consent for Live Endoscopy Demonstrations
53(1)
Informed Consent and Endoscopy by Nonphysicians
53(1)
References
54(3)
Patient Preparation and Sedation for Endoscopy
57(10)
Jenifer R. Lightdale
Levels of Sedation
57(1)
Patient Preparation and Assessment for Sedation
58(2)
Fasting Instructions
58(1)
Patient Medical History and Examination
58(1)
Airway Evaluation
59(1)
Special Patient Considerations
60(1)
Procedures without Sedation
60(1)
Pharmacological Options for Endoscopy
60(1)
Topical Agents
61(1)
Benzodiazepines
61(1)
Diazepam
61(1)
Midazolam
61(1)
Opioids
62(1)
Pethidine (Meperidine)
62(1)
Fentanyl
62(1)
Adjuvant Agents
62(1)
Propofol
62(1)
Antagonists
63(1)
Flumazenil
63(1)
Naloxone
63(1)
Care and Monitoring of the Patient during Endoscopy
63(1)
Electronic Monitoring and Intervention
63(1)
References
64(3)
Endoscopy in Special Clinical Situations
67(8)
Douglas G. Adler
David Bjorkman
Introduction
67(1)
Endoscopy in Pregnant and Lactating Women
67(2)
Endoscopy in Pregnant Patients
67(1)
Endoscopy in Lactating Patients
68(1)
Endoscopy in the Elderly
69(2)
Endoscopy in Patients Requiring Anticoagulation or Antiplatelet Medications
71(1)
Management of Antiplatelet Agents
71(1)
Management of Warfarin and Heparins
71(1)
Endoscopy in Patients with Hemophilia
72(1)
Restarting Anticoagulation
72(1)
Conclusion
72(1)
References
72(3)
The Endoscopy Suite
75(8)
Hans-Dieter Allescher
General Questions and Considerations
75(1)
Guidelines for Planning an Endoscopy Suite
75(1)
Pathways for Patients, Staff and Materials
75(1)
Location of the Unit
76(1)
Number of Rooms
77(1)
Radiographic Requirements
78(1)
The Endoscopic Examination Room
78(2)
Size of the Rooms
78(1)
Equipment
78(1)
Monitor Systems and Anesthesia
79(1)
Video Integration and Computer-Based Documentation
79(1)
Endoscopes and Endoscopic Equipment
79(1)
Endoscopic Ultrasound and Laser Treatment Room, Radiography Room
80(1)
Preparation and Recovery Room
80(1)
Cleaning and Disinfection Area
80(1)
Staffing
80(1)
References
80(3)
Cleaning and Disinfection in Endoscopy
83(9)
Michael Jung
Thierry Ponchon
Spaulding Criteria
83(1)
Mechanisms of Infection in Endoscopy
83(1)
Indicator Bacteria
84(1)
Infections in Endoscopy
84(1)
Guidelines
85(1)
Reprocessing of Endoscopic Accessories
86(1)
New Agents and Disinfectants
86(1)
Quality Assurance in Endoscope Reprocessing
87(1)
Infections Occuring in Endoscopy (Outbreak Management)
88(1)
Conclusions
88(1)
References
88(4)
III Teaching and Learning
Meinhard Classen
Guido N.J. Tytgat
Charles J. Lightdale
Education and Training
92(14)
Juergen Hochberger
Juergen Maiss
Kai Matthes
Guido Costamagna
Robert H. Hawes
Introduction
92(1)
Clinical Education
92(2)
Clinical Training in EGD and Colonoscopy: Studies and Guidelines
92(1)
Studies and Guidelines on Clinical Training in ERCP
93(1)
Practical Training in ERCP
93(1)
Complementary Video Courses
94(1)
Current Training Models
94(6)
Plastic Phantoms and Other Static Models
94(1)
Computer Simulators
95(1)
Training Courses with Live Animals
96(2)
Ex Vivo Porcine Tissue Models (EASIE, Erlanger Endo-Trainer, EASIE-R)
98(2)
Training Courses
100(1)
Comparison of Teaching Models for Training Courses
101(1)
Acquiring Teaching Skills as a Tutor
102(1)
Open Questions and Future Prospects
102(1)
Maintaining Skills in Complex Procedures
102(1)
Incorporating Simulator Training into Educational Programs
102(1)
Training in Notes and the Future Endoscopic Interventionalist
102(1)
References
102(4)
IV Diagnostic Procedures and Techniques
Meinhard Classen
Guido N.J. Tytgat
Michael B. Wallace
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
106(13)
Michel Delvaux
Gerard Gay
Technical Description of the Gastroscope
106(1)
Description of the Procedure
106(3)
Sedation
106(1)
Preparation of the Patient
107(1)
Insertion of the Endoscope
107(1)
Advancement of the Endoscope and Maneuvering for a Complete Examination
108(1)
After the Procedure
109(1)
Normal Endoscopic Anatomy of the Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
109(1)
Esophagus
109(2)
Stomach
110(1)
Duodenum
111(1)
Anatomical Variants
111(3)
Surgical Modified Anatomy
112(2)
Difficult-to-Examine Anatomical Locations
114(1)
Indications and Contraindications
114(1)
Indications
114(1)
Contraindications
114(1)
Appropriateness of Indications
114(1)
Complications
115(1)
Documentation of an EGD Procedure
115(1)
Conclusion
116(1)
References
116(3)
Enteroscopy Techniques
119(8)
Blair S. Lewis
Kiyonori Kobayashi
Introduction
119(1)
Balloon-Assisted Enteroscopy
119(4)
Intraoperative Enteroscopy
123(1)
References
124(3)
Wireless Video Capsule Endoscopy
127(6)
David Cave
Introduction
127(1)
Technology
127(1)
Limitations
128(1)
Complications
129(1)
Indications and Contraindications
129(2)
Potential Indications for VCE
131(1)
Interplay between VCE and Deep Enteroscopy
131(1)
Summary
132(1)
References
132(1)
Colonoscopy: Basic Instrumentation and Technique
133(18)
Brian Saunders
Introduction
133(1)
Indications
133(1)
Contraindications
134(1)
Bowel Preparation
134(1)
Instructions for Morning and Afternoon Appointments
135(1)
Sedation
135(1)
Antispasmodics
136(1)
Equipment for Colonoscopy
136(3)
Carbon Dioxide Versus Air Insufflation
138(1)
Accessories
139(1)
Imaging during Colonoscopy
139(2)
Fluoroscopy
139(1)
Magnetic Endoscope Imaging
140(1)
Colonoscope Insertion: Technique
141(7)
General Principles
141(1)
Instrument Handling
141(1)
Ancillary Techniques for Colonoscope Insertion
142(1)
Anus and Rectum
142(1)
Sigmoid Colon
143(2)
Descending Colon and Splenic Flexure
145(1)
Transverse Colon and Hepatic Flexure
146(1)
Ascending Colon, Cecum, and Terminal Ileum
147(1)
Is Total Colonoscopy Achievable in All Patients?
148(1)
Examination Technique during Withdrawal
148(1)
Complications
148(1)
References
149(2)
ERCP
151(9)
Gregory B. Haber
Gurpal S. Sandha
Meinhard Classen
Historical Background
151(1)
Indications
151(1)
Facilities
151(1)
Equipment
152(1)
Endoscopes
152(1)
Cannulating Devices
152(1)
Contrast Agents
153(1)
Technique
153(1)
Patient Preparation and Sedation
153(1)
Procedure
154(3)
Oropharyngeal Intubation
154(1)
Cannulating the Minor Papilla
154(3)
Challenging Scenarios
157(1)
Complications
157(1)
Pancreatitis
158(1)
Future Directions
158(1)
References
159(1)
Peroral Cholangioscopy
160(7)
Axel Eickhoff
Juergen F. Riemann
Introduction
160(1)
Procedure
160(3)
Instruments and Technique
160(1)
New Intraductal Endoscopy Techniques
160(3)
Complications
163(1)
Clinical Applications
163(2)
Diagnostic Peroral Cholangioscopy
163(1)
Therapeutic Peroral Cholangioscopy
164(1)
Conclusions
165(1)
References
165(2)
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography and Cholangioscopy
167(12)
Jean-Pierre Charton
Chan Sup Shim
Horst Neuhaus
Introduction
167(1)
Indications
167(1)
Contraindications
167(1)
Equipment
167(1)
Cholangioscopes
168(1)
Lithotriptors
168(1)
Patient Preparation
168(1)
Procedures
168(3)
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiography
168(1)
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangiographic Drainage
168(1)
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangioplasty, Biliary Stent Placement, and Photodynamic Therapy
169(1)
Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangioscopy
170(1)
Percutaneous Stone Removal
171(1)
Postprocedural Care of the Transhepatic Tract
171(2)
Results
173(1)
PTC, PTCD, Cholangioplasty, and Stent Placement
173(1)
Diagnostic Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangioscopy
174(1)
Therapeutic Percutaneous Transhepatic Cholangioscopy
174(1)
Complications and Management
175(1)
Conclusions
176(1)
References
176(3)
Endoscopic Therapy in Obesity
179(18)
Elisabeth M.H. Mathus-Vliegen
Introduction
179(1)
Endoscopic Treatments for Obesity
179(3)
Intragastric Balloon Treatment
179(3)
Other Endoscopic Modalities
182(1)
Endoscopic Treatment for Bariatric Surgery Complications
182(1)
Surgical Procedures
182(5)
Role of Endoscopy
184(1)
Normal Endoscopic Findings
184(1)
Reported Complications
185(1)
Endoscopic Findings and Therapy in the Early Postoperative Period
186(1)
Postoperative Period
186(1)
Endoscopic Findings and Therapy in the Late Postoperative Period and Follow-Up
187(1)
Endoscopic Therapeutic Interventions
187(6)
Stomal Stenosis and Stoma/Outlet Obstruction
188(2)
Dilated Gastrojejunostomy after Gastric Bypass Surgery
190(1)
Staple-Line Dehiscence and Gastrogastric Fistula in VBG and RYGB
190(1)
Band Erosion
191(1)
Endoscopic Access to the Bypassed Stomach and Duodenum and to the Papilla of Vater in RYGB
192(1)
Conclusions
193(1)
References
193(4)
Magnifying Chromocolonoscopy and Tattooing
197(6)
Shin-Ei Kudo
Hideyuki Miyachi
Shungo Endo
Introduction
197(1)
Practical Aspects of Diagnosis Based on Magnifying Endoscopy
197(2)
Recent Trends in Endoscopic Diagnosis of the Type V Pit Pattern
199(1)
Treatment Policies Based on Morphological Development and Pit Patterns
200(1)
Endoscopic Tattooing Technique
201(1)
References
202(1)
Tissue and Fluid Sampling
203(8)
Koji Matsuda
Hisao Tajiri
Introduction
203(1)
Devices
203(3)
Biopsy Forceps
203(1)
Polypectomy Snare
203(1)
Brush Cytology
203(1)
Fine-Needle Aspiration Cytology
203(3)
EGD
206(1)
Esophagus
206(1)
Stomach
206(1)
Duodenum
206(1)
Enteroscopy
206(1)
Colonoscopy
206(1)
ERCP
206(1)
EUS-FNA
207(1)
Sampling of Body Fluids
207(1)
Summary
207(1)
References
208(3)
The Contribution of Histopathology to Endoscopy
211(14)
Karel Geboes
Introduction
211(1)
Endoscopy and the Diagnostic Yield of Histopathology
211(1)
Immunohistochemistry and Other Ancillary Techniques
212(1)
Role of Pathology in the Esophagus
213(2)
Inflammatory Conditions
213(1)
Neoplastic Conditions
214(1)
Role of Pathology in the Stomach
215(2)
Inflammatory Conditions
215(2)
Neoplastic Conditions
217(1)
Role of Pathology in the Duodenum
217(2)
Inflammatory Conditions
217(2)
Neoplastic Conditions
219(1)
Role of Pathology in the Terminal Ileum and Colon
219(3)
Inflammatory Conditions
219(2)
Neoplastic Conditions
221(1)
Conclusions
222(1)
References
222(3)
Diagnostic Endoscopic Ultrasonography
225(20)
Abdel M. Kassem
Thomas Rosch
Introduction
225(1)
Available Instruments and Scanning Principles
225(2)
Basics of EUS-Guided Puncture Techniques
227(2)
Clinical Background and Prerequisites of EUS and EUS-Guided Fine-Needle Puncture
229(1)
Examination Technique and Normal Findings
230(3)
Preparation, Sedation, and Complications
230(1)
Upper Gastrointestinal Tract
230(1)
Mediastinum
231(1)
Pancreas and Biliary Tract
231(2)
Colorectum
233(1)
Pathological Findings: General Principles
233(7)
Tumor Staging in the Gastrointestinal Tract
233(2)
Submucosal Lesions
235(1)
Tumor Diagnosis and Staging in the Pancreaticobiliary Tract
236(2)
Benign Lesions and Differential Diagnosis
238(2)
Fine-Needle Puncture: Accuracy, Pitfalls, and Limitations
240(1)
Further Developments
240(1)
Training in EUS
241(1)
References
241(4)
Laparoscopic, Natural Orifice, and Laparoscopy-Assisted Surgery: New Paradigms in Minimally Invasive Therapy
245(16)
Robert H. Hawes
Stefan von Delius
D. Nageshwar Reddy
Hubertus Feußner
Introduction
245(1)
Robert H. Hawes
Laparoscopic Cholecystotomy
246(2)
Stefan von Delius
Patient Selection
246(1)
Technique
246(2)
Effectiveness of LCT
248(1)
Percutaneous Cholecystostomy
248(1)
Endoscopic Gallbladder Drainage
248(1)
Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery
248(5)
D. Nageshwar Reddy
Introduction
248(1)
Transgastric Appendectomy
249(1)
Transgastric Tubal Occlusion
250(1)
Transvaginal Cholecystectomy
250(1)
Other Access Routes
251(2)
Benefits and Pitfalls
253(1)
Conclusion
253(1)
Combined Laparoscopic and Endoscopic Interventions and Transcolonic/Transgastric Notes Procedures
253(4)
Hubertus Feußner
Introduction
253(1)
Indications
254(1)
Contraindications
254(1)
General Principles
254(1)
General Technical Aspects
254(1)
LEP Variants
255(1)
Results of Laparoscopic-Endoscopic Procedures
256(1)
Laparoscopic-Endoscopic Procedures as ``Pseudo-Notes''
257(1)
References
257(4)
Liver Biopsy
261(11)
Andrew K. Burroughs
Marco Senzolo
Evangelos Cholongitas
Introduction
261(1)
Indications
261(1)
Percutaneous Liver Biopsy
261(4)
Menghini Technique
262(1)
Tru-Cut Needle Biopsy
262(2)
Plugged Percutaneous Liver Biopsy
264(1)
Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of the Liver
264(1)
Ultrasound-Guided Liver Biopsy
265(1)
Transvenous (Jugular) Approach
265(2)
Quality of Liver Biopsies for Accurate Histological Interpretation
267(1)
Laparoscopic Biopsy of the Liver
268(1)
References
268(4)
V Therapeutic Procedures
Guido N.J. Tytgat
Meinhard Classen
Charles J. Lightdale
Hemostasis
272(9)
Sandy H.Y. Pang
James Y.W. Lau
Overview
272(1)
Nonvariceal Hemorrhage
272(4)
Injection Therapy
272(1)
Thermal Methods
273(1)
Hemoclips
274(1)
Heater Probe vs. Hemoclips
275(1)
Monotherapy versus Combination Treatment
275(1)
Endoscopic Signs of Bleeding
275(1)
Limitations of Endoscopic Therapy
276(1)
Other Nonvariceal Bleeding Sources
276(1)
Variceal Hemorrhage
276(2)
Endoscopic Variceal Ligation
276(1)
Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy
277(1)
Band Ligation versus Endoscopic Injection Sclerotherapy
277(1)
Combining Banding Ligation and Sclerotherapy
278(1)
Tissue Adhesives
278(1)
Endoloops and Detachable Mini-Snares
278(1)
References
279(2)
Laser Application
281(6)
Hugh Barr
Physics and Principles of Laser Therapy
281(1)
Interaction of Laser Light with Tissue
281(1)
Types of Lasers
281(1)
Endoscopic Laser Therapy
282(4)
Hemostasis
282(1)
Palliation of Malignant Dysphagia
282(1)
Ampullary and Duodenal Neoplasia
283(1)
Colorectal Cancer
283(1)
Early Gastrointestinal Cancer and Precancer
283(3)
Biliary Tract
286(1)
Conclusions
286(1)
References
286(1)
Argon Plasma Coagulation
287(12)
James A. DiSario
Technology
287(1)
Tissue Effects
287(1)
Clinical Techniques
288(1)
Clinical Applications and Outcomes
289(7)
Tissue Ablation
289(4)
Hemostasis
293(2)
Zenker's Diverticulum
295(1)
Stent Manipulation
295(1)
References
296(3)
Polypectomy
299(24)
Jerome D. Waye
Brian Saunders
Yasushi Sano
Shinji Tanaka
Principles of Colonoscopic Polypectomy
299(1)
Heat Sealing of Blood Vessels
299(1)
Type of Current
299(1)
Electrosurgical Unit
299(1)
Coaptive Coagulation
299(1)
Types of Polyp
299(1)
Chromoendoscopy
300(1)
Narrow-Band Imaging
300(2)
Endoscopic Accessories
302(3)
Electrosurgical Units
302(1)
Injector Needles
303(1)
Colonoscope
303(1)
Carbon Dioxide
303(1)
Hot Biopsy Forceps
303(1)
Heater Probe and BICAP
303(1)
Argon Plasma Coagulator
303(1)
Detachable Loop
303(1)
Clips
304(1)
Snares
305(1)
Prepolypectomy Laboratory Testing
305(1)
Aspirin and Anticoagulants
305(1)
Polypectomy Technique
305(3)
Polyp Position
305(1)
Small Polyps
305(1)
Snare Catheter placement
305(1)
Pedunculated Polyps
306(1)
Sessile Polyps
306(1)
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection (EMR) and Submucosal Dissection (ESD)
306(1)
Treatment of the Polyp Base after Removal
306(2)
Methods for Safer Polypectomy
308(4)
Marking the Snare Handle
308(1)
Submucosal Injection for Polypectomy
309(1)
Volume of Injected Fluid
309(1)
Malignant Polyps
310(1)
Tumor Tracking
311(1)
Air Aspiration
311(1)
The Tip of the Snare
311(1)
Stopping at the Line
311(1)
Tent the Polyp away from the Base
311(1)
Piecemeal Polypectomy
311(1)
Problems
312(3)
Polyp Position
312(1)
When to Remove Polyps
313(1)
Positional Changes and Abdominal Pressure
313(1)
Rotatable Snares
313(1)
Mini-Snares
313(1)
Gastroscope for Better Tip Deflection
313(1)
New Colonoscopes
313(1)
The Third-Eye Retroscope
313(1)
Clamshell Polyps
314(1)
Retroversion
315(1)
Follow-Up Interval
315(1)
Polyp Size
315(1)
Bleeding during Polypectomy
315(1)
Polyps Too Difficult to Remove
315(1)
Flat Polyps
315(1)
Extremely Difficult Colonoscopy
316(1)
Location of Lesions
316(2)
Endoscopic Follow-Up
316(1)
Healing of Polypectomy Site
316(1)
Invalidity of Shaft Measurement
316(1)
Endoscopic Landmarks
316(1)
Clips
316(1)
Intraoperative Colonoscopy
316(1)
Marker Injections into the Colon Wall
317(1)
Complications
318(1)
Perforation
318(1)
Postpolypectomy Coagulation Syndrome (Serositis, Transmural Burn, Postpolypectomy Syndrome)
318(1)
Postpolypectomy Hemorrhage
319(1)
Hot Biopsy Forceps
319(1)
Results
319(1)
Checklist of Practice Points
320(1)
References
320(3)
Dilation Techniques
323(8)
Shabana F. Pasha
David E. Fleischer
Introduction
323(1)
Predilation Evaluation
323(1)
Indications and Contraindications
323(1)
Preparation
324(1)
Types of Dilator
324(1)
Physiology of Esophageal Dilation
325(1)
Dilation Techniques
325(2)
Dilation of Peptic Strictures
326(1)
Pneumatic Dilation for Achalasia
326(1)
Dilation of Schatzki Rings
326(1)
Dilation of Caustic or Corrosive Strictures
326(1)
Dilation of Malignant Strictures
327(1)
Self-Bougienage
327(1)
Refractory and High-Grade Strictures
327(1)
Complications
327(1)
Conclusions
328(1)
References
328(3)
Endoscopic Resection, Ablation, and Dissection
331(12)
Hiroyuki Ono
Stefan Seewald
Nib Soehendra
Introduction: the History of Endoscopic Treatment
331(1)
Diagnosis and Indications
332(2)
Pathology
332(1)
New Diagnostic Technologies
332(1)
Esophageal Cancer
332(1)
Gastric Cancer
332(1)
Colonic Cancer
333(1)
Treatment Procedures
334(3)
Principles
334(1)
Endoscopic Mucosal Resection
334(2)
Endoscopic Submucosal Dissection
336(1)
Complications
337(2)
Hemorrhage
339(1)
Perforation
339(1)
Stenosis
339(1)
Ablation
339(1)
Conclusions
340(1)
Acknowledgments
340(1)
References
340(3)
Clipping and Suturing
343(6)
Keiichi Ikeda
Paul Swain
Introduction
343(1)
Endoscopic Clipping
343(1)
Endoscopic Suturing
344(2)
Future Prospects
346(1)
Conclusions
346(1)
Disclosures
346(1)
References
346(3)
Photodynamic Therapy
349(8)
Rami J. Badreddine
Kenneth K. Wang
Introduction
349(1)
Principles of PDT
349(1)
Photosensitizers
349(1)
PDT Light Sources for Gastrointestinal Applications
350(1)
Light Dosimetry and Application Systems
350(1)
Clinical Applications and Complications of PDT in the Gastrointestinal Tract
351(4)
Photosensitivity
351(1)
PDT in the Esophagus
351(2)
PDT in the Stomach
353(1)
PDT in the Colon
354(1)
PDT in the Pancreas
354(1)
PDT in the Biliary Tree
354(1)
Contraindications to PDT
355(1)
Conclusion
355(1)
References
355(2)
Endoscopic Treatment for GERD
357(10)
Byung Moo Yoo
George Triadafilopoulos
Glen A. Lehman
Introduction
357(1)
Radiofrequency Ablation
357(1)
Injection/Implantation
358(1)
Enteryx
358(1)
Gatekeeper Reflux Repair System
359(1)
Plexiglas
359(1)
Endoscopic Plication Devices
359(5)
EndoCinch
360(1)
NDO Plicator
361(1)
EsophyX
361(2)
Medigus SRS Endoscopic Stapling System
363(1)
Syntheon ARD Plicator
363(1)
Anti-Obesity Technique
364(1)
Miscellaneous
364(1)
Conclusions
364(1)
References
365(2)
Endoscopic Papillotomy and Endoscopic Sphincterotomy
367(26)
Christian Prinz
Meinhard Classen
Introduction
367(1)
Indications
367(5)
Main Duodenal Papilla and Minor Papilla
367(1)
Bile Ducts
367(3)
Pancreas
370(2)
Admission, Premedication, and Instruments
372(3)
Circumstances of Admission (In-Patient or Outpatient)
372(1)
Preparation
372(1)
Instruments
372(3)
Methods of Endoscopic Papillotomy
375(5)
Biliary Papillotomy
375(1)
Precut Papillotomy
375(1)
Needle-Knife Papillotomy
376(2)
Fistulotomy, Papillectomy (Ampullectomy)
378(1)
Transpancreatic Sphincter Precutting Approach
378(1)
Minor Papilla Papillotomy
379(1)
Juxtapapillary Diverticula
379(1)
Billroth II Gastrectomy
380(1)
Rendezvous Technique
380(1)
Complications of Endoscopic Papillotomy
380(3)
Short-Term Complications
380(3)
Long-Term Complications
383(1)
Results and Outcome
384(3)
Technical Success
384(1)
EPT in Individual Indications
384(3)
Alternatives to EPT
387(1)
References
388(5)
Gastrointestinal Stenting
393(10)
Todd H. Baron
Richard A. Kozarek
Introduction
393(1)
Basic Principles
393(1)
Esophageal Stenting
393(4)
Placement of Esophageal SEMS
393(2)
Efficacy and Complications
395(1)
Self-Expanding Plastic Stents
396(1)
Biodegradable Stents
396(1)
Treatment of Malignant Esophageal Fistula
396(1)
Placement of Self-Expanding Stents for Benign Disease
397(1)
Malignant Gastric Outlet Obstruction
397(1)
Gastroduodenal and Small-Bowel Self-Expanding Stents
397(1)
Colonic Obstruction
398(2)
Stent Types
399(1)
Patient Preparation
400(1)
Placement Techniques
400(1)
Conclusions
400(1)
References
400(3)
Billiary and Pancreatic Stenting
403(22)
Guido Costamagna
Pietro Familiari
Andrea Tringali
Introduction
403(3)
Types of Stent
403(3)
Stenting Technique
406(2)
Positioning of Plastic Stents
406(1)
Metal Stent Deployment
407(1)
Management of Malfunctioning Stents
408(5)
Plastic Stents
408(1)
SEMS
409(4)
Biliary Stenting
413(5)
Malignant Strictures
413(2)
Benign Indications
415(3)
Pancreatic Stenting
418(1)
Chronic Pancreatitis
418(1)
Other Pancreatic Indications
419(1)
Future Developments in Biliopancreatic Stenting
419(1)
Conclusions
420(1)
References
420(5)
Intestinal Decompression
425(6)
Todd H. Baron
Faris M. Murad
Introduction
425(1)
Gastric and Small-Bowel Decompression
425(1)
Short-Term Decompression
425(1)
Long-Term Decompression
425(1)
Colonic Decompression
426(3)
Functional Obstruction
426(1)
Mechanical Obstruction
427(2)
References
429(2)
Approach to Gastrointestinal Foreign Bodies
431(12)
Benjamin K. Poulose
Jeffrey L. Ponsky
Approach to the Patient with Foreign-body Ingestion
431(1)
Food Bolus Impaction
431(2)
Coins
433(2)
Sharp Objects
435(1)
Batteries and Magnets
436(2)
Bezoars
438(1)
Unusual Foreign Bodies
438(1)
Rectal and Colonic Foreign Bodies
438(2)
Surgically Assisted Endoscopic Foreign-Body Removal
440(1)
Conclusion
440(1)
References
440(3)
Biliary Lithotripsy
443(16)
Chan-Sup Shim
Introduction
443(1)
Indications
443(1)
Equipment and Techniques
443(10)
Peroral Cholangioscopy
443(1)
Percutaneous Choledochoscopy
443(2)
Mechanical Lithotripsy (ML)
445(4)
Shock-Wave Lithotripsy
449(1)
Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy (EHL)
449(1)
Laser Lithotripsy (LL)
450(1)
Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
451(1)
Novel Application of Direct Cholangioscopy
452(1)
Results of Lithotripsy
453(1)
Mechanical Lithotripsy (ML)
453(1)
Electrohydraulic Lithotripsy (EHL)
453(1)
Laser Lithotripsy (LL)
454(1)
Extracorporeal Shock-Wave Lithotripsy (ESWL)
454(1)
Complications
454(1)
How to Manage Trapped Baskets
454(1)
Biliary Stent Placement as an Alternative Procedure
454(1)
Conclusions
455(1)
References
456(3)
Percutaneous Endoscopic Gastrostomy and Jejunostomy
459(14)
Sreeni Jonnalagadda
Steven A. Edmundowicz
Introduction
459(1)
Indications
459(1)
Contraindications
459(1)
Patient Preparation
460(1)
Procedure
460(6)
Optimal PEG Site
460(2)
Pull-Type (Ponsky-Gauderer) Gastrostomy
462(2)
Push-Type (Sacks-Vine) Gastrostomy
464(1)
Introducer-Type (Russell) Gastrostomy
464(2)
Post Procedure
466(1)
Endoscopically Placed Gastrojejunostomy
466(1)
Direct Percutaneous Endoscopic Jejunostomy
466(1)
Complications
467(1)
Replacement/Removal of PEG
468(3)
Conclusion
471(1)
References
471(2)
Therapeutic Endosonography
473(15)
Jan-Werner Poley
Marco J. Bruno
Introduction
473(1)
Equipment
473(1)
EUS-Guided Celiac Plexus Neurolysis
473(1)
EUS-Guided FNI in the Treatment of Pancreatic Cancer
474(1)
EUS-Guided Implantation of Radiopaque Markers (Fiducials)
475(1)
EUS-Guided Drainage of Pancreatic Fluid Collections, Abscesses, and Infected Necroses
475(6)
EUS-Guided Hepaticogastrostomy
479(1)
EUS-Guided Choledochoduodenostomy
480(1)
EUS-Guided Cholecystostomy
481(1)
EUS-Guided Pancreatic Duct Drainage and Rendezvous
481(2)
Future Indications for Therapeutic EUS
483(1)
EUS and Vascular Interventions
483(1)
EUS and NOTES
483(1)
References
483(5)
VI Upper Gastrointestinal Tract Disease
Charles J. Lightdale
Hisao Tajiri
Jaques J.G.J.M. Bergman
Esophageal Diseases
488(23)
Neil Gupta
Prateek Sharma
Anatomy
488(1)
Mucosal Diseases
488(8)
Reflux Esophagitis
488(2)
Infectious Esophagitis
490(1)
Pill-Induced Esophagitis
491(1)
Corrosive Esophagitis
492(1)
Radiation Esophagitis
492(1)
Barrett's Esophagus
493(2)
Nonendoscopic Tube Trauma
495(1)
Heterotopic Gastric Mucosa
495(1)
Mallory-Weiss Tears
495(1)
Rings and Strictures
496(1)
Schatzki Ring
496(1)
Peptic Strictures
496(1)
Eosinophilic Esophagitis
497(1)
Diaphragmatic Hernias
497(1)
Sliding Hiatal Hernias
498(1)
Paraesophageal Hernias
498(1)
Diverticula
498(1)
Zenker Diverticula
498(1)
Other Esophageal Diverticula
499(1)
Vascular Diseases
499(2)
Varices
499(2)
Arteria Lusoria
501(1)
Mass Lesions of the Esophagus
501(3)
Benign Tumors
501(2)
Malignant Tumors
503(1)
References
504(7)
Gastric Diseases
511(44)
Kristien M.A.J. Tytagat
Guido N. J. Tytgat
Normal Stomach---Anatomical Variants---Mucosal Prolapse and Tearing
511(1)
Normal Stomach
511(4)
Hiatal Hernia
512(2)
Paraesophageal Hernia
514(1)
Mixed Axial and Paraesophageal Herniation
514(1)
Upside-Down Stomach
514(1)
Gastric Diverticula
514(1)
Gastroesophageal Prolapse
514(1)
Mallory---Weiss Tears
514(1)
Gastritis
515(16)
Endoscopic Aspects
515(3)
Histological Aspects
518(1)
Nosological Causes of Gastric Inflammation
519(1)
Infectious Gastritis
520(3)
Autoimmune Gastritis
523(1)
Drug-Induced Gastric Mucosal Damage
524(2)
Hypertrophic-Hyperplastic Gastritis
526(1)
Granulomatous Gastritis
526(1)
Enterogastric or Biliary Reflux Gastritis
527(1)
Physical-Chemical and Caustic Gastritis
527(1)
Stress-Induced Gastritis
528(1)
Ischemia and Vasculitis
528(1)
Miscellaneous Idiopathic Conditions
529(2)
Vascular Disorders
531(2)
Gastric Ulcer
533(2)
Gastric Polyps
535(6)
Epithelial Lesions
535(5)
Subepithelial Mesenchymal Polypoid Lesions
540(1)
Malignant Epithelial Tumors, Gastric Cancer
541(8)
Early Gastric Cancer
542(2)
Advanced Gastric Cancer
544(3)
Malignant Nonepithelial Tumors
547(2)
Postoperative Stomach
549(3)
References
552(3)
Duodenal and Small-Intestinal Diseases
555(16)
Blair S. Lewis
Small-Bowel Tumors
555(5)
Stromal Tumors
557(1)
Adenoma and Adenocarcinoma
557(1)
Nonneoplastic Polyps
558(1)
Lipomas
558(1)
Carcinoid
559(1)
Lymphoma
559(1)
Kaposi's Sarcoma
560(1)
Metastatic Disease
560(1)
Ulcerative and Erosive Diseases of the Small Bowel
560(3)
Crohn's Disease
560(1)
Zollinger-Ellison Syndrome
560(1)
Infections
561(1)
Medication Effects
561(1)
Vasculitis
561(1)
Radiation Injury
562(1)
Mesenteric Ischemia
562(1)
Graft-versus-Host Disease (GVHD)
562(1)
Congenital Lesions
563(1)
Diverticula and Duplication Cysts
563(1)
Meckel's Diverticulum
563(1)
Duplication Cysts
564(1)
Vascular Anomalies
564(3)
Malabsorption
567(1)
Celiac Disease
567(1)
Whipple's Disease
567(1)
Amyloid
568(1)
References
568(3)
Diseases of the Ampulla
571(6)
Nalini M. Guda
Joseph E. Geenen
Introduction
571(1)
Anatomic Variations
571(1)
Papillitis
572(1)
Tumors of the Ampulla of Vater
573(1)
Periampullary Fistula
574(1)
Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
574(1)
Diseases of the Minor Papilla
575(1)
References
575(2)
Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding Disorders
577(19)
Shiv K. Sarin
Vikram Bhatia
Justin C.Y. Wu
Joseph J.Y. Sung
Variceal Bleeding in Cirrhosis
577(10)
Shiv K. Sarin
Vikram Bhatia
Anatomy of Esophageal and Gastric Varices
577(1)
Classification Systems
577(1)
Local and Systemic Hemodynamics
577(1)
Predictors of First Variceal Bleed
578(1)
Natural History
579(1)
Treatment of Acute Esophageal Variceal Hemorrhage
580(3)
Treatment of Acute Gastric Variceal Hemorrhage
583(3)
Prophylaxis
586(1)
Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
587(4)
Justin C.Y. Wu
Joseph J.Y. Sung
Introduction
587(1)
Preendoscopy Management
587(1)
Peptic Ulcer
588(1)
Gastric and Duodenal Erosion and Hemorrhage
589(1)
Mallory-Weiss Syndrome
589(1)
Esophagitis and Esophageal Ulcers
589(1)
Dieulafoy Lesion
590(1)
Gastric Antral Vascular Ectasia
590(1)
Upper Gastrointestinal Tumors
591(1)
Other Rare Causes of Nonvariceal Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
591(1)
References
591(5)
VII Lower Gastrointestinal Tract Diseases
Charles J. Lightdale
Guido N.J. Tytgat
Alexander Meining
Colorectal Disorders
596(21)
Witold Bartnik
Jacek Pachlewski
Jaroslaw Regula
Colorectal Polyps
596(6)
Hereditary Colorectal Syndromes
602(2)
Colorectal Cancer
604(2)
Ischemic Colitis
606(1)
Pseudomembranous Colitis
606(1)
Bacterial Colitis
607(1)
Tuberculosis
608(1)
Viral Colitis
609(1)
Diverticular Disease
609(1)
Microscopic Colitis
610(1)
Drug-Induced and Chemical-Induced Colopathy
611(1)
Melanosis Coli
611(1)
Pneumatosis Cystoides Intestinalis
612(1)
Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome
612(1)
Colitis Cystica Profunda
613(1)
Stercoral Ulcers
613(1)
Lipomas
613(1)
Large-Bowel Carcinoids
613(1)
Colonic Endometriosis
614(1)
Metastases to the Large Bowel
614(1)
Other Diseases
614(1)
References
614(3)
Endoscopy of Inflammatory Bowel Disease
617(24)
Wojciech Blonski
David Kotlyar
Gary R. Lichtenstein
Introduction
617(1)
Preparation for Colonoscopy
617(1)
Endoscopic Evaluation of Disease Activity
617(3)
Ulcerative Colitis
617(1)
Crohn's Disease
618(2)
Endoscopic Characteristics of IBD
620(5)
Colonoscopy
620(1)
Complications
620(1)
Normal Colonic Mucosa
620(1)
Ulcerative Colitis
620(5)
Crohn's Disease
625(1)
Upper Endoscopy
625(1)
Ulcerative Colitis
625(1)
Crohn's Disease
625(1)
Surgery for IBD
626(1)
Pouchitis
626(1)
Postoperative Recurrence of Crohn's Disease
626(1)
Complications of Crohn's Disease
627(3)
Strictures
627(1)
Acute Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
627(1)
Differential Diagnosis
627(3)
Cancer and IBD
630(4)
Risk of Colorectal Cancer
630(1)
Dysplasia
630(1)
Endoscopic Surveillance
630(2)
Endoscopic Features Associated with Dysplasia
632(1)
Endoscopic Detection of Colonic Neoplasia
632(2)
Capsule Endoscopy
634(1)
Enteroscopy
634(1)
Push Enteroscopy
634(1)
Double-Balloon Enteroscopy
634(1)
Perioperative Endoscopy
635(1)
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
636(1)
Endoscopic Ultrasonography (EUS)
636(1)
Conclusions
636(1)
Acknowledgment
637(1)
References
637(4)
Lower Intestinal Bleeding Disorders
641(18)
Juergen Barnert
Helmut Messmann
Definitions
641(1)
General Aspects
641(1)
Epidemiology
641(1)
Clinical Course and Prognosis
641(1)
Diagnostic Approach
641(4)
History
641(1)
Physical Examination
641(1)
Laboratory Studies
642(1)
Endoscopy
642(2)
Nonendoscopic Methods
644(1)
Differential Diagnosis
645(5)
Colon
645(3)
Small Bowel
648(2)
Therapy
650(2)
Initial Resuscitation
650(1)
Endoscopy
650(1)
Radiologic Angiotherapy
651(1)
Surgery
651(1)
Pharmacotherapy
651(1)
Differential Endoscopic Therapy
652(1)
Impact of Endoscopy on the Outcome
653(1)
References
654(5)
Anorectal Disease
659(11)
Joep F.W.M. Bartelsman
Proctitis
659(3)
Infectious Proctitis
659(1)
Gonorrhea
659(1)
Chlamydial Infection
659(1)
Syphilis
660(1)
Herpes Simplex Virus (HSV)
660(1)
CMV Infection
660(1)
Ischemic Proctitis
660(1)
Radiation Proctitis
660(2)
Solitary Rectal Ulcer Syndrome
662(1)
Anal Fissure
663(1)
Hemorrhoids
663(1)
Rectal Prolapse
664(1)
Condylomata Acuminata (Genital Warts)
665(1)
Anal Cancer
665(1)
Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia
666(1)
References
667(3)
VIII Biliopancreatic, Hepatic, and Peritoneal Diseases
Charles J. Lightdale
Meinhard Classen
D. Nageshwar Reddy
Biliary Tract Diseases
670(23)
Nathan J. Shores
John Baillie
Introduction
670(1)
Procedures
670(1)
General Indications for ERCP and EUS
670(1)
Antibiotic Coverage
670(1)
Contrast Allergy
671(1)
Difficult Anatomy
671(1)
The Normal Cholangiogram
671(1)
Cholelithiasis
672(1)
Choledocholithiasis
673(6)
Background
673(1)
ERCP, EUS, or MRCP to Diagnose Choledocholithiasis?
673(1)
Endoscopic Management
674(5)
Gallbladder Lesions
679(1)
Biliary Malignancy
680(2)
Malignancy Affecting the Biliary Tree
680(1)
A Potpourri of Imaging Techniques
680(1)
EUS or ERCP in the Diagnosis of Biliary Malignancy
680(1)
Tissue Sampling
681(1)
Staging of Bile Duct Tumors
682(1)
Biliary Stenting
682(1)
Miscellaneous Conditions in the Biliary Tree
682(11)
Primary Sclerosing Cholangitis
682(2)
Choledochal Cysts
684(1)
Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
685(2)
Biliary Parasites
687(1)
Some Recent Developments
687(1)
References
688(5)
Pancreatic Disease
693(30)
Evan L. Fogel
Furquaan Ahmed
Stuart Sherman
Introduction
693(1)
Developmental Anomalies of the Pancreas
693(9)
Pancreas Divisum: Diagnosis and Therapy
693(7)
Annular Pancreas
700(1)
Pancreatic Agenesis
701(1)
Anomalous Pancreaticobiliary Ductal Junction
701(1)
Acute Pancreatitis
702(5)
Acute Gallstone Pancreatitis
702(2)
Acute Recurrent Pancreatitits of Known or Unknown Cause
704(1)
Unresolving Acute Pancreatitis
705(2)
Chronic Pancreatitis
707(9)
Pancretic Strictures
707(2)
Pancreatic Ductal Stones
709(3)
Pancreatic Pseudocysts and Fistulas
712(2)
Biliary Obstruction in Chronic Pancreatitis
714(1)
Autoimmune Pancreatitis
715(1)
Sphincter of Oddi Dysfunction
715(1)
Pancreatic Neoplasms
716(3)
Conclusions
719(1)
References
719(4)
Diseases of the Liver and Peritoneum
723(19)
H. Juergen Nord
Introduction
723(1)
Diseases of the Liver and Biliary System
723(6)
Normal Findings
723(1)
Fatty Liver
724(1)
Acute and Chronic Hepatitis
725(4)
Focal Liver Lesions
729(5)
Benign Focal Lesions
729(2)
Focal Malignant Lesions
731(3)
Peritoneal Disorders
734(3)
Primary Peritoneal Disease
734(1)
Metastatic Disease
735(1)
Infectious Diseases
736(1)
Ascites of Unknown Cause
736(1)
Perihepatitis
736(1)
Chronic and Acute Pain Syndromes
736(1)
Acute Abdomen, Blunt Abdominal Trauma
737(1)
References
737(5)
IX Infectious Diseases of the Gastrointestinal Tract
Infectious Diseases of the Intestines
742(11)
Paul Feuerstadt
Lawrence J. Brandt
Introduction
742(1)
Clinical Features
742(2)
History
742(1)
Physical Examination
742(1)
Diagnostic Testing
742(1)
Differentiating Infectious Colitis from Inflammatory Bowel Disease
743(1)
Treatment
744(1)
Specific Organisms
745(5)
Viruses
745(1)
Bacteria
745(3)
Parasitic Diseases
748(2)
References
750(3)
Intestinal Abnormalities in AIDS
753(13)
Andrew T. Pellecchia
Lawrence J. Brandt
Introduction
753(1)
Dysphagia and Odynophagia
753(2)
Etiology
753(1)
Candida Esophagitis
754(1)
Cytomegalovirus
754(1)
Herpes Simplex Virus
754(1)
Idiopathic (Aphthous) Ulcers
754(1)
Other
754(1)
Abdominal Pain
755(1)
Gastric Diseases
755(1)
Cytomegalovirus
755(1)
Kaposi's Sarcoma
755(1)
Lymphoma
756(1)
Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC)
756(1)
Pancreaticobiliary Diseases
756(1)
Pancreatitis
756(1)
Acalculous Cholecystitis
756(1)
AIDS Cholangiopathy
757(1)
Diarrhea
757(3)
Pathogens
757(1)
Diagnostic Yield
758(1)
Specific Pathogens and Endoscopic Appearance
759(1)
Gastrointestinal Bleeding
760(1)
AIDS-Related Upper Gastrointestinal Bleeding
760(1)
AIDS-Related Lower Gastrointestinal Bleeding
760(1)
AIDS and the Endoscopist
761(1)
Conclusions
761(1)
References
761(5)
X Pediatric Endoscopy
Guido N.J. Tytgat
Charles J. Lightdale
Meinhard Classen
Pediatric Endoscopy
766(40)
Victor L. Fox
Introduction
766(1)
Patient Preparation
766(3)
Emotional Preparation
766(1)
Dietary Restrictions
767(1)
Sedation
767(2)
Antibiotic Prophylaxis
769(1)
Contraindications
769(1)
Equipment
769(1)
Upper Gastrointestinal Endoscopy
769(13)
Indications and Specific Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications
770(12)
Enteroscopy
782(1)
Colonoscopy
783(3)
Bowel Preparation
783(1)
Equipment
784(1)
Basic Technique
784(1)
Polypectomy
784(1)
Indications and Contraindications
785(1)
Specific Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications
786(3)
Endoscopic Retrograde Cholangiopancreatography
789(7)
Introduction
789(1)
Equipment
790(1)
Patient Preparation and Sedation
790(1)
Basic Technique
790(1)
Role of the Pediatric Endoscopist
790(1)
Contraindications
790(1)
Diagnostic and Therapeutic Indications
790(1)
Biliary Conditions
791(5)
Pancreatic Conditions
796(2)
Gastrointestinal Endosonography
798(3)
References
801(5)
Index 806
Professor of Medicine, Director of Clinical Gastroenterology, Columbia-Presbyterian Medical Center, New York, NY, USA