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E-grāmata: Genes, Brain Function, and Behavior: What Genes Do, How They Malfunction, and Ways to Repair Damage

(Department of Psychology, University of Alberta, Canada)
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Mar-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128128336
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Genes, Brain Function, and Behavior: What Genes Do, How They Malfunction, and Ways to Repair DamagePalielināt
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 14-Mar-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Academic Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128128336
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Genes, Brain Function, and Behavior offers a concise description of the nervous system that processes sensory input and initiates motor movements. It reviews how behaviors are defined and measured, and how experts decide when a behavior is perturbed and in need of treatment. Behavioral disorders that are clearly related to a defect in a specific gene are reviewed, and the challenges of understanding complex traits such as intelligence, autism and schizophrenia that involve numerous genes and environmental factors are explored. New methods of altering genes offer hope for treating or even preventing difficulties that arise in our genes. This book explains what genes are, what they do in the nervous system, and how this impacts both brain function and behavior.

  • Presents essential background, facts, and terminology about genes, brain function, and behavior
  • Builds clear explanations on this solid foundation while minimizing technical jargon
  • Explores in depth several single-gene and chromosomal neurological disorders
  • Derives lessons from these clear examples and highlights key lessons in boxes
  • Examines the intricacies of complex traits that involve multiple genetic and environmental factors by applying lessons from simpler disorders
  • Explains diagnosis and definition
  • Includes a companion website with Powerpoint slides and images for each chapter for instructors and links to resources
Author Biography ix
Preface xi
Acknowledgments xv
1 Levels and Explanations 1(8)
Levels and Scientific Disciplines
1(1)
Levels and Size
2(1)
Properties and Connections
3(1)
Levels and Genes
4(1)
Animal Models
5(1)
The Experience of Pain
6(1)
Expertise and Applications
7(1)
Highlights
7(1)
References
8(1)
2 Genes 9(10)
DNA, RNA and Protein
9(3)
Gene Names and Gene Functions
12(2)
Mutation
14(2)
Genotype and Phenotype
16(1)
Sources of Information
17(1)
Highlights
17(1)
References
18(1)
Further Reading
18(1)
3 Gene Expression 19(12)
Inside and Outside the Nucleus
19(2)
Gene Expression
21(1)
Suppression of Gene Expression
22(1)
Early Experience and Lasting Changes
23(1)
Learning and Memory
24(1)
Transgenerational Effects of Environment
25(1)
Genes, Environment, Other
25(2)
Heredity
27(1)
A Gut Feeling About Heredity
27(1)
Definitions Used in This Book
28(1)
Highlights
28(1)
References
29(2)
4 The Nervous System 31(20)
Gross Anatomy and Art
31(1)
Parts of the Brain
32(2)
Neurons
34(1)
Complexity
35(1)
Synaptic Transmission
36(3)
Gene Expression in Brain
39(1)
Sensory Input
40(6)
Motor Output
46(2)
Functions and Systems
48(1)
Highlights
48(1)
References
49(2)
5 Development 51(16)
The Early Embryo
51(2)
Emergence of the Nervous System
53(6)
Making Connections
59(2)
Plasticity of Development
61(2)
Highlights
63(1)
References
64(3)
6 Behavior 67(16)
Kinds of Tests and Measures
67(4)
Behaviors Vs Psychological Constructs
71(1)
Goals of Testing and Applications of Test Scores
72(1)
Standardized Psychological Tests
72(2)
Changing Standards
74(2)
Tests With No Standards
76(1)
Clinical Interview and Diagnosis
77(3)
Conclusions
80(1)
Highlights
80(1)
References
81(2)
7 Single-Gene and Chromosomal Disorders 83(8)
Alleles
83(2)
Genetic Transmission
85(2)
The Relation of Genotype to Phenotype: Gene Expression
87(1)
Multiple Alleles, Genotypes, and Phenotypes
87(2)
Instructive Examples
89(1)
Highlights
89(1)
References
90(1)
8 Phenylketonuria (PKU) 91(14)
Transmission and Frequency
92(1)
Chemical Pathway and Prevention
93(1)
Newborn Screening, Prevention and a Critical Period
94(1)
Carrier Detection
95(1)
Other Causes of Elevated Phenylalanine
95(1)
Diet Termination
96(1)
Maternal PKU
96(1)
Social Factors and Compliance
97(1)
Lessons Learned 30 Years Ago
97(1)
Highlights Part 1
98(1)
30 Years Later
98(2)
The Future
100(2)
Highlights Part 2
102(1)
References
103(2)
9 Huntington Disease 105(10)
History
105(1)
An Expandable Mutation
106(1)
Mutant Genotype, Normal Phenotype
107(1)
Diagnosis
108(1)
The Function of Huntingtin Protein
108(1)
Mouse Models
108(3)
Treatment of Human HD
111(1)
Prevention of HD in Current Generation
111(1)
Prevention of HD in Future Generations
112(1)
Highlights
113(1)
References
113(1)
Further Reading
114(1)
10 Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (AIS) 115(14)
History
115(1)
Modes of Transmission and Expression
115(1)
Hormone Synthesis and Receptors
116(1)
AR Gene Structure and Function
116(2)
Embryo Sex Development
118(1)
Phenotypes and Genotypes in AIS
119(1)
Kennedy Disease
120(1)
Gene Expression and Function
120(1)
Sex Differences in Gene Expression
121(1)
Other Phenotypes
122(1)
Women in Sports
123(1)
Treatment
123(1)
Terminology, Respect and Human Rights
124(2)
Highlights
126(1)
References
126(3)
11 Leber's Optic Neuropathy 129(8)
The Puzzle Solved: Mitochondria
130(1)
Incomplete Penetrance, Sex, Smoking, Recovery
131(1)
Prevalence and Founder Effects
132(1)
What the Genes Do
132(2)
Treatment and Cure
134(1)
Highlights
135(1)
References
135(1)
Further Reading
136(1)
12 Down Syndrome 137(12)
History
137(1)
Terminology-The Demise of "Mongolism"
137(1)
The Syndrome
138(1)
Trisomy 21
139(1)
Maternal Age and Parental Origin of the Extra Chromosome
139(1)
Screening for Down Syndrome
140(1)
Prevalence and Mortality
141(1)
Genes in the DS Critical Region
141(3)
Mouse Models to the Rescue?
144(1)
Into the Mainstream
144(1)
The Continuing Quest for a Cure
145(1)
Highlights
146(1)
References
146(3)
13 The XYY Male 149(10)
Speckulation
150(1)
Frequencies of XYY in Large Surveys
150(1)
New Research Ethics and Old Myths
151(1)
In Search of a Syndrome
152(1)
Mortality and Termination
152(1)
Crime Revisited
153(1)
The Case of Mario: Imputable and Dangerous?
153(1)
Genes on the Y
154(2)
Other Chromosome Anomalies
156(1)
Highlights
156(1)
References
157(2)
14 Complex Traits 159(14)
Two Approaches to Understanding Heredity
160(1)
Finding Genes and Mutations
161(3)
Galton and Correlation
164(3)
Heritability
167(3)
Highlights
170(1)
References
171(1)
Further Reading
172(1)
15 Intelligence 173(24)
The Rise of Intelligence Testing
173(4)
Effect Size
177(1)
Environment
177(4)
Heritability
181(5)
Statistical Interlude: Inferential Statistics
186(1)
Single Genes and IQ
187(4)
Intellectual Disability
191(2)
Highlights
193(1)
References
193(2)
Further Reading
195(2)
16 Autism 197(14)
Definition and Diagnosis
197(3)
Heredity and Environment
200(2)
Treatment
202(1)
Single Gene Mutations
203(4)
Reducing the Prevalence of Autism
207(1)
Highlights
208(1)
References
209(1)
Further Reading
210(1)
17 Schizophrenia 211(24)
The Era of LCD and DSM
211(1)
Sane in Insane Places
212(1)
DSM-3 to -5
212(1)
Research Domain Criteria (RDoC)
213(1)
Environment
214(3)
Heredity and Family
217(1)
Twins
218(4)
Single Genes
222(6)
Drug Therapy
228(2)
Highlights
230(1)
References
231(4)
18 Sexuality and Gender 235(16)
Varieties of Traits
235(3)
Population Prevalence
238(1)
Who Is Abnormal?
239(1)
Heredity
240(5)
Environment
245(2)
Another Look at "Born This Way"
247(2)
Highlights
249(1)
References
249(2)
19 Race 251(18)
A Brief History of Humanity
251(6)
What is a Race?
257(3)
Phenotypes
260(4)
Beyond Science
264(1)
Highlights
265(1)
References
266(1)
Further Reading
267(2)
20 The Future 269(10)
What Genes Do
269(1)
Anticipating Future Trends
270(2)
Miracle Cures?
272(1)
Cystic Fibrosis Dizzying Complexity and Cost
272(1)
Renewed Eugenics?
273(1)
Ethical Standards
274(2)
References
276(3)
Index 279
Dr. Wahlsten received his Ph.D. degree in psychology from the University of California Irvine and completed his postdoctoral work in behavior genetics at the Institute for Behavioral Genetics at the University of Colorado. He then established research laboratories at the University of Waterloo, the University of Alberta, and the University of North Carolina. The laboratory work involved genetic and developmental analysis of mouse brain defects and methods of behavioral testing. He also acquired expertise in statistical data analysis and theoretical issues central to the field. He was a co-founder of the very successful journal Genes, Brain and Behavior, and was given the Distinguished Scientist award by the International Behavioral and Neural Genetics Society. Throughout his career, he has taught behavioral and neural genetics to undergraduate and graduate students.
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