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Geoinformatics [Mīkstie vāki]

  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 224 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Jan-2015
  • Izdevniecība: New Academic Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 1781830258
  • ISBN-13: 9781781830253
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GeoinformaticsPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 224 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Jan-2015
  • Izdevniecība: New Academic Science Ltd
  • ISBN-10: 1781830258
  • ISBN-13: 9781781830253
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781781830253.html
Keywords:
Preface v
Acknowledgement vii
SECTION I GEOINFORMATICS
Chapter 1 Introduction
4(7)
1.0 General
3(1)
1.1 Mutual Relationship of Components of Geoinformatics
3(8)
SECTION II PLANE SURVEYING
Chapter 2 Introduction and Basic Concepts
11(7)
2.0 Introduction
7(1)
2.1 Definition and Principle of Surveying
7(1)
2.1.1 Definition of Surveying
7(1)
2.1.2 Principle of Surveying
7(1)
2.2 Definitions of Some Basic Terms
8(1)
2.3 Concept of Errors in Surveying
9(1)
2.3.1 Classification of Errors
10(1)
2.3.2 Sources of Errors
11(1)
2.3.3 Propagation of Errors
11(7)
Chapter 3 Horizontal Distance Measurement
18(11)
3.0 Introduction
12(1)
3.1 Methods of Distance Measurements
12(1)
3.1.1 Distance Measurements by Direct Method
12(2)
3.1.2 Distance Measurements by Indirect Methods
14(3)
3.1.3 Distance Measurements with EDM
17(12)
Chapter 4 Angle and Direction Measurement
29(7)
4.0 Introduction
19(1)
4.1 Classification of Angles and Directions
19(1)
4.1.1 Bearings
20(1)
4.1.2 Azimuths
20(1)
4.1.3 Deflection Angles
21(1)
4.1.4 Angles to the Right
22(1)
4.1.5 Interior Angles
22(1)
4.2 Theodolite
22(1)
4.2.1 Main Parts of a Theodolite
22(1)
4.2.2 Definitions of Some Technical Terms
23(1)
4.2.3 Geometry of Theodolite
24(1)
4.2.4 Adjustments of a Theodolite
25(1)
4.2.5 Horizontal Angle Measurement with a Theodolite
25(2)
4.2.6 Vertical Angle Measurement with a Theodolite
27(1)
4.2.7 Miscellaneous Field Operations with a Theodolite
27(1)
4.2.8 Errors in Theodolite Measurements
28(1)
4.3 Magnetic Compass
28(1)
4.3.1 Magnetic Declination
29(1)
4.3.2 Local Attraction
29(7)
Chapter 5 Vertical Distance Measurements
36(6)
5.0 Introduction
30(1)
5.1 Methods of Levelling
30(1)
5.1.1 Direct Differential Levelling
30(5)
5.1.2 Indirect or Trigonometric Levelling
35(1)
5.1.3 Barometric Levelling
36(6)
Chapter 6 Contouring
42(12)
6.0 Introduction
37(1)
6.1 Definitions
37(1)
6.2 Concept of Contours and Contour Gradient
37(2)
6.3 Characteristics of Contours
39(2)
6.4 Methods of Contouring
41(1)
6.4.1 Direct Method
41(1)
6.4.2 Indirect Method
41(1)
6.5 Uses of Contours
42(12)
Chapter 7 Plane-table Surveying
54(7)
7.0 Introduction
43(1)
7.1 Advantages and Disadvantages
43(1)
7.2 Principle of Plane Tabling
44(1)
7.3 Plane Table and Accessories
44(2)
7.4 Drawing Paper
46(1)
7.5 Basic Definitions
46(1)
7.6 Setting up the Plane Table
46(1)
7.7 Orienting the Plane Table
47(2)
7.8 Plane Tabling Methods
49(1)
7.8.1 Radiation
49(1)
7.8.2 Intersection
49(1)
7.8.3 Traversing
50(1)
7.8.4 Resection
50(4)
7.9 Errors in Plane Tabling
54(7)
Chapter 8 Control Surveys
61(6)
8.0 Introduction
55(1)
8.1 Definitions
55(1)
8.2 Types of Traverses
55(1)
8.2.1 Open Traverse
56(1)
8.2.2 Closed Traverse
56(1)
8.3 Classification of Traverse
57(1)
8.3.1 Based on Methods of Measurement of Horizontal Angles
57(1)
8.3.2 Based on Instruments Employed
57(1)
8.4 Traverse Procedure
57(1)
8.5 Computation of Coordinates
58(2)
8.6 Balancing the Traverse
60(1)
8.6.1 Bowditch's Method
60(1)
8.6.2 Graphical Method
61(6)
SECTION III PHOTOGRAMMETRY
Chapter 9 Photogrammetry
67(15)
9.0 Introduction
65(1)
9.1 Types of Photogrammetry
65(1)
9.2 Applications of Photogrammetry
66(1)
9.3 Merits and Demerits of Photogrammetry
66(1)
9.4 Limitation of Photogrammetry in Land Surveying
67(15)
Chapter 10 Properties of Aerial Photography
82(7)
10.0 Introduction
68(1)
10.1 Aerial Photographs
68(3)
10.2 Aerial Photogrammetry
71(1)
10.2.1 Photocoordinate System
71(2)
10.2.2 Definitions of Technical Terms
73(1)
10.2.3 Geometric Properties of Aerial Photograph
74(1)
10.2.4 Scale of a Vertical Photograph
74(2)
10.2.5 Ground Coordinates from a Vertical Photograph
76(1)
10.2.6 Relief Displacement on a Vertical Photograph
77(1)
10.3 Flight Planning
78(1)
10.3.1 Overlaps
78(2)
10.3.2 Computation of Flight Plan
80(9)
Chapter 11 Stereophotogrammetry
89(6)
11.0 Introduction
83(1)
11.1 Stereoscopic Vision and Depth Perception
83(1)
11.2 Stereoscopic Viewing of Photographs
84(2)
11.3 Parallax in Stereoscopic Views
86(1)
11.3.1 Algebraic Definition of Parallax
87(1)
11.3.2 Difference in Elevation by Stereoscopic Parallax
87(1)
11.3.3 Measurement of Parallax
87(1)
11.3.4 Concept of Floating Mark in Measurement of Parallax
88(1)
11.4 Aerial Photointerpretation
89(6)
SECTION IV REMOTE SENSING
Chapter 12 Remote Sensing
95(8)
12.0 Introduction
93(1)
12.1 Principle of Remote Sensing
93(1)
12.2 Advantages and Disadvantages of Remote Sensing
94(1)
12.3 Multi-concept of Remote Sensing
95(1)
12.4 Applications of Remote Sensing
95(8)
Chapter 13 Electromagnetic Energy
103(6)
13.0 Introduction
96(1)
13.1 Electromagnetic Energy
96(1)
13.2 Electromagnetic Spectrum and its Characteristics
97(1)
13.3 Electromagnetic Energy Interaction
98(2)
13.4 Resolution
100(1)
13.5 Image Histogram
101(1)
13.6 Pure and Mixed Pixels
102(7)
Chapter 14 Sensors and Platforms
109(5)
14.0 Introduction
104(1)
14.1 Broad Classifications of Sensors and Platforms
104(1)
14.2 Sensors and Satellites Launched for Different Missions
105(1)
14.2.1 Land Observation Satellites and Sensors
105(1)
14.2.2 High Resolution Sensors
106(1)
14.2.3 Earth Observing (EO-1) Satellites
107(1)
14.2.4 Radarsat-1
107(1)
14.2.5 Weather Satellites
108(6)
Chapter 15 Satellite Data Products
114(14)
15.0 Introduction
110(1)
15.1 Data Reception, Transmission and Processing
110(1)
15.2 Remote Sensing Data
111(1)
15.2.1 Digital Data
111(1)
15.2.2 Tape Format
112(2)
15.2.3 Data Products
114(14)
Chapter 16 Image Interpretation and Digital Image Processing
128(5)
16.0 Introduction
115(1)
16.1 Image Interpretation
115(1)
16.1.1 Interpretation Procedure
116(1)
16.1.2 Image Characteristics
116(1)
16.1.3 Image Interpretation Strategies
117(1)
16.1.4 Photomorphic Analysis
117(1)
16.1.5 Image Interpretation Keys
117(1)
16.1.6 Equipment for Image Interpretation
118(1)
16.2 Digital Image Processing (DIP)
118(1)
16.2.1 Image Rectification and Restoration
119(1)
16.2.2 Image Enhancement
119(1)
16.2.3 Image Transformation
119(1)
16.2.4 Image Classification
120(2)
16.2.5 Classification Accuracy Assessment
122(1)
16.2.6 Data Merging and GIS Integration
122(1)
16.3 False Colour Images Used in Interpretation
123(1)
16.3.1 True Colour Image
123(1)
16.3.2 False Colour Image
123(1)
16.3.3 Panchromatic Image
123(1)
16.3.4 Multispectral Image
124(1)
16.3.5 Colour Composite Image
125(8)
Chapter 17 Application of Remote Sensing
133(6)
17.0 Introduction
129(1)
17.1 More about The Application of Remote Sensing Data
129(1)
17.2 Land Use and Land Cover Mapping
130(1)
17.3 Ground Water Mapping
131(2)
17.4 Disaster Management
133(6)
SECTION V GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEM
Chapter 18 Geographic Information System
139(10)
18.0 Introduction
137(1)
18.1 Definition of GIS
137(1)
18.2 Components of GIS
138(1)
18.3 Understanding the GIS
139(10)
Chapter 19 GIS Data
149(6)
19.0 Introduction
140(1)
19.1 Input Data and Sources
140(1)
19.2 Data Acquisition
141(1)
19.2.1 Data from Satellite Remote Sensing
141(1)
19.2.2 Data from Existing Maps
141(1)
19.2.3 Data from Photogrammetry
141(1)
19.2.4 Data from Field Surveying
141(1)
19.2.5 Data from GPS
141(1)
19.2.6 Data from Internet/World Wide Web (WWW)
141(1)
19.2.7 Attribute Data Tagging
141(1)
19.3 Layer Concept of Data Storage in GIS
142(1)
19.4 Data Verification and Editing
143(1)
19.5 Georeferencing of GIS Data
143(1)
19.6 Spatial Data Errors
144(1)
19.7 Spatial Data Models and Structure
144(1)
19.8 GIS Database and Database Management System
145(1)
19.9 Topology
146(2)
19.10 Types of Output Products
148(1)
19.11 Spatial Data Analysis
149(6)
Chapter 20 GIS Application
155(5)
20.0 Introduction
150(1)
20.1 Problem Identification
150(1)
20.2 Designing a Data Model
151(1)
20.3 Project Management
151(1)
20.4 Identifying Implementation Problem
151(1)
20.5 Selecting an Appropriate GIS Software
152(1)
20.6 Project Evaluation
152(1)
20.7 Case Studies
153(1)
20.7.1 Site Suitability for Urban Planning
153(1)
20.7.2 Road Accident Analysis
154(6)
SECTION VI GLOBAL POSITIONING SYSTEM
Chapter 21 Introduction and Basic Concepts
160(4)
21.0 Introduction
159(1)
21.1 What is Unique About GPS?
159(1)
21.2 Advantages of GPS over Traditional Surveying
159(1)
21.3 Limitations of GPS Based Surveying
160(1)
21.4 GPS a New Utility
160(4)
Chapter 22 Satellite Ranging
164(6)
22.0 Introduction
161(1)
22.1 Principles of GPS Working
161(1)
22.1.1 Satellite Ranging
162(1)
22.1.2 Measuring Distance from a Satellite
162(2)
22.1.3 Atomic Clock and Determination of Position
164(6)
Chapter 23 GPS Components
170(4)
23.0 Introduction
165(1)
23.1 Space Segment
166(1)
23.1.1 Satellite Identification
167(1)
23.1.2 Satellite Signals
167(1)
23.2 Control Segment
168(1)
23.2.1 Master Control Station
169(1)
23.2.2 Monitor Stations
170(1)
23.2.3 Ground Antennas
170(1)
23.3 User Segment
170(4)
Chapter 24 GPS Receivers for Surveying
174(7)
24.0 Introduction
171(1)
24.1 GPS Receivers and its Features
171(1)
24.1.1 Surveying Receivers
172(1)
24.1.2 Receivers by Method of Operation
173(1)
24.2 GPS Errors
174(7)
Chapter 25 GPS Surveying
181(2)
25.0 Introduction
175(1)
25.1 GPS Navigation and GPS Surveying
175(1)
25.2 GPS Surveying Techniques
175(1)
25.2.1 Rapid-static GPS Surveying
176(1)
25.2.2 Stop-and-Go GPS Surveying
177(1)
25.2.3 Kinematic GPS Surveying
178(1)
25.3 Real-time GPS Surveying and Mapping Techniques
179(1)
25.3.1 DGPS Technique
180(1)
25.3.2 RTK-GPS Technique
180(3)
Index 183