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E-grāmata: Grain Boundaries and Crystalline Plasticity

Edited by (Paris-Sud University, Orsay, France)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Feb-2013
  • Izdevniecība: ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118603086
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Grain Boundaries and Crystalline PlasticityPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Feb-2013
  • Izdevniecība: ISTE Ltd and John Wiley & Sons Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781118603086
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The main purpose of this book is to put forward the fundamental role of grain boundaries in the plasticity of crystalline materials.

To understand this role requires a multi-scale approach to plasticity: starting from the atomic description of a grain boundary and its defects, moving on to the elemental interaction processes between dislocations and grain boundaries, and finally showing how the microscopic phenomena influence the macroscopic behaviors and constitutive laws.

It involves bringing together physical, chemical and mechanical studies. The investigated properties are: deformation at low and high temperature, creep, fatigue and rupture.
Preface xi
Chapter 1 Grain Boundary Structures and Defects
1(46)
Jany Thibault-Penisson
Louisette Priester
1.1 Equilibrium structure of grain boundaries
1(17)
1.1.1 Geometric description and elements of bicrystallography
2(4)
1.1.2 Grain boundary structure in terms of intrinsic dislocations
6(4)
1.1.3 Grain boundary atomic structure - structural unit model
10(5)
1.1.4 Energetic atomic description
15(3)
1.2 Crystalline defects of grain boundaries
18(23)
1.2.1 Point defects - intergranular segregation
19(10)
1.2.2 Linear defects: extrinsic dislocations
29(9)
1.2.3 Volume defects - grain boundary precipitation
38(3)
1.3 Conclusion
41(1)
1.4 Bibliography
42(5)
Chapter 2 Elementary Grain Boundary Deformation Mechanisms
47(62)
Jean-Philippe Couzjnie
Louisette Priester
2.1 Dislocation in close proximity to a grain boundary
48(1)
2.2 Elastic interaction between dislocations and grain boundaries: image force
49(3)
2.3 Short range (or core) interaction between dislocations and grain boundaries
52(29)
2.3.1 Geometric and energetic criteria for slip transmission
54(3)
2.3.2 Elementary mechanisms of dislocations at grain boundaries
57(7)
2.3.3 Atomic scale simulations of interaction mechanisms between dislocations and grain boundaries
64(5)
2.3.4 Experimental observations of interaction mechanisms
69(8)
2.3.5 Elastic stress fields associated with extrinsic dislocations
77(4)
2.4 Relaxation of stress fields associated with extrinsic dislocations
81(17)
2.4.1 Relaxation processes in a grain boundary
82(2)
2.4.2 Evolution of stress fields with relaxation time
84(2)
2.4.3 Experimental studies of grain boundary relaxation phenomena
86(10)
2.4.4 Conclusion
96(2)
2.5 Relationships between elementary interface mechanisms and mechanical behaviors of materials
98(4)
2.6 Bibliography
102(7)
Chapter 3 Grain Boundaries in Cold Deformation
109(56)
Colette Rey
Denis Solas
Olivier Fandeur
3.1 Introduction
109(2)
3.2 Plastic compatibility and incompatibility of deformation at grain boundaries
111(6)
3.2.1 General points
111(5)
3.2.2 Calculation of incompatibilities in a bicrystal
116(1)
3.3 Internal stresses in polycrystal grains
117(12)
3.3.1 Notions of crystalline plasticity, single crystal behavior for use in polycrystalline models
118(4)
3.3.2 Internal stresses in polycrystals
122(3)
3.3.3 Stress relaxation mechanisms
125(4)
3.4 Modeling local mechanical fields using the finite element method (FEM)
129(10)
3.4.1 Aggregates
130(1)
3.4.2 From single crystal to polycrystal using finite transformations
131(3)
3.4.3 Identification of the constitutive and hardening law parameters
134(1)
3.4.4 Examples of local mechanical fields proposed by the polycrystalline models
135(4)
3.5 Hall-Petch's law, geometrically necessary dislocations
139(6)
3.5.1 Definition
139(1)
3.5.2 Modeling the grain size effect in polycrystals, comparison with experiments
140(5)
3.6 Sub-grain boundaries and grain boundaries in deformation and recrystallization
145(10)
3.6.1 Deformation sub-boundaries and grain boundaries
145(1)
3.6.2 Recrystallization sub-grain boundaries
146(9)
3.7 Conclusion
155(1)
3.8 Bibliography
156(9)
Chapter 4 Creep and High Temperature Plasticity: Grain Boundary Dynamics
165(52)
Sylvie Lartigue-Korinek
Claude Paul Carry
4.1 Introduction
165(3)
4.2 Grain boundaries and grain growth
168(6)
4.2.1 Kinetics and grain growth law
169(2)
4.2.2 Grain boundary segregation and precipitation - influence on the boundary mobility
171(3)
4.3 Grain boundaries and creep: mechanisms and phenomenological laws
174(23)
4.3.1 Grain boundary mechanisms
175(8)
4.3.2 Creep models and kinetics
183(6)
4.3.3 Constitutive creep laws and deformation mechanism maps
189(4)
4.3.4 Limit of the models, grain boundaries chemistry and creep
193(4)
4.4 Grain boundaries and superplasticity
197(11)
4.4.1 Phenomenology and microstructural mechanisms
197(5)
4.4.2 The different models
202(4)
4.4.3 Grain growth and superplastic deformation
206(2)
4.5 Prospects: creep of nanograined materials
208(1)
4.6 Bibliography
209(8)
Chapter 5 Intergranular Fatigue
217(64)
Andre Pineau
Stephen Antolovich
5.1 Introduction
217(4)
5.2 Low temperature intergranular fatigue
221(31)
5.2.1 Several scales to be considered to explain intergranular fatigue
221(1)
5.2.2 Study of α iron and of other BCC metals and metallic alloys
222(12)
5.2.3 Intergranular fatigue of FCC metals and metallic alloys
234(18)
5.3 High temperature fatigue
252(19)
5.3.1 General information
252(2)
5.3.2 Austenitic stainless steels
254(6)
5.3.3 Nickel-based superalloys
260(11)
5.4 Conclusion
271(1)
5.5 Acknowledgements
272(1)
5.6 Bibliography
272(9)
Chapter 6 Intergranular Segregation and Crystalline Material Fracture
281(46)
Anna Fraczkiewicz
Krzysztof Wolski
6.1 Grain boundaries and fracture
282(4)
6.1.1 Fracture parameters - different types of fracture
282(3)
6.1.2 Intergranular fracture
285(1)
6.2 Intergranular segregation
286(11)
6.2.1 The origin of segregation
286(1)
6.2.2 Thermodynamics of equilibrium segregation - existing models
287(7)
6.2.3 General characteristics of intergranular equilibrium segregation
294(1)
6.2.4 Non-equilibrium segregation
295(1)
6.2.5 Heterogeneity of the intergranular segregation: effects of the grain boundary structure
295(2)
6.3 Segregation and intergranular fracture
297(11)
6.3.1 Intergranular embrittlement mechanisms
297(5)
6.3.2 From embrittling segregations to strengthening segregations
302(6)
6.4 Intergranular fracture induced by liquid metals
308(12)
6.4.1 Phenomena occurring under contact with a liquid metal
308(1)
6.4.2 Liquid metal embrittlement
309(2)
6.4.3 Intergranular penetration
311(1)
6.4.4 Intergranular diffusion in the case of the Cu-Bi system
312(1)
6.4.5 Intergranular wetting in the case of the Ni-Bi system
313(4)
6.4.6 Intergranular penetration mechanism
317(2)
6.4.7 Case of the Al-Ga system
319(1)
6.4.8 Conclusion
320(1)
6.5 General conclusion
320(1)
6.6 Bibliography
321(6)
APPENDICES
327(14)
Appendix 1 Bicrystallography and Topological Characterization of Interfacial Defects
329(4)
Sylvie Lartigue-Korinek
Louisette Priester
Appendix 2 Appendices of
Chapter 3
333(8)
Colette Rey
Denis Solas
Olivier Fandeur
A2.1 Notations
333(1)
A2.2 Infinitesimal deformations
334(1)
A2.2.1 Plastic deformation and rotation
334(1)
A2.3 Finished transformations
335(1)
A2.3.1 Geometry
335(1)
A2.3.2 Kinematics
336(1)
A2.4 Incompatibility in finished transformations
337(1)
A2.5 Calculation of the geometrically necessary dislocation densities
338(3)
List of Authors 341(2)
Index 343
Louisette Priester is Emerita Professor at the Paris-Sud University, Orsay, France. She has published around 200 articles in journals and contributed to about 150 national and international conferences.
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