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Grammar of the Great Andamanese Language: An Ethnolinguistic Study [Hardback]

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Grammar of the Great Andamanese Language: An Ethnolinguistic StudyPalielināt
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Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9789004235274.html
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Abbi (linguistics, Jawaharlal Nehru U., New Delhi, India) presents a grammar that emerged from the major language documentation project Vanishing Voices of the Great Andamanese, conducted from 2005 to 2009. There may be fewer than 10 native speakers of Greater Andamanese still living. The grammar covers the Andaman Islands and the Great Andamanese; phonetics and phonology; grammar overview; word formation processes; nouns and noun phrases; possession; pronouns, pronominal and object clitics; modification including temporal and spatial deixis; the verb and verb complex; and syntactic organization. Annotation ©2013 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

A Grammar of the Great Andamanese Language is a pioneering piece of work by Anvita Abbi which introduces readers to a unique world of cognition of the people who are remnants of the first migration from Africa 70,000 years before present.

Recenzijas

"[ T]his grammatical description of PGA is a heroic record of the language in its last hours and by far the most detailed description of a Great Andamanese language to date. It was well-worth publishing and will be of scientific value for all time to come." Harald Hammarström, Journal of South Asian Languages and Lingusitics, Vol. 1, no. 1 (2014).

Acknowledgements xv
Preface xvii
List of Maps, Figures and Tables xxi
Abbreviations and Symbols xxv
I The Andaman and the Great Andamanese
Introduction
1(1)
1.1 Geography and Topography
1(2)
1.2 Population
3(3)
1.3 Present-Day Great Andaman and the Great Andamanese
6(3)
1.3.1 Great Andaman
6(1)
1.3.2 The Strait Island
7(2)
1.4 History of Language Studies
9(5)
1.4.1 Great Andamanese
9(3)
1.4.2 Study in Pre-Independent India
12(2)
1.4.3 Study in Post-Independent India
14(1)
1.5 Genealogical Classification
14(2)
1.6 Typological Differences
16(1)
1.7 The Last Decade
16(2)
1.8 A Sociolinguistic Sketch of the Great Andamanese
18(11)
1.8.1 Background of the Great Andamanese Speakers
20(2)
1.8.2 Language Competence
22(2)
1.8.3 Language Use
24(3)
1.8.4 A Complex Situation
27(1)
1.8.5 The Predicament
28(1)
1.9 The Great Andamanese Culture: Some Observations
29(4)
1.9.1 Naming a Person
29(1)
1.9.2 Naming Seasons: The Honey Calendar
30(1)
1.9.3 Measuring Time in Great Andamanese
31(2)
1.9.3.1 Parameters of Temporal Categorisation
31(1)
1.9.3.2 Natural Time Parameters
31(1)
1.9.3.3 Evolutionary Period (Mythological Time)
32(1)
1.9.3.4 Historical Parameters (Pre-and Post-British Era)
32(1)
1.9.3.5 Life Cycle (Age of a Person)
32(1)
1.10 The Beliefs of the Great Andamanese
33(2)
1.10.1 The Domain or Realm
34(1)
1.10.2 Major Life Forms and Ethno-Biological Classifications
34(1)
1.11 The Biological Universe of the Great Andamanese
35(1)
1.12 The Present Study
36(1)
II Phonetics and Phonology
Introduction
37(1)
2.1 Vowels
37(7)
2.1.1 Phonemic Contrasts
38(1)
2.1.1.1 Front Vowels
38(1)
2.1.1.2 Back Vowels
39(1)
2.1.2 Length
39(1)
2.1.3 Phonotactics of Vowels
40(1)
2.1.4 Vowel Sequences/Clusters
41(3)
2.2 Semi-Vowels/Glides
44(2)
2.3 Consonants
46(10)
2.3.1 Phonemic Contrasts: Minimal and Sub-Minimal Pairs for Consonants
49(4)
2.3.1.1 Nasals
49(1)
2.3.1.2 Oral Stops
49(3)
2.3.1.3 Fricatives
52(1)
2.3.1.4 Liquids
52(1)
2.3.2 Phonotactics of Consonants
53(1)
2.3.3 Medial Consonant Clusters
54(2)
2.3.4 Initial Consonant Clusters
56(1)
2.4 Syllables
56(3)
2.4.1 Possible Syllable Structures
57(1)
2.4.2 Constraints
58(1)
2.4.3 Length of a Word
58(1)
2.5 Morphophonemics
59(3)
2.5.1 Gemination
59(1)
2.5.2 Degemination and Compensatory Lengthening
59(1)
2.5.3 Homorganicity
60(1)
2.5.4 Insertion of a Consonant
60(1)
2.5.5 Vowel Harmony
60(1)
2.5.6 Vowel Lowering
60(1)
2.5.7 Vowel Deletion
61(1)
2.5.8 Syllable Attraction
61(1)
2.5.9 Metathesis
62(1)
2.6 Acoustic Study of Problematic Sounds
62(3)
III Grammar Overview
3.1 The Structure
65(5)
3.1.1 General
65(1)
3.1.2 Typological Background
65(2)
3.1.3 Core Arguments
67(3)
3.2 Ambivalence of Verbs, Adjectives and Nouns
70(6)
3.2.1 Noun Verb Ambivalence
70(4)
3.2.2 Adjectives as Verbs
74(1)
3.2.3 Adjectives as Adverbs
74(1)
3.2.4 Other Unusual Features
75(1)
3.3 Inalienability (INA), Body Division Classes and Grammaticalisation
76(5)
3.3.1 Introduction
76(1)
3.3.2 Anthropocentrism
77(1)
3.3.3 The Semantics of Inalienability
78(1)
3.3.4 Linguistic Manifestations of 'Inalienability'
79(2)
3.3.5 Body Class Markers and Other Nouns
81(1)
3.4 The Semantic Role of Body Division Classes
81(1)
3.5 Inalienability and its Representation in Verbs
82(2)
3.6 Inalienability and its Representation in Modifiers
84(1)
3.7 Process of Grammaticalisation
85(2)
3.8 The Status of Inalienability Markers in the Grammar: Proclitics =
87(7)
3.8.1 Arguments for Treating Inalienability Markers as Clitics
87(3)
3.8.2 Nature of Proclitics
90(2)
3.8.3 Clitic Sequencing
92(2)
3.9 Summary and Conclusions
94(3)
IV Word Formation Processes
Introduction
97(1)
4.1 Affixation
97(3)
4.2 Attaching Clitics
100(3)
4.2.1 Proclitics
100(2)
4.2.2 Enclitics
102(1)
4.2.3 Object Clitics
102(1)
4.3 Combination of Affixation and Clitics
103(1)
4.4 Compounding
104(7)
4.4.1 Formation of Compounds
104(8)
4.4.1.1 Noun + Modifier
105(1)
4.4.1.2 Noun + Noun
105(1)
4.4.1.3 Noun + Verb or Verb + Noun
106(1)
4.4.1.4 Noun + Proclitic + Noun
107(1)
4.4.1.5 Noun + Proclitic + Verb/Modifier
107(1)
4.4.1.6 Combination of Proclitics, Affixes, and Compounds
108(1)
4.4.1.7 Antonyms
109(1)
4.4.1.8 Summary of Compounds
109(2)
V Nouns and Noun Phrases Nouns 111(26)
5.1 Number and Gender
112(4)
5.1.1 Numerals
114(1)
5.1.2 Gender
115(1)
5.2 Case
116(15)
5.2.1 Arguments
116(1)
5.2.2 Case Markings
117(14)
5.2.2.1 Intransitive Subject Marking
117(2)
5.2.2.2 Transitive Subject Marking and Ergative/Agentive
119(1)
5.2.2.3 Object Marking
120(2)
5.2.2.4 Dative
122(1)
5.2.2.5 Instrumental
122(2)
5.2.2.6 Ablative
124(1)
5.2.2.7 Comitative
125(1)
5.2.2.8 Purposive/Benefactive
126(1)
5.2.2.9 Directional
126(1)
5.2.2.10 Locational
127(3)
5.2.2.11 Genitive
130(1)
5.2.2.12 Comparative
131(1)
5.3 Noun Phrases
131(4)
5.3.1 The General Structure
131(3)
5.3.1.1 Descriptive
132(1)
5.3.1.2 Possessive
132(1)
5.3.1.3 Appositional
133(1)
5.3.1.4 Quantifiers
133(1)
5.3.1.5 Relativisation
133(1)
5.3.2 Coordinated Noun Phrases
134(1)
5.4 Conclusion
135(2)
VI Possession
Introduction
137(1)
6.1 Possessive Classification
137(1)
6.2 Primary Possession
138(11)
6.2.1 Body Part Terms
139(9)
6.2.1.1 Mouth Cavity (a=)
140(1)
6.2.1.2 Major External Body Parts (epsilonr= - er=)
141(1)
6.2.1.3 Extremities of the Body (un= - on=)
142(1)
6.2.1.4 External Body Products or Extension (ct= - ut= - ot=)
143(1)
6.2.1.5 Internal Organs (e= - i-)
144(1)
6.2.1.6 Nodular or Curved Structure (ara=, ra=)
145(1)
6.2.1.7 Lower Parts of Body (o= -c=)
146(2)
6.2.2 Is There a Hierarchy?
148(1)
6.3 Kinship Terms
149(1)
6.3.1 Parallels between the Body Part Terminology and Kinship Terms
150(1)
6.4 The Twin Levels
150(1)
6.5 Secondary Possession
151(5)
6.5.1 Juxtaposition/Compounds
151(1)
6.5.2 Complex Structures
152(4)
6.5.2.1 Lexical Compounding with Class Markers
152(1)
6.5.2.2 Double Marking and Clitic Sequencing
153(1)
6.5.2.3 Adverbial Function
153(2)
6.5.2.4 Double Class Markers
155(1)
6.5.2.5 Summary
156(1)
6.6 Animate vs. Inanimate Possessor and the Semantics of Inalienability
156(7)
6.6.1 Inanimate
156(1)
6.6.2 Alienated but Inherent
157(2)
6.6.3 Part-to-Whole or Part-to-Component
159(1)
6.6.4 Inalienable Possessed Nouns: A Conspectus
160(3)
6.7 Alienable Nouns
163(2)
6.7.1 Possessed Nouns
163(1)
6.7.2 Twelve Different Varieties
163(2)
6.8 Attributive Modification and Possession
165(1)
6.9 The "possessive" Relationship: The 'Have' Construction
166(1)
6.10 Conclusion
167(2)
VII Pronouns, Pronominal and Object Clitics
7.1 Personal Pronouns
169(3)
7.1.1 Person and Number
169(2)
7.1.2 Second Person Pronouns and Honorifics
171(1)
7.2 Demonstrative Pronouns
172(1)
7.3 Pronominal Clitics
173(7)
7.3.1 Human Arguments (Subject and Object)
175(1)
7.3.2 Object Clitics
176(3)
7.3.2.1 Pronominal Objects
176(1)
7.3.2.2 Inanimate External Objects
177(1)
7.3.2.3 Internalised Objects
178(1)
7.3.3 Pronominal Clitics and Temporal Adverbs
179(1)
7.4 Interrogative and Indefinite Pronouns
180(2)
7.5 Reflexive Forms
182(4)
7.6 Reciprocal Pronouns
186(1)
7.7 Locational Adverbial Demonstratives
187(2)
VIII Modification Including Temporal and Spatial Deixis
Introduction
189(1)
8.1 Adjectives
189(4)
8.1.1 Characteristic Features
189(1)
8.1.2 The Semantic Content
190(1)
8.1.3 Attributive Adjectives
190(1)
8.1.4 Predicative Adjectives
191(2)
8.1.5 Colour Terms
193(1)
8.2 Dependency of Modifiers
193(4)
8.2.1 Proclitics and Modification
193(4)
8.2.2 Non-Dependent Modifiers
197(1)
8.3 Manner Adverbs
197(2)
8.4 Temporal Adverbs and Temporal Deixis
199(5)
8.4.1 Subjecthood and Temporal Adverbs
199(1)
8.4.2 Syntax of Words Indicating Time
200(2)
8.4.3 Compounding and Lexicalisation
202(1)
8.4.4 Multiplicity of Temporal Deixis
202(1)
8.4.5 Celestial Bodies as Temporal Markers
203(1)
8.4.6 Temporal Categorisation and Hunting and Gathering
203(1)
8.5 Spatial Deixis
204(5)
8.5.1 Distance and Direction
205(1)
8.5.2 Vertical and Horizontal Space
206(1)
8.5.3 Locational/Spatial Postpositions
207(2)
8.6 Body Division Classes and Adverbs
209(1)
8.7 Third Person Demonstrative Pronouns and DeWs
209(4)
IX The Verb and Verb Complex
Introduction
213(1)
9.1 Verbal Proclitics
214(1)
9.2 Intransitive Verbs
215(2)
9.3 Transitive Verbs
217(6)
9.4 Reflexive/Self-Directed
223(1)
9.5 The Distancing of the Verbal Proclitic from its Host
224(2)
9.6 The Causative/Applicative
226(5)
9.6.1 The Morphological Causative
227(3)
9.6.2 Periphrastic Causatives
230(1)
9.7 Formative Affixes
231(2)
9.8 Tense, Aspect and Mood (TAM)
233(7)
9.8.1 Past Tense
233(3)
9.8.2 Non-Past Tense
236(1)
9.8.3 Aspect
236(2)
9.8.4 Mood
238(2)
9.9 The Copula Be or Jiyo
240(1)
9.10 The Verbs 'Come' and 'Go'
241(2)
X Syntactic Organisation
Introduction
243(1)
10.1 Word Order:
243(8)
10.1.1 Adjectives and Nouns
243(2)
10.1.2 Genitive
245(1)
10.1.3 Case Markers
245(1)
10.1.4 Numerals and Quantifiers
246(1)
10.1.5 Degree Words
246(1)
10.1.6 Manner Adverbs
247(1)
10.1.7 Temporal Adverbs
247(1)
10.1.8 Negative Verb
248(1)
10.1.9 Relative Markers
248(1)
10.1.10 Interrogatives
249(1)
10.1.11 Adpositional Phrases
249(1)
10.1.12 Variability in Word Order
250(1)
10.1.13 Deviation from the Standard SOV Pattern
250(1)
10.1.14 Variability in Proclitics
250(1)
10.2 Coordination
251(3)
10.2.1 Nominal Coordination
252(1)
10.2.2 Pronominal Coordination
252(1)
10.2.3 Adjectival Coordination
252(1)
10.2.4 Verbal and Sentential Coordination
253(1)
10.2.5 Adversative Coordination
253(1)
10.2.6 Comitative Conjunct
254(1)
10.3 Negation
254(2)
10.3.1 Emphatic Negative Coordination
255(1)
10.3.2 Prohibitive Negation
255(1)
10.4 Interrogatives
256(2)
10.5 Non-Finite Subordination
258(5)
10.5.1 Verb Serialisation
258(3)
10.5.2 Cause and Effect
261(1)
10.5.3 Conditional Clauses
261(1)
10.5.4 Action Nominals
262(1)
10.6 Clause Chaining
263(1)
10.7 Comparative Constructions
264(3)
10.8 Relativisation
267(2)
10.9 Syntax of the Possessive Construction
269(4)
10.9.1 Possessed NP as the Head
269(1)
10.9.2 Possessed NP as Object
270(1)
10.9.3 Identification Question
270(1)
10.9.4 Complement Phrase
270(1)
10.9.5 Verbless Constructions
270(3)
Appendix A: Lico's Genealogical Affiliation and Her Language Profile 273(2)
Appendix B: An Acoustic Study of Problematic Laterals 275(4)
Text: The Great Narrative of Phertajido 279(12)
Bibliography 291(6)
Index 297
Anvita Abbi, Ph.D. (1975), Cornell University, is Professor of Linguistics at the Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Delhi, India. She has researched first-hand on all the six language families of India and has published sixteen books including the Dictionary of the Great Andamanese Language (2012).