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Gray Markets: Prevention, Detection and Litigation [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 358 pages, height x width x depth: 235x156x18 mm, weight: 527 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Apr-2009
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0195371291
  • ISBN-13: 9780195371291
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Formāts: Hardback, 358 pages, height x width x depth: 235x156x18 mm, weight: 527 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Apr-2009
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press Inc
  • ISBN-10: 0195371291
  • ISBN-13: 9780195371291
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
It's often said that the 21st century is characterized by a flat world in which globalization, technology, and the Internet have each contributed to level the economic playing field. But for companies that manufacture and sell their products internationally, the world is not exactly flat -- it is tilted. From cars to cigarettes to pianos to pharmaceuticals, products that were manufactured to be sold in other countries are finding their way back to the United States where they are sold through unauthorized and illegal channels. This unauthorized economy - the "gray market" - is growing in size and scope at an alarming rate: information technology manufacturers alone have estimated losses at $40 billion in annual sales. In Gray Markets: Prevention, Detection, and Litigation, David Sugden provides the first comprehensive analysis of the gray market as well as a blueprint for attorneys and businesses to prevent, detect, and litigate gray market cases.
In Gray Markets, Sugden introduces readers to a variety of strategies to prevent a brand owner's products from finding their way into unauthorized distribution channels. From educational and contractual methods that communicate the importance of gray market abstinence, to on-site security and modern tracking technologies, and to the use of private investigators and even "dumpster dives," the book offers specific methods to prevent supply chain leakage, while also examining the legal boundaries of gray market investigations.
ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xi
ABOUT THE AUTHOR xiii
PART I: Introduction: The Gray Market 1
CHAPTER 1: Shades of Gray: The Spectrum of Product Diversion
3
a. The Gray Market
3
b. From Bad to Worse: The Black Market
6
CHAPTER 2: From iPhones to Viagra: The Affected Industries
9
a. Airline Industry
10
b. Automotive Industry
11
c. Cigarette Industry
13
d. Cosmetics and Personal Care Products
14
e. Clothing and Apparel
16
f. Food and Drinks
17
g. Watches and Jewelry
18
h. Natural Resources
20
i. Technology
21
j. Pharmaceuticals
22
k. Toys
24
CHAPTER 3: Black and Gray Market 2.0: From Flea Markets to eBay
27
a. Globalization
28
b. Internet
32
c. Technology
35
d. Decreased Trade Barriers
37
CHAPTER 4: The Rippling Effect: Gray Market Consequences
39
a. Economic Consequences
40
i. Partner Relationships
44
ii. Customer Satisfaction and Brand Goodwill
47
iii. Warranty and Service Costs
49
iv. Research and Development
51
b. Social Consequences
52
i. Consumer Health and Safety
52
ii. Harm to the Environment
55
iii. Tax Revenue
56
iv. Organized Crime
59
c. Benefits of the Gray Market
60
i. Discover and Reach New Markets
61
ii. Overcome Supply Chain Constraints
63
iii. Reduce Combating Expense
63
PART II: Prevention: Reducing the Gray Market Potential 65
CHAPTER 5: Education: Promoting Gray Market Abstinence
67
a. Employees
67
b. Distribution Partners
70
c. Consumers
72
d. Industry Alliances
73
e. Government Relations
75
f. Media
76
CHAPTER 6: Troubleshooting Supply Chain Vulnerabilities
77
a. Selecting and Qualifying Partners
78
i. Background Research
78
ii. Training and Certification
80
b. The Partner Contracts
81
i. Guidelines and Promises
84
ii. Incentives for Compliance
96
iii. Penalties for Noncompliance
99
c. Tightening the Supply Chain
102
i. Acknowledging Geographic Vulnerabilities
102
ii. On-Site Security
106
iii. Transit Security
110
iv. Product Security
111
CHAPTER 7: Alternative Gray Market Strategies
115
a. Worldwide Pricing
115
b. Staggered Distribution
116
c. Internal Distribution
117
d. IP Insurance
119
PART III: Detection: Monitoring the Supply Chain 121
CHAPTER 8: Red Flags: The Warning Signs of Gray Market Activity
123
a. Pricing That Is Too Low
123
b. Unreasonable Spikes in Orders
125
c. Unusual Orders
126
d. Special Discount Requests
126
e. Warranty Exchange Requests
128
f. Unusual Delivery Requests
129
CHAPTER 9: Methods of Detection
131
a. Audits
131
b. Internet Monitoring
133
c. Brand Protection Purchases
134
i. The Uncertain Future of Brand Protection Purchases
138
d. Informants
140
e. Dumpster Diving
140
PART IV: Reaction: Legal Strategies After Gray Market Discovery 143
CHAPTER 10: Initial Strategies
145
a. Litigation Alternatives
145
i. The International Trade Commission (ITC)
145
ii. Arbitration
148
b. Civil or Criminal Justice
151
c. State or Federal Court
157
d. Personal Jurisdiction and Venue
159
CHAPTER 11: Preliminary Remedies
165
a. Search and Seizure
166
b. Temporary Restraining Orders and Preliminary Injunctions
170
c. Knock 'n Talks
173
d. Cease and Desist Correspondence
174
CHAPTER 12: Civil Discovery
175
a. E-Discovery: The Amended FRCP
176
b. Forensic Preservation and Examination
178
CHAPTER 13: Theories of Recovery: Breach of Contract
183
a. Introduction to Contract Law
184
b. Contract Law's Treatment of the Gray Market
186
c. Affirmative Defenses and the Gray Market
188
d. Remedies
189
CHAPTER 14: Theories of Liability: Intentional Interference with Contract (IIWC)
191
a. Introduction to IIWC
191
b. IIWC's Treatment of the Gray Market
194
c. Affirmative Defenses
197
d. Remedies
197
CHAPTER 15: Theories of Liability: Intentional Interference with Prospective Economic Advantage (IIEA)
199
a. Introduction to IIEA
199
b. IIEA's Treatment of the Gray Market
202
c. Affirmative Defenses and the Gray Market
204
d. Remedies
205
CHAPTER 16: Theories of Liability: Copyright
207
a. Introduction to Copyright Law
208
i. Copyright Infringement
209
ii. Copyright Registration
211
iii. International Protection
212
b. Copyright Law's Treatment of the Gray Market
213
i. Performance Rights
214
ii. Importation Rights
216
iii. Software Licenses and the First Sale Doctrine: An End Run Around the First Sale Doctrine?
227
iv. Software Licenses and the First Sale Doctrine: An End Run Around the First Sale Doctrine Beyond Software?
232
c. Affirmative Defenses
233
i. Fair Use
233
ii. Waiver or Abandonment of Copyright
235
iii. Estoppel
236
iv. Innocent Intent
237
d. Remedies
237
i. Injunctive Relief
238
ii. Impoundment and Destruction
239
iii. Damages and Profits
239
iv. Attorney Fees
240
v. Criminal Penalties
240
CHAPTER 17: Theories of Liability: Trademark
241
a. Introduction to Trademark Law
242
i. Importance of Trademarks
242
ii. Trademark Causes of Action
244
b. Trademark Law's Treatment of the Gray Market
246
i. The Early Cases and the Gray Market
246
ii. Tariff Act and the Gray Market
249
iii. The Lanham Act and the Gray Market
254
c. Affirmative Defenses
282
i. The First Sale Doctrine
282
ii. Not "Gray Market" Goods?
285
d. Remedies
286
CHAPTER 18: Theories of Liability: State Law
289
a. Gray Market Statutes in California
289
b. Gray Market Statutes in Connecticut
293
c. Gray Market Statutes in New York
294
d. Gray Market Statutes in Washington D.C. and Michigan: Gray Market Cigarette Statutes
295
CHAPTER 19: Approaches to Gray Market around the Globe
297
a. Canada
300
b. Mexico
301
c. Europe
302
d. Russia
304
e. China
306
f. India
308
TABLE OF CASES 311
INDEX 327