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4 | (3) |
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How can gross anatomy be studied? |
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4 | (1) |
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Important anatomical terms |
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4 | (3) |
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7 | (4) |
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Diagnostic imaging techniques |
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7 | (3) |
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10 | (1) |
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11 | (2) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (1) |
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Magnetic resonance imaging |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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13 | (1) |
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14 | (39) |
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14 | (1) |
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14 | (1) |
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15 | (5) |
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20 | (6) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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27 | (2) |
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29 | (2) |
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31 | (1) |
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31 | (1) |
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32 | (1) |
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Lymphatic trunks and ducts |
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32 | (2) |
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34 | (1) |
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34 | (1) |
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Functional subdivisions of the CNS |
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34 | (1) |
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Somatic part of the nervous system |
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35 | (6) |
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Visceral part of the nervous system |
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41 | (11) |
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52 | (1) |
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53 | (3) |
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56 | (11) |
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56 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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57 | (1) |
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Protection of the nervous system |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (1) |
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58 | (2) |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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Relationship to other regions |
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64 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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Thorax, abdomen, and pelvis |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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65 | (1) |
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Long vertebral column and short spinal cord |
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65 | (1) |
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Intervertebral foramina and spinal nerves |
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66 | (1) |
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66 | (1) |
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67 | (34) |
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67 | (1) |
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67 | (8) |
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75 | (1) |
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Posterior spaces between vertebral arches |
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75 | (4) |
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79 | (1) |
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Joints between vertebrae in the back |
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79 | (3) |
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82 | (1) |
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Anterior and posterior longitudinal ligaments |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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Supraspinous ligament and ligamentum nuchae |
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83 | (1) |
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84 | (2) |
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86 | (1) |
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Superficial group of back muscles |
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86 | (6) |
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Intermediate group of back muscles |
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92 | (1) |
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Deep group of back muscles |
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93 | (6) |
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99 | (2) |
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101 | (11) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (2) |
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Arrangement of structures in the vertebral canal |
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106 | (1) |
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107 | (5) |
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112 | (6) |
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112 | (1) |
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Absence of lateral curvatures |
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112 | (1) |
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Primary and secondary curvatures in the sagittal plane |
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112 | (1) |
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Useful nonvertebral skeletal landmarks |
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112 | (2) |
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How to identify specific vertebral spinous processes |
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114 | (1) |
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Visualizing the inferior ends of the spinal cord and subarachnoid space |
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115 | (1) |
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Identifying major muscles |
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116 | (2) |
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118 | (6) |
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124 | (13) |
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124 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Protection of vital organs |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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125 | (1) |
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Superior thoracic aperture |
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126 | (1) |
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Inferior thoracic aperture |
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126 | (1) |
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127 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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128 | (1) |
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Relationship to other regions |
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129 | (1) |
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129 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (1) |
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130 | (2) |
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Venous shunts from left to right |
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132 | (1) |
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Segmental neurovascular supply of thoracic wall |
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132 | (2) |
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134 | (1) |
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Flexible wall and inferior thoracic aperture |
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134 | (1) |
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Innervation of the diaphragm |
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134 | (3) |
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137 | (39) |
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137 | (1) |
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137 | (2) |
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Muscles of the pectoral region |
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139 | (2) |
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141 | (1) |
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141 | (6) |
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147 | (9) |
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156 | (2) |
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158 | (1) |
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158 | (1) |
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Movements of the thoracic wall and diaphragm during breathing |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (1) |
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159 | (4) |
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163 | (13) |
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176 | (48) |
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177 | (27) |
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204 | (11) |
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215 | (8) |
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223 | (1) |
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224 | (22) |
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224 | (1) |
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224 | (1) |
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Surface anatomy of the breast in women |
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225 | (1) |
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Visualizing structures at the TIV/V vertebral level |
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226 | (1) |
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Visualizing structures in the superior mediastinum |
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227 | (1) |
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Visualizing the margins of the heart |
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227 | (1) |
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Where to listen for heart sounds |
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228 | (1) |
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Visualizing the pleural cavities and lungs, pleural recesses, and lung lobes and fissures |
|
|
228 | (1) |
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Where to listen for lung sounds |
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229 | (4) |
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233 | (13) |
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246 | (22) |
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246 | (1) |
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247 | (1) |
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Houses and protects major viscera |
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247 | (2) |
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249 | (1) |
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Changes in intra-abdominal pressure |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
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|
251 | (2) |
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Inferior thoracic aperture |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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Relationship to other regions |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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254 | (1) |
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255 | (1) |
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256 | (1) |
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Arrangement of abdominal viscera in the adult |
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256 | (3) |
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Skin and muscles of the anterior and lateral abdominal wall and thoracic intercostal nerves |
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259 | (1) |
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The groin is a weak area in the anterior abdominal wall |
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|
260 | (2) |
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|
262 | (1) |
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The gastrointestinal system and its derivatives are supplied by three major arteries |
|
|
262 | (2) |
|
Venous shunts from left to right |
|
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264 | (1) |
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All venous drainage from the gastrointestinal system passes through the liver |
|
|
265 | (1) |
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Abdominal viscera are supplied by a large prevertebral plexus |
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|
266 | (2) |
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268 | (114) |
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268 | (1) |
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268 | (1) |
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269 | (1) |
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270 | (1) |
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270 | (2) |
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272 | (6) |
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278 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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279 | (1) |
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Arterial supply and venous drainage |
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|
280 | (2) |
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282 | (1) |
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|
282 | (2) |
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284 | (4) |
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288 | (4) |
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292 | (1) |
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292 | (1) |
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293 | (4) |
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297 | (30) |
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327 | (10) |
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337 | (4) |
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|
341 | (1) |
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|
341 | (7) |
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Posterior abdominal region |
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|
348 | (1) |
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|
349 | (6) |
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355 | (11) |
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366 | (6) |
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|
372 | (2) |
|
Nervous system in the posterior abdominal region |
|
|
374 | (1) |
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Sympathetic trunks and splanchnic nerves |
|
|
374 | (8) |
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|
382 | (9) |
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|
|
382 | (1) |
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Defining the surface projection of the abdomen |
|
|
383 | (1) |
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How to find the superficial inguinal ring |
|
|
384 | (1) |
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How to determine lumbar vertebral levels |
|
|
385 | (1) |
|
Visualizing structures at the L1 vertebral level |
|
|
386 | (1) |
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Visualizing the position of major blood vessels |
|
|
387 | (1) |
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Using abdominal quadrants to locate major viscera |
|
|
388 | (1) |
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Defining surface regions to which pain from the gut is referred |
|
|
389 | (1) |
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Where to find the kidneys |
|
|
390 | (1) |
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|
390 | (1) |
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391 | (15) |
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406 | (15) |
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|
406 | (1) |
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|
406 | (1) |
|
Contain and support bladder, rectum, anal canal, and reproductive tracts |
|
|
406 | (2) |
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Anchors the roots of the external genitalia |
|
|
408 | (1) |
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|
408 | (1) |
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|
408 | (1) |
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409 | (1) |
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|
409 | (2) |
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|
|
411 | (1) |
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|
|
411 | (1) |
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|
|
412 | (2) |
|
Relationship to other regions |
|
|
414 | (1) |
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|
|
414 | (1) |
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|
|
414 | (1) |
|
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
The pelvic cavity projects posteriorly |
|
|
415 | (1) |
|
Important structures cross the ureters in the pelvic cavity |
|
|
415 | (2) |
|
The prostate is anterior to rectum |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
The perineum is innervated by sacral spinal cord segments |
|
|
417 | (1) |
|
Nerves are related to bone |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
Parasympathetic innervation from spinal cord levels S2 to S4 controls erection |
|
|
418 | (1) |
|
Muscles and fascia of the pelvic floor and perineum intersect at the perineal body |
|
|
419 | (1) |
|
Gender determines the course of the urethra |
|
|
419 | (2) |
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|
|
421 | (76) |
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|
|
421 | (1) |
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421 | (5) |
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426 | (2) |
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428 | (1) |
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|
428 | (1) |
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429 | (9) |
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438 | (20) |
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458 | (2) |
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460 | (2) |
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462 | (9) |
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471 | (6) |
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477 | (1) |
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478 | (1) |
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|
|
478 | (2) |
|
Ischio-anal fossae and their anterior recesses |
|
|
480 | (1) |
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|
480 | (3) |
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|
|
483 | (7) |
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|
490 | (2) |
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|
492 | (1) |
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|
492 | (2) |
|
|
|
494 | (2) |
|
|
|
496 | (1) |
|
|
|
497 | (7) |
|
Surface anatomy of the pelvis and perineum |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
Orientation of the pelvis and perineum in the anatomical position |
|
|
497 | (1) |
|
How to define the margins of the perineum |
|
|
497 | (2) |
|
Identification of structures in the anal triangle |
|
|
499 | (1) |
|
Identification of structures in the urogenital triangle of women |
|
|
500 | (1) |
|
Identification of structures in the urogenital triangle of men |
|
|
501 | (3) |
|
|
|
504 | (8) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
512 | (116) |
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|
|
512 | (1) |
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|
|
513 | (1) |
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|
513 | (2) |
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|
515 | (2) |
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|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
|
517 | (1) |
|
|
|
518 | (2) |
|
Relationship to other regions |
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
|
520 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
|
|
521 | (1) |
|
Innervation is by lumbar and sacral spinal nerves |
|
|
521 | (4) |
|
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
|
525 | (1) |
|
|
|
526 | (1) |
|
|
|
526 | (3) |
|
|
|
529 | (3) |
|
|
|
532 | (3) |
|
Gateways to the lower limb |
|
|
535 | (2) |
|
|
|
537 | (3) |
|
|
|
540 | (2) |
|
|
|
542 | (1) |
|
|
|
542 | (2) |
|
Deep fascia and the saphenous opening |
|
|
544 | (1) |
|
|
|
545 | (2) |
|
|
|
547 | (1) |
|
|
|
548 | (3) |
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|
|
551 | (3) |
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|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
|
554 | (1) |
|
|
|
554 | (1) |
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|
|
555 | (1) |
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|
|
555 | (6) |
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|
|
561 | (8) |
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|
|
569 | (4) |
|
|
|
573 | (1) |
|
|
|
573 | (2) |
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|
|
575 | (9) |
|
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
|
584 | (1) |
|
|
|
585 | (1) |
|
|
|
586 | (2) |
|
|
|
588 | (1) |
|
Posterior compartment of leg |
|
|
588 | (7) |
|
Lateral compartment of leg |
|
|
595 | (1) |
|
Anterior compartment of leg |
|
|
596 | (4) |
|
|
|
600 | (1) |
|
|
|
600 | (5) |
|
|
|
605 | (7) |
|
Tarsal tunnel, retinacula, and arrangement of major structures at the ankle |
|
|
612 | (2) |
|
|
|
614 | (1) |
|
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
|
615 | (1) |
|
|
|
616 | (1) |
|
|
|
616 | (6) |
|
|
|
622 | (2) |
|
|
|
624 | (1) |
|
|
|
624 | (4) |
|
|
|
628 | (10) |
|
Lower limb surface anatomy |
|
|
628 | (1) |
|
Avoiding the sciatic nerve |
|
|
628 | (2) |
|
Finding the femoral artery in the femoral triangle |
|
|
630 | (1) |
|
Identifying structures around the knee |
|
|
630 | (2) |
|
Visualizing the contents of the popliteal fossa |
|
|
632 | (1) |
|
Finding the tarsal tunnel---the gateway to the foot |
|
|
633 | (1) |
|
Identifying tendons around the ankle and in the foot |
|
|
634 | (1) |
|
Finding the dorsalis pedis artery |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
Approximating the position of the plantar arterial arch |
|
|
635 | (1) |
|
|
|
636 | (1) |
|
|
|
637 | (1) |
|
|
|
638 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
650 | (15) |
|
|
|
650 | (1) |
|
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
|
|
651 | (1) |
|
The hand as a mechanical tool |
|
|
651 | (3) |
|
The hand as a sensory tool |
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
|
654 | (1) |
|
|
|
655 | (2) |
|
Relationship to other regions |
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
|
657 | (1) |
|
|
|
658 | (1) |
|
|
|
659 | (1) |
|
Innervation by cervical and upper thoracic nerves |
|
|
659 | (4) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
663 | (1) |
|
|
|
664 | (1) |
|
|
|
665 | (110) |
|
|
|
665 | (1) |
|
|
|
665 | (3) |
|
|
|
668 | (7) |
|
|
|
675 | (3) |
|
Posterior scapular region |
|
|
678 | (1) |
|
|
|
678 | (2) |
|
Gateways to the posterior scapular region |
|
|
680 | (2) |
|
|
|
682 | (1) |
|
|
|
682 | (2) |
|
|
|
684 | (1) |
|
|
|
685 | (1) |
|
|
|
686 | (2) |
|
|
|
688 | (2) |
|
|
|
690 | (1) |
|
|
|
691 | (1) |
|
Gateways in the posterior wall |
|
|
692 | (1) |
|
|
|
693 | (1) |
|
|
|
693 | (17) |
|
|
|
710 | (2) |
|
|
|
712 | (3) |
|
|
|
715 | (2) |
|
|
|
717 | (3) |
|
|
|
720 | (4) |
|
|
|
724 | (5) |
|
|
|
729 | (2) |
|
|
|
731 | (1) |
|
|
|
732 | (2) |
|
|
|
734 | (2) |
|
Anterior compartment of the forearm |
|
|
736 | (1) |
|
|
|
736 | (6) |
|
|
|
742 | (1) |
|
|
|
743 | (2) |
|
Posterior compartment of the forearm |
|
|
745 | (1) |
|
|
|
745 | (5) |
|
|
|
750 | (1) |
|
|
|
751 | (1) |
|
|
|
751 | (1) |
|
|
|
752 | (2) |
|
|
|
754 | (2) |
|
Carpal tunnel and structures at the wrist |
|
|
756 | (2) |
|
|
|
758 | (1) |
|
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
|
|
759 | (1) |
|
|
|
760 | (2) |
|
|
|
762 | (5) |
|
|
|
767 | (3) |
|
|
|
770 | (5) |
|
|
|
775 | (11) |
|
Upper limb surface anatomy |
|
|
775 | (1) |
|
Bony landmarks and muscles of the posterior scapular region |
|
|
775 | (2) |
|
Visualizing the axilla and locating contents and related structures |
|
|
777 | (2) |
|
Locating the brachial artery in the arm |
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
The triceps brachii tendon and position of the radial nerve |
|
|
779 | (1) |
|
Cubital fossa (anterior view) |
|
|
779 | (2) |
|
Identifying tendons and locating major vessels and nerves in the distal forearm |
|
|
781 | (1) |
|
Normal appearance of the hand |
|
|
782 | (1) |
|
Position of the flexor retinaculum and the recurrent branch of the median nerve |
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
Motor function of the median and ulnar nerves in the hand |
|
|
783 | (1) |
|
Visualizing the positions of the superficial and deep palmar arches |
|
|
784 | (1) |
|
|
|
784 | (2) |
|
|
|
786 | (10) |
|
|
|
|
|
|
796 | (16) |
|
|
|
796 | (1) |
|
|
|
796 | (2) |
|
|
|
798 | (1) |
|
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
Contains upper parts of respiratory and digestive tracts |
|
|
799 | (1) |
|
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
Connects the upper and lower respiratory and digestive tracts |
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
|
|
800 | (1) |
|
|
|
800 | (2) |
|
|
|
802 | (1) |
|
|
|
803 | (1) |
|
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
|
|
804 | (1) |
|
Relationship to other regions |
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
|
805 | (1) |
|
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
Vertebral levels CIII/IV and CV/VI |
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
|
|
806 | (1) |
|
|
|
807 | (1) |
|
|
|
808 | (1) |
|
Functional separation of the digestive and respiratory passages |
|
|
808 | (3) |
|
|
|
811 | (1) |
|
|
|
812 | (10) |
|
|
|
812 | (1) |
|
|
|
812 | (2) |
|
|
|
814 | (2) |
|
|
|
816 | (2) |
|
|
|
818 | (1) |
|
|
|
819 | (3) |
|
|
|
822 | (8) |
|
|
|
822 | (1) |
|
|
|
823 | (7) |
|
|
|
830 | (5) |
|
|
|
830 | (3) |
|
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
|
|
833 | (1) |
|
Arrangement of meninges and spaces |
|
|
834 | (1) |
|
Brain and its blood supply |
|
|
835 | (226) |
|
|
|
835 | (2) |
|
|
|
837 | (5) |
|
|
|
842 | (6) |
|
|
|
848 | (1) |
|
|
|
849 | (1) |
|
|
|
850 | (1) |
|
|
|
850 | (1) |
|
|
|
850 | (1) |
|
|
|
851 | (1) |
|
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
|
|
852 | (1) |
|
Vestibulocohlear nerve [ VIII] |
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
Glossopharyngeal nerve [ IX] |
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
|
|
853 | (1) |
|
|
|
854 | (1) |
|
|
|
854 | (2) |
|
|
|
856 | (1) |
|
|
|
857 | (6) |
|
|
|
863 | (2) |
|
|
|
865 | (4) |
|
|
|
869 | (4) |
|
|
|
873 | (1) |
|
|
|
873 | (1) |
|
|
|
874 | (2) |
|
|
|
876 | (1) |
|
|
|
877 | (1) |
|
|
|
878 | (1) |
|
|
|
878 | (1) |
|
|
|
879 | (3) |
|
|
|
882 | (1) |
|
|
|
882 | (3) |
|
|
|
885 | (1) |
|
|
|
886 | (1) |
|
|
|
887 | (5) |
|
|
|
892 | (1) |
|
|
|
893 | (5) |
|
|
|
898 | (4) |
|
|
|
902 | (1) |
|
|
|
903 | (3) |
|
|
|
906 | (7) |
|
|
|
913 | (7) |
|
Temporal and infratemporal fossae |
|
|
920 | (1) |
|
|
|
920 | (2) |
|
|
|
922 | (3) |
|
|
|
925 | (1) |
|
|
|
926 | (3) |
|
|
|
929 | (11) |
|
|
|
940 | (1) |
|
|
|
940 | (1) |
|
|
|
941 | (1) |
|
|
|
942 | (5) |
|
|
|
947 | (1) |
|
|
|
948 | (2) |
|
Superficial venous drainage |
|
|
950 | (4) |
|
Anterior triangle of the neck |
|
|
954 | (14) |
|
Posterior triangle of the neck |
|
|
968 | (8) |
|
|
|
976 | (9) |
|
|
|
985 | (1) |
|
|
|
986 | (1) |
|
|
|
987 | (3) |
|
|
|
990 | (1) |
|
Gaps in the pharyngeal wall and structures passing through them |
|
|
990 | (1) |
|
|
|
991 | (2) |
|
|
|
993 | (1) |
|
|
|
993 | (1) |
|
|
|
993 | (1) |
|
|
|
994 | (2) |
|
|
|
996 | (1) |
|
|
|
997 | (1) |
|
|
|
998 | (2) |
|
|
|
1000 | (1) |
|
|
|
1001 | (1) |
|
|
|
1002 | (1) |
|
|
|
1003 | (2) |
|
|
|
1005 | (3) |
|
|
|
1008 | (2) |
|
|
|
1010 | (2) |
|
|
|
1012 | (1) |
|
|
|
1013 | (1) |
|
|
|
1014 | (1) |
|
|
|
1015 | (1) |
|
Innervation and blood supply |
|
|
1016 | (1) |
|
|
|
1016 | (2) |
|
|
|
1018 | (1) |
|
|
|
1018 | (2) |
|
|
|
1020 | (4) |
|
|
|
1024 | (1) |
|
|
|
1024 | (1) |
|
|
|
1024 | (2) |
|
|
|
1026 | (2) |
|
|
|
1028 | (2) |
|
|
|
1030 | (1) |
|
Multiple nerves innervate the oral cavity |
|
|
1031 | (1) |
|
|
|
1031 | (3) |
|
|
|
1034 | (1) |
|
|
|
1035 | (2) |
|
|
|
1037 | (7) |
|
|
|
1044 | (3) |
|
|
|
1047 | (8) |
|
|
|
1055 | (1) |
|
|
|
1055 | (1) |
|
|
|
1056 | (5) |
|
|
|
1061 | (10) |
|
Head and neck surface anatomy |
|
|
1061 | (1) |
|
Anatomical position of the head and major landmarks |
|
|
1062 | (1) |
|
Visualizing structures at the CIII/CIV and CVI vertebral levels |
|
|
1063 | (1) |
|
How to outline the anterior and posterior triangles of the neck |
|
|
1063 | (1) |
|
How to locate the cricothyroid ligament |
|
|
1064 | (1) |
|
How to find the thyroid gland |
|
|
1065 | (1) |
|
Estimating the position of the middle meningeal artery |
|
|
1066 | (1) |
|
Major features of the face |
|
|
1067 | (1) |
|
The eye and lacrimal apparatus |
|
|
1068 | (1) |
|
|
|
1069 | (1) |
|
|
|
1070 | (1) |
|
|
|
1071 | (10) |
| Index |
|
1081 | |
