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E-grāmata: Green Gold: Contested Meanings and Socio-Environmental Change in Argentine Yerba Mate Cultivation

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This book applies an approach to study the externalization of cost under capitalism in the production of Argentine yerba mate, an infusion with stimulant properties long used by indigenous peoples. Consumption in today’s globalized economy makes it difficult to understand the consequences of our actions across the globe. A political-ecological lens, informed by the work of Robert Sack and Ian Cook, can help guide an analysis that geographically reconstructs supply chains and reveal the realities of consumption. The use of yerba mate has become a cornerstone of Argentine society and identity, and yerba mate processors are working to expand exports globally. In Argentina’s Misiones Province, the heart of yerba mate production, the true costs of production are borne by the children, the impoverished laborers, and the environment of Argentina’s Atlantic Rainforest. These consequences of modernity, along with the efforts of an NGO to remedy them, are presented and assessed.

1 Introduction
1(4)
References
3(2)
2 A Biographical Sketch of Yerba Mate
5(16)
2.1 Consumption and Production
5(2)
2.2 Botany and Biogeography of Yerba Mate
7(1)
2.3 History of Yerba Mate
8(6)
2.4 Production Process
14(2)
2.5 Marketing, Global Proliferation and INYM
16(2)
References
18(3)
3 "Get[ ting] Behind the Veil:" A "Sackian" Political-Ecological Approach
21(8)
3.1 Political Ecology
21(2)
3.2 Robert Sack and the Construction of Place
23(3)
3.3 Michael Carolan and Food System Concentration
26(1)
3.4 Putting it all Together: Political Ecological Lens Imbued by Sack, Cook, and Carolan
27(1)
References
28(1)
4 INYM, Prices, and the Argentine Yerba Mate Food System
29(8)
4.1 Current Socioeconomic Contexts: Argentina and Misiones
29(1)
4.2 The Argentine Yerba Mate Food System
30(2)
4.3 Pricing Regime
32(2)
References
34(3)
5 Socio-Environmental Consequences of Low Margins in the Argentine Yerba Mate Food System
37(10)
5.1 Land Concentration and Tenure
37(1)
5.2 The Plight of the Tareferos
38(1)
5.3 Child Labor
39(3)
5.4 Health-Related Hazards Associated with Chemical Inputs
42(2)
5.5 Environmental Harm Associated with Chemical Inputs
44(1)
References
45(2)
6 Conclusions
47
6.1 Future Work and Limitations
47(1)
6.2 Closing Thoughts
48(2)
References
50