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Green Roof Retrofit: Building Urban Resilience [Mīkstie vāki]

Edited by (Sheffield Hallam University), Edited by (Oxford Brookes University)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 288 pages, height x width x depth: 241x168x8 mm, weight: 544 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 29-Jul-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 1119055571
  • ISBN-13: 9781119055570
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  • Bibliotēkām
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 288 pages, height x width x depth: 241x168x8 mm, weight: 544 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 29-Jul-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-Blackwell
  • ISBN-10: 1119055571
  • ISBN-13: 9781119055570
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
A deep understanding of the implications of green roof retrofit is required amongst students and practitioners to make the decisions and take the actions needed to mitigate climate changes. Green Roof Retrofit: building urban resilience illustrates the processes undertaken to develop this new knowledge and thereby embed a deeper level of understanding in readers.Illustrative case studies and exemplars are drawn from countries outside of the core researched areas to demonstrate the application of the knowledge more broadly. Examples are used from the Americas (North and South and Canada), Oceania, Asia and other European countries.The book describes the multiple criteria which inform decision making and how this provides a way forward for making better decisions about green roof retrofit in different countries and climates.
Notes on Editors x
Notes on Contributors xi
Foreword xiv
Acknowledgements xvi
Chapter 1 Building Resilience in Urban Settlements Through Green Roof Retrofit 1(13)
1.0 Introduction
1(1)
1.1 Background and Context: Green Infrastructure
2(3)
1.1.1 Green Roofs
4(1)
1.2 Extensive and Intensive Systems
5(1)
1.3 Valuing Green Infrastructure and Wider Economic Benefits
5(2)
1.4 Measures of Greenness in Cities and the Growing Market for Green Roofs
7(1)
1.5 A Growing Global Market for Green Roofs
7(1)
1.6 Overview of the Structure of the Book
8(4)
1.7 Conclusion
12(1)
References
12(2)
Chapter 2 Technical and Engineering Issues in Green Roof Retrofit 14(23)
2.0 Introduction
14(1)
2.1 Technical and Engineering Considerations
15(1)
2.2 Roof Structure and Covering Typologies
15(6)
2.2.1 Pitched Roof Structures
15(1)
2.2.2 Pitched Roof Coverings
16(2)
2.2.3 Flat Roof Structures
18(1)
2.2.4 Flat Roof Coverings
19(1)
2.2.5 Other Roof Designs
20(1)
2.2.6 Green Roof Modular Systems
20(1)
2.3 Available Space
21(1)
2.4 Structural Capacity
21(2)
2.5 Waterproof Membranes and Insulation
23(1)
2.6 Drainage
24(1)
2.7 Heritage
24(1)
2.8 Green Roof Access
24(2)
2.8.1 Access for Maintenance
25(1)
2.8.2 Temporary or Permanent Access Strategies
25(1)
2.8.3 Maintenance Frequency
26(1)
2.9 Other Issues
26(1)
2.10 How to Determine Which Green Roof Type is Best Suited to Different Structures
26(1)
2.11 Illustrative Case Studies
27(8)
2.11.1 Australia — Surry Hills Library and Beare Park, Sydney
27(3)
2.11.2 Brazil
30(3)
2.11.3 1214 Queen St West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
33(1)
2.11.4 107 Cheapside, London, UK
34(1)
2.12 Conclusions
35(1)
References
36(1)
Chapter 3 Green Roof Retrofit and the Urban Heat Island 37(25)
3.0 Introduction
37(1)
3.1 Defining the Urban Heat Island
37(3)
3.1.1 UHI Impacts on Environment, Society and Economy
39(1)
3.2 Microclimatic Effects of Rooftop Greening
40(3)
3.3 Green Roof Cooling Mechanisms
43(2)
3.4 Green Roof Retrofit for UHI Mitigation — Defining the Boundaries
45(2)
3.4.1 Roof Availability and Suitability -
45(1)
3.4.2 Design Considerations — Intensive Versus Extensive
46(1)
3.5 Green Roof Retrofit for UHI Mitigation — Developing the Model
47(3)
3.5.1 Overview of Methods
47(1)
3.5.2 Modelling Roof Availability and Suitability
48(1)
3.5.3 Modelling Thermal Performance
49(1)
3.6 Model Implementation — Evaluating Sydney's Surface and Canopy-Layer Heat Islands
50(5)
3.7 Green Roof Retrofit for UHI Mitigation — Model Implementation
55(2)
3.8 Conclusions — Where to from Here?
57(2)
3.8.1 Limitations of the Research and Opportunities for Further Work
58(1)
References
59(3)
Chapter 4 Thermal Performance of Green Roof Retrofit 62(23)
4.0 Introduction
62(1)
4.1 Green Roof Retrofit and Thermal Performance
63(4)
4.2 Research Methodology
67(1)
4.3 Case study: Rio de Janeiro and Sydney
68(12)
4.3.1 Rio de Janeiro Case Study
69(5)
4.3.2 Sydney Case Study
74(4)
4.3.3 Evaluation of Rio de Janeiro and Sydney Cases
78(2)
4.4 Conclusions
80(2)
References
82(3)
Chapter 5 Stormwater Attenuation and Green Roof Retrofit 85(21)
5.0 Introduction
85(1)
5.1 The Problem of Pluvial Flooding
86(2)
5.2 Specifications for Stormwater Roofs and Issues for Retrofit
88(2)
5.2.1 Technical and Physical Issues in Retrofit
88(1)
5.2.2 Estimating Runoff Reduction
89(1)
5.3 Modelling for City-Scale Stormwater Attenuation
90(9)
5.3.1 Melbourne, Australia
92(3)
5.3.2 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK CBD Database
95(2)
5.3.3 Melbourne and Newcastle Runoff Estimation
97(2)
5.4 Assessment of Retrofit at a Building Scale
99(3)
5.4.1 Portland Ecoroof Programme
101(1)
5.5 Conclusions — Where to Next?
102(1)
References
103(3)
Chapter 6 Biodiversity and Green Roof Retrofit 106(12)
6.0 Introduction
106(2)
6.1 What is Biodiversity?
108(1)
6.2 Green Roofs for Vertebrate Conservation
109(1)
6.3 Green Roofs for Invertebrate Conservation
110(2)
6.4 Conclusions
112(3)
6.4.1 Designing Biodiverse Green Roofs
113(2)
References
115(3)
Chapter 7 Planting Choices for Retrofitted Green Roofs 118(22)
7.0 Introduction
118(2)
7.1 Ecosystem Services Delivery By Green Roofs: The Importance of Plant Choice
120(1)
7.2 Plant Species Choice and Building Cooling/Insulation
120(10)
7.2.1 Plants and Cooling — Basic Principles
120(3)
7.2.2 Plant Species Choice and Summer-Time Surface Cooling
123(6)
7.2.3 Plant Species Choice and Winter-Time Insulation
129(1)
7.3 Plant Species Choice and Stormwater Management
130(3)
7.4 Greater Plant Variety can Enhance Urban Biodiversity
133(1)
7.5 Plant Choices and Particle Pollution Mitigation
134(1)
7.6 New Plant Choices and Adaptation of Current Green Roof Systems
134(1)
7.7 Conclusions and Future Work
135(1)
References
136(4)
Chapter 8 Green Roof Retrofitting and Conservation of Endangered Flora 140(18)
8.0 Introduction
140(1)
8.1 Biodiversity Conservation — a Strategic Overview
141(2)
8.2 A Review of Green Roofs in Habitat Conservation
143(3)
8.3 Knowledge Gaps and Further Research
146(3)
8.3.1 A Research Programme for Conserving Endangered Species on Green Roofs
147(1)
8.3.2 The Endangered Community of the Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub
147(2)
8.4 A Model Research Design for Species Conservation
149(5)
8.4.1 Extensive or Intensive Roofs?
149(1)
8.4.2 Research Objectives
150(2)
8.4.3 Guiding Principles for ESBS Regeneration
152(1)
8.4.4 Preparatory Steps
152(1)
8.4.5 Monitoring
153(1)
8.4.6 Expected Outcomes
153(1)
8.5 Conclusions
154(1)
References
154(4)
Chapter 9 Urban Food Production on Retrofitted Rooftops 158(31)
9.0 Introduction
158(1)
9.1 Green Roof Retrofit and Urban Food Production
159(2)
9.2 Stakeholders and Urban Food Production
161(1)
9.3 Contamination and Air-Quality Issues
162(8)
9.3.1 Types of Pollutant
163(1)
9.3.2 Most Urban Soils are Contaminated
164(1)
9.3.3 Do Contaminants Accumulate in Urban Crops?
165(2)
9.3.4 Mitigating Urban Crop Contamination
167(2)
9.3.5 Urban Gardens and Air Quality
169(1)
9.4 The Research Design and Methodology
170(10)
9.4.1 Case Studies
171(1)
9.4.2 Gumal Student Housing
171(2)
9.4.3 Science Roof
173(2)
9.4.4 Vertical Gardens
175(1)
9.4.5 Results and Interpretation
176(4)
9.4.6 Findings
180(1)
9.5 The Carbon Footprint of Food Grown on Demonstration Beds
180(1)
9.6 Potential Reductions in Carbon Footprint
181(2)
9.7 Conclusions
183(1)
References
183(6)
Chapter 10 Social Aspects of Institutional Rooftop Gardens 189(27)
10.0 Introduction and Objectives
189(1)
10.1 Social Aspects, Productivity and Sustainability Potential of Rooftop Gardens
190(3)
10.2 Methodology
193(4)
10.2.1 Comparative Analysis of Eight University Rooftop Garden Case Studies
195(1)
10.2.2 Semi-Structured Interviews with UTS Roof Gardening Club
195(1)
10.2.3 107 Projects Rooftop Garden: A Sensory Ethnography
196(1)
10.3 Main Findings
197(12)
10.3.1 Comparative Analysis of Eight Rooftop Gardens in Universities
197(1)
10.3.2 Qualitative Analysis of UTS Roof Gardening Club Semi-Structured Interviews
198(7)
10.3.3 107 Projects Rooftop Garden, Sydney
205(3)
10.3.4 St Canice Kitchen Garden, Kings Cross, Sydney
208(1)
10.4 Recommendations, Discussions and Conclusions
209(3)
Acknowledgement
212(1)
References
212(4)
Chapter 11 Cool Roof Retrofits as an Alternative to Green Roofs 216(19)
11.0 Introduction
216(1)
11.1 What is a Cool Roof?
216(1)
11.2 Background - How does a Cool Roof Work?
217(1)
11.3 Cool Roof Studies and Measurements
217(1)
11.4 The Experiments
218(14)
11.4.1 Results
219(9)
11.4.2 Other Residential Building Typologies
228(3)
11.4.3 Impact of CRP on PV Energy Generation
231(1)
11.5 Conclusions
232(1)
11.5.1 Negative Impacts of Cool Roofs
232(1)
11.5.2 Green Roofs Versus Cool Roofs
232(1)
11.5.3 Cool Roofs and Retrofits
233(1)
11.5.4 Barriers and Stakeholders
233(1)
Acknowledgements
233(1)
References
234(1)
Chapter 12 Looking to the Future 235(12)
12.0 Introduction
235(1)
12.1 City-level Actions: Basel and Paris
235(2)
12.2 City-level Actions: Requirements or Inducements?
237(3)
12.3 Tools and Information Sources
240(1)
12.4 Green Roofs: The Big Picture of GI and Future Developments
241(2)
12.5 Recognising the Multiple Benefits of Green Roof Retrofit
243(1)
12.6 Overall Conclusions
244(1)
References
245(2)
Appendices 247(10)
Appendix 1 A Checklist for Appraising the Suitability of an Existing Roof for Green Roof Retrofit
247(3)
Appendix 2 Checklist for Designers of Biodiverse Green Roofs
250(3)
Appendix 3 Tools, Information Sources and Mapping/GIS for Green Roofs - Some Examples
253(4)
Index 257
Sara Wilkinson - Associate Professor in Property and Construction, University of Technology, Sydney. Sara has a combination of professional industry and academic experience spanning more than 30 years. Sara's research focus is building adaptation within the context of sustainability, and represents areas of professional practice prior to becoming an academic. Her PhD examined building adaptation and the relationship to property attributes, whilst her MPhil explored the conceptual understanding of green buildings. Sara is a member of the RICS Oceania Sustainability Working Group. She is the International Federation of Surveyors (FIG) Vice-Chair of Commission 10 "Construction Management & Construction Economics". Sara is also author of eight books/book chapters and was awarded the RICS COBRA Conference Best Paper Award in 2012 for her paper. The increasing importance of environmental attributes in commercial building retrofits. RICS COBRA Las Vegas USA. September 2012.

Tim Dixon - Chair in Sustainable Futures in the Built Environment, University of Reading Tim joined the School of Construction Management and Engineering, University of Reading in 2012. He was formerly was Director of OISD and Professor of Real Estate (2005-2012) at Oxford Brookes University. He is former Director of Research at the College of Estate Management, Reading (1998-2005). With more than 25 years' experience of research, education and professional practice in the built environment he is a fellow of the RICS and of the Higher Education Academy; a trained RICS APC assessor; and a former member of SEEDA's South East Excellence Advisory Board. He is also a member of the editorial boards of four leading international real estate journals (Journal of Property Investment and Finance, the Journal of Property Management, the Journal of Building Appraisal and Journal of Sustainable Real Estate); a member of the Advisory Board for Local Economy-; and a member of the review panel of the RICS Research Paper Series. He is a regular contributor to professional journals such as Estates Gazette and he is a regular columnist with Newzeye's 'Property Forecast'. He is also a member of the CORENET Sustainability Working Group and RICS Sustainability Group. In 2009 he was awarded Honorary Fellow status of the Institute of Green Professionals, which seeks to recognise pre-eminent individuals who exemplify academic and/or professional excellence, and serve as examples of scholarship and leadership for the global sustainability community and the public. He was formerly a member of the Oxford Futures Development Group, and carried out a peer review of the Qatar National Plan, funded by Ministry of Qatar (2010). He has recently worked on a range of funded sustainability-based research programmes, including European Investment Bank EIBURS (social sustainability and urban renewal), RICS (sustainability indicators - 'Green Gauge' project), and RICS Education Trust/Kajima Foundation ('A Comparative Study of UK-Japan Brownfields'). He also contributed to the evidence review for the DIUS Foresight Land Use Futures programme. He is currently working on the RICS 'Green Gauge' project and 'Low Carbon UK Cities' projects and EPSRC RETROFIT 2050 project (a major four year funded programme of research). He is also working in the University in a consultancy role with a number of key players in the property sector to operationalise the measurement of social sustainability in property development and regeneration projects, building on the OISD's EIB work, which he developed and led. The EIB work led to the book, Urban Regeneration and Social Sustainability in which he was principal co-author.