Notes on Editors |
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x | |
Notes on Contributors |
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xi | |
Foreword |
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xiv | |
Acknowledgements |
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xvi | |
Chapter 1 Building Resilience in Urban Settlements Through Green Roof Retrofit |
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1 | (13) |
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1 | (1) |
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1.1 Background and Context: Green Infrastructure |
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2 | (3) |
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4 | (1) |
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1.2 Extensive and Intensive Systems |
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5 | (1) |
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1.3 Valuing Green Infrastructure and Wider Economic Benefits |
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5 | (2) |
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1.4 Measures of Greenness in Cities and the Growing Market for Green Roofs |
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7 | (1) |
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1.5 A Growing Global Market for Green Roofs |
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7 | (1) |
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1.6 Overview of the Structure of the Book |
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8 | (4) |
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12 | (1) |
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12 | (2) |
Chapter 2 Technical and Engineering Issues in Green Roof Retrofit |
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14 | (23) |
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14 | (1) |
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2.1 Technical and Engineering Considerations |
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15 | (1) |
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2.2 Roof Structure and Covering Typologies |
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15 | (6) |
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2.2.1 Pitched Roof Structures |
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15 | (1) |
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2.2.2 Pitched Roof Coverings |
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16 | (2) |
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2.2.3 Flat Roof Structures |
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18 | (1) |
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2.2.4 Flat Roof Coverings |
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19 | (1) |
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20 | (1) |
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2.2.6 Green Roof Modular Systems |
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20 | (1) |
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21 | (1) |
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21 | (2) |
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2.5 Waterproof Membranes and Insulation |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (2) |
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2.8.1 Access for Maintenance |
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25 | (1) |
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2.8.2 Temporary or Permanent Access Strategies |
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25 | (1) |
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2.8.3 Maintenance Frequency |
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26 | (1) |
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26 | (1) |
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2.10 How to Determine Which Green Roof Type is Best Suited to Different Structures |
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26 | (1) |
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2.11 Illustrative Case Studies |
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27 | (8) |
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2.11.1 Australia Surry Hills Library and Beare Park, Sydney |
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27 | (3) |
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30 | (3) |
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2.11.3 1214 Queen St West, Toronto, Ontario, Canada |
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33 | (1) |
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2.11.4 107 Cheapside, London, UK |
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34 | (1) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (1) |
Chapter 3 Green Roof Retrofit and the Urban Heat Island |
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37 | (25) |
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37 | (1) |
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3.1 Defining the Urban Heat Island |
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37 | (3) |
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3.1.1 UHI Impacts on Environment, Society and Economy |
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39 | (1) |
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3.2 Microclimatic Effects of Rooftop Greening |
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40 | (3) |
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3.3 Green Roof Cooling Mechanisms |
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43 | (2) |
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3.4 Green Roof Retrofit for UHI Mitigation Defining the Boundaries |
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45 | (2) |
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3.4.1 Roof Availability and Suitability - |
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45 | (1) |
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3.4.2 Design Considerations Intensive Versus Extensive |
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46 | (1) |
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3.5 Green Roof Retrofit for UHI Mitigation Developing the Model |
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47 | (3) |
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3.5.1 Overview of Methods |
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47 | (1) |
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3.5.2 Modelling Roof Availability and Suitability |
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48 | (1) |
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3.5.3 Modelling Thermal Performance |
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49 | (1) |
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3.6 Model Implementation Evaluating Sydney's Surface and Canopy-Layer Heat Islands |
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50 | (5) |
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3.7 Green Roof Retrofit for UHI Mitigation Model Implementation |
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55 | (2) |
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3.8 Conclusions Where to from Here? |
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57 | (2) |
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3.8.1 Limitations of the Research and Opportunities for Further Work |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (3) |
Chapter 4 Thermal Performance of Green Roof Retrofit |
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62 | (23) |
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62 | (1) |
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4.1 Green Roof Retrofit and Thermal Performance |
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63 | (4) |
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67 | (1) |
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4.3 Case study: Rio de Janeiro and Sydney |
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68 | (12) |
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4.3.1 Rio de Janeiro Case Study |
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69 | (5) |
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74 | (4) |
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4.3.3 Evaluation of Rio de Janeiro and Sydney Cases |
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78 | (2) |
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80 | (2) |
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82 | (3) |
Chapter 5 Stormwater Attenuation and Green Roof Retrofit |
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85 | (21) |
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85 | (1) |
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5.1 The Problem of Pluvial Flooding |
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86 | (2) |
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5.2 Specifications for Stormwater Roofs and Issues for Retrofit |
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88 | (2) |
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5.2.1 Technical and Physical Issues in Retrofit |
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88 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Estimating Runoff Reduction |
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89 | (1) |
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5.3 Modelling for City-Scale Stormwater Attenuation |
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90 | (9) |
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5.3.1 Melbourne, Australia |
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92 | (3) |
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5.3.2 Newcastle-upon-Tyne, UK CBD Database |
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95 | (2) |
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5.3.3 Melbourne and Newcastle Runoff Estimation |
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97 | (2) |
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5.4 Assessment of Retrofit at a Building Scale |
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99 | (3) |
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5.4.1 Portland Ecoroof Programme |
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101 | (1) |
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5.5 Conclusions Where to Next? |
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102 | (1) |
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103 | (3) |
Chapter 6 Biodiversity and Green Roof Retrofit |
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106 | (12) |
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106 | (2) |
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6.1 What is Biodiversity? |
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108 | (1) |
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6.2 Green Roofs for Vertebrate Conservation |
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109 | (1) |
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6.3 Green Roofs for Invertebrate Conservation |
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110 | (2) |
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112 | (3) |
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6.4.1 Designing Biodiverse Green Roofs |
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113 | (2) |
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115 | (3) |
Chapter 7 Planting Choices for Retrofitted Green Roofs |
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118 | (22) |
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118 | (2) |
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7.1 Ecosystem Services Delivery By Green Roofs: The Importance of Plant Choice |
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120 | (1) |
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7.2 Plant Species Choice and Building Cooling/Insulation |
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120 | (10) |
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7.2.1 Plants and Cooling Basic Principles |
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120 | (3) |
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7.2.2 Plant Species Choice and Summer-Time Surface Cooling |
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123 | (6) |
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7.2.3 Plant Species Choice and Winter-Time Insulation |
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129 | (1) |
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7.3 Plant Species Choice and Stormwater Management |
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130 | (3) |
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7.4 Greater Plant Variety can Enhance Urban Biodiversity |
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133 | (1) |
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7.5 Plant Choices and Particle Pollution Mitigation |
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134 | (1) |
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7.6 New Plant Choices and Adaptation of Current Green Roof Systems |
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134 | (1) |
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7.7 Conclusions and Future Work |
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135 | (1) |
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136 | (4) |
Chapter 8 Green Roof Retrofitting and Conservation of Endangered Flora |
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140 | (18) |
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140 | (1) |
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8.1 Biodiversity Conservation a Strategic Overview |
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141 | (2) |
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8.2 A Review of Green Roofs in Habitat Conservation |
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143 | (3) |
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8.3 Knowledge Gaps and Further Research |
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146 | (3) |
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8.3.1 A Research Programme for Conserving Endangered Species on Green Roofs |
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147 | (1) |
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8.3.2 The Endangered Community of the Eastern Suburbs Banksia Scrub |
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147 | (2) |
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8.4 A Model Research Design for Species Conservation |
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149 | (5) |
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8.4.1 Extensive or Intensive Roofs? |
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149 | (1) |
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8.4.2 Research Objectives |
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150 | (2) |
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8.4.3 Guiding Principles for ESBS Regeneration |
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152 | (1) |
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152 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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153 | (1) |
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154 | (1) |
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154 | (4) |
Chapter 9 Urban Food Production on Retrofitted Rooftops |
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158 | (31) |
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158 | (1) |
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9.1 Green Roof Retrofit and Urban Food Production |
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159 | (2) |
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9.2 Stakeholders and Urban Food Production |
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161 | (1) |
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9.3 Contamination and Air-Quality Issues |
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162 | (8) |
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163 | (1) |
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9.3.2 Most Urban Soils are Contaminated |
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164 | (1) |
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9.3.3 Do Contaminants Accumulate in Urban Crops? |
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165 | (2) |
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9.3.4 Mitigating Urban Crop Contamination |
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167 | (2) |
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9.3.5 Urban Gardens and Air Quality |
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169 | (1) |
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9.4 The Research Design and Methodology |
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170 | (10) |
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171 | (1) |
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9.4.2 Gumal Student Housing |
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171 | (2) |
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173 | (2) |
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175 | (1) |
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9.4.5 Results and Interpretation |
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176 | (4) |
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180 | (1) |
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9.5 The Carbon Footprint of Food Grown on Demonstration Beds |
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180 | (1) |
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9.6 Potential Reductions in Carbon Footprint |
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181 | (2) |
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183 | (1) |
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183 | (6) |
Chapter 10 Social Aspects of Institutional Rooftop Gardens |
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189 | (27) |
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10.0 Introduction and Objectives |
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189 | (1) |
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10.1 Social Aspects, Productivity and Sustainability Potential of Rooftop Gardens |
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190 | (3) |
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193 | (4) |
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10.2.1 Comparative Analysis of Eight University Rooftop Garden Case Studies |
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195 | (1) |
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10.2.2 Semi-Structured Interviews with UTS Roof Gardening Club |
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195 | (1) |
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10.2.3 107 Projects Rooftop Garden: A Sensory Ethnography |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (12) |
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10.3.1 Comparative Analysis of Eight Rooftop Gardens in Universities |
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197 | (1) |
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10.3.2 Qualitative Analysis of UTS Roof Gardening Club Semi-Structured Interviews |
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198 | (7) |
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10.3.3 107 Projects Rooftop Garden, Sydney |
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205 | (3) |
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10.3.4 St Canice Kitchen Garden, Kings Cross, Sydney |
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208 | (1) |
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10.4 Recommendations, Discussions and Conclusions |
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209 | (3) |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (4) |
Chapter 11 Cool Roof Retrofits as an Alternative to Green Roofs |
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216 | (19) |
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216 | (1) |
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11.1 What is a Cool Roof? |
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216 | (1) |
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11.2 Background - How does a Cool Roof Work? |
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217 | (1) |
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11.3 Cool Roof Studies and Measurements |
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217 | (1) |
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218 | (14) |
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219 | (9) |
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11.4.2 Other Residential Building Typologies |
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228 | (3) |
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11.4.3 Impact of CRP on PV Energy Generation |
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231 | (1) |
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232 | (1) |
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11.5.1 Negative Impacts of Cool Roofs |
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232 | (1) |
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11.5.2 Green Roofs Versus Cool Roofs |
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232 | (1) |
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11.5.3 Cool Roofs and Retrofits |
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233 | (1) |
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11.5.4 Barriers and Stakeholders |
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233 | (1) |
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233 | (1) |
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234 | (1) |
Chapter 12 Looking to the Future |
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235 | (12) |
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235 | (1) |
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12.1 City-level Actions: Basel and Paris |
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235 | (2) |
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12.2 City-level Actions: Requirements or Inducements? |
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237 | (3) |
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12.3 Tools and Information Sources |
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240 | (1) |
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12.4 Green Roofs: The Big Picture of GI and Future Developments |
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241 | (2) |
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12.5 Recognising the Multiple Benefits of Green Roof Retrofit |
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243 | (1) |
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244 | (1) |
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245 | (2) |
Appendices |
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247 | (10) |
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Appendix 1 A Checklist for Appraising the Suitability of an Existing Roof for Green Roof Retrofit |
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247 | (3) |
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Appendix 2 Checklist for Designers of Biodiverse Green Roofs |
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250 | (3) |
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Appendix 3 Tools, Information Sources and Mapping/GIS for Green Roofs - Some Examples |
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253 | (4) |
Index |
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257 | |