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E-grāmata: Grove Karl Gilbert: A Great Engine of Research

  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : American Land & Life Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Oct-2007
  • Izdevniecība: University of Iowa Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781587297540
  • Formāts - PDF+DRM
  • Cena: 40,51 €*
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Sērija : American Land & Life Series
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Oct-2007
  • Izdevniecība: University of Iowa Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781587297540

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The life of Grove Karl Gilbert, first chief geologist of the U.S. Geological Survey, spanned the heroic age of American geology during the time that this young earth science was being intellectually and institutionally defined. By the time of Gilbert's death in 1918 at age seventy-five, geology ranked as one of the outstanding traditions in American science, with a magnificent history of exploration. As Stephen Pyne reveals in his biography, few other scientists can match Gilbert's range of talents. A premier explorer of the American West who made major contributions to the cascade of new discoveries about the earth, Gilbert described two novel forms of mountain building, invented the concept of the graded stream, inaugurated modern theories of lunar origin, helped found the science of geomorphology, and added to the canon of conservation literature. Gilbert knew most of geology's grand figures - including John Wesley Powell, Clarence Dutton, and Clarence King - and Pyne's chronicle of the imperturbable, quietly unconventional Gilbert is counterpointed with sketches of these prominent scientists. The man who wrote that ""happiness is sitting under a tent with walls uplifted, just after a brief shower,"" created answers to the larger questions of the earth in ways that have become classics of his science. Stephen Pyne's clear explication of these scientific complexities and attention to the idiosyncratic details that make up a life form a compelling biography of America's greatest geologist.
Author's Note to the Paperback Edition vii
Preface and Acknowledgments xi
1. In a Nutshell 3
The Education of a Classicist
5
A Clerk in the Cosmos
11
Of Mastodons and Mathematics: The Cohoes Potholes
17
Cracking the Nutshell
20
2. "Astride the occidental mule" 22
A Volunteer Assistant
22
"Labels written by the Creator": John Strong Newberry
28
"Hydrographical peculiarities"
34
West with Wheeler
37
"A systematic approach": The Geology of a Reconnaissance
51
The Lieutenant and the Major
57
3. The Major Years 64
"The western fever"
64
By Virtue of Its Ensemble: Powell, Dutton, Gilbert
72
"Certain allied problems in mechanics": The Henry Mountains
83
Languages for a New Geology: Mechanics, Mathematics, Literature
95
The Society of a Geologist
103
4. A Great Engine of Research 108
The Division of the Great Basin
108
The Revolving Chair: Chief Geologist of the U.S. Geological Survey
113
The Scientist as Aristocrat: George Ferdinand Becker
126
Lake Bonneville
134
Time's Ratio: The Meaning of Geologic History
145
"A little daft on the subject of the moon"
152
The Great Basin Mess
160
5. Grade 167
A "buried star"
167
The Mean Plain
179
The Inculcation of Scientific Method
186
The Text for a University Science: Thomas Chrowder Chamberlin
193
An Elder Statesman
201
6. The Inculcation of Grove Karl Gilbert 203
Geophysics in the Giant Forest
203
Gilbert the Glaciologist
219
Gilbert the Geophysicist
226
Gilbert the Geomorphologist
236
The Cycle of Erosion: William Morris Davis
254
A New Life
262
Notes 269
Sources 291
Biographical Memoirs 295
Index 296
Stephen Pyne is Regents Professor and historian in the School of Life Sciences, Arizona State University, and the author of many books and articles on the history of exploration and environmental history. In 1995 he was awarded the Robert Kirsch Award from the Los Angeles Times for his body-of-work contribution to American letters.