This illustrated guide to identifying or confirming blood disorders in paediatric patients presents examples of the abnormal morphology involved. Clinicians in both Haematology and Paediatrics will find this an invaluable resource.
This illustrated guide to identifying or confirming blood disorders in paediatric patients presents examples of the abnormal morphology involved. Clinicians in both haematology and paediatrics will find this an invaluable resource.
- Provides an authoritative visual guide for standard morphology in paediatric haematology disorders.
- Offers a reliable guide for registrars in haematology and paediatrics.
- Presents expert guidance for clinical identification and confirmation of diagnoses.
Acknowledgements
Introduction
Examination of the Blood Film. Preparation of the film. Examination of the
film. Artefactual changes seen on the blood film. White cell artefact. Poor
staining. Crush artefact. Platelet artefact. Red cell classification.
Significance of the red cell distribution width (RDW).
Section 1: Red Cells
Erythrocytes in the neonate and childhood: Are they macrocytic, normocytic,
or microcytic (why the change in size?). Foetomaternal haemorrhage. The art
of blood film morphology. Red cell reference ranges. Reticulocyte reference
ranges. Electron microscopic image of normal red cells. Cord blood. Anaemia
in the neonate. ABO incompatibility. Rh haemolytic disease of the newborn.
Twin to twin haemorrhage prior to birth. Erythroblastosis fetalis.
Haemoglobin disorders. The a thalassaemias. Silent carrier a-thalassaemia
trait. a- thalassaemia trait. Haemoglobin H disease. Haemoglobin H disease
cresyl blue. Hydrops fetalis. Haemoglobin constant spring (HbCS). The
thalassaemias. Silent carrier thalassaemia trait. -thalassaemia trait.
-thalassaemia intermedia. -thalassaemia major. Abnormal haemoglobins.
Haemoglobin C. HBC trait. HBCC disease. In vitro test for detection of HBC.
Haemoglobin E. HBE trait. HBEE disease. Hb E/thalassaemia. Hb E/
thalassaemia. Hb S/ thalassaemia. HB haemoglobin S. HBS trait. HBSS disease.
In vitro sickling test for detection of HBS. Red cell membrane disorders.
Herederitary spherocytosis. Hereditary elliptocytosis. South-east Asian
ovalocytosis. Heredeitary stomatocytosis (Hydrocytosis). Hereditary
xerocytosis. Heredeitary pyropoikilocytosis (HPP). Abetalipoproteinaemia.
Vitamin E deficiency. Liver disease. Burns (third degree). Diamond blackfan
anaemia (DBA). Haemolytic anaemias. Haemolytic anaemia dure to lead
poisoning. Oxidant-drug-induced haemolytic anaemia. Pyruvate kinase (PK)
deficiency. Autoimmune haemolytic anaemia (AIHA). Microangiopathic haemolytic
anaemia. Valvular heart disease. Haemolytic uraemic syndrome (HUS).
Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP). Marfans syndrome. Disseminated
intravascular coagulation (DIC). Malignancy. HELLP syndrome. Paroxysmal cold
haemoglobinuria (PCH). Congenital sideroblastic anaemia. Transient
erythroblastopenia of childhood (TEC). Recovert from TEC. Miscellaneous red
cell images. Splenectomy Howell Jolly bodies. Splenectomy Acanthocytes.
Lipaemic plasma.
Section 2: White Cells
White cell reference ranges in infancy and childhood. Myeloid maturation.
Myeloblast. Promyelocyte. Myelocyte. Metamyelocyte. Band form. Neutrophil.
Eosinophil. Basophil. Abnormal Myeloid Cells. Pelger-Huėt anomaly.
Hypersegmented neutrophil. Hypergranulated neutrophils. Toxic vacuolation.
Döhle bodies. Leukaemoid reaction. Kawasaki disease. Alder-Reilly anomaly.
Mucopolysaccharidosis Type VI (MPS VI). Chédiak-Higashi anomaly.
Basophilia/Mastocytosis. Cutaneous mastocytosis (CM). Mast cell leukaemia
(MCL). Neonatal neutrophilia. Sepsis in the neonate. Bone marrow failure.
Aplastic anaemia. Dyskeratosis congenita (DC). Pancytopenias. Fanconi anaemia
(FA). Shwachman-Diamond syndrome (SDS). Neutropenia. Cyclic neutropenia.
Kostmann syndrome. Eosinophilia. Eosinophilia in the neonate. Eosinophilia in
early childhood. Leucoerythoblastosis. Osteopetrosis. Myeloproliferative
neoplasms in the neonate and childhood. Transient abnormal myelopoiesis
(TAM). Monocytes and macrophages. Monocytic maturation. Monoblast.
Promonocyte. Monocyte. Gaucher disease. Niemann-Pick disease. Reactive
haemophagocytic syndrome. Langerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH). Storage
disorders in the neonate and childhood. a-Mannosidosis.
Mucopolysaccharidoses. Hurler syndrome (Gasser lymphocytes). Cystinosis.
Wolman disease. Monosomy 7 myeloproliferative disease (MPD). Cytogenetics.
Juvenile myelomonocytic leukaemia (JMML). Cytogenetics. Myelodysplastic
syndromes (MDS). Lymphocytes. Lymphocyte maturation. Lymphoblast.
Prolymphocyte. Lymphocyte (small). Lymphocyte (large). Reactive
lymphocytosis. Reactive lymphocytes (Infectious mononucleosis) (IM).
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection. Varicella infection. Viral hepatitis.
Bordetella pertussis. Acute infectious lymphocytosis. Sialic acid storage
disease. Non-haemopoietic malignancies in the neonate and childhood.
Neuroblastoma. Rhabdomyosarcoma. Ewing sarcoma.
Section 3: Platelets
Platelet reference ranges in infancy and childhood. Megakaryocytic
maturation. Megakaryoblast. Promegakaryocytes. Megakaryocyte. Platelet
abnormalities. Reactive thrombocytosis. Large and giant platelets. Platelet
aggregates. Platelet satellitism. Thrombocytopenia. Thrombocytopenia due to
increased destruction (ITP). Thrombocytopenia due to impaired or ineffective
thrombopoiesis. Amegakaryocytic thrombocytopenia (AMEGA). Bernard-Soulier
syndrome (BSS). Gray platelet syndrome (GPS). May-Hegglin anomaly (MHA).
Thrombocytopenia with absent radii (TAR). Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome (WAS).
Thrombocytosis. Lymphoproliferative neoplasms. B lymphoblastic
leukaemia/lymphoma. T-lymphoblastic leukaemia. Immunophenotype. T
lymphoblastic leukaemia/lymphoma. Immunophenotype.
Index.
Gillian Rozenberg, Consultant in blood film morphology, FAIMS (Life Member), FFSc (RCPA) is the Principal Medical Scientist working in the field of Diagnostic Haematology at the Prince of Wales Hospital, Sydney, Australia.
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