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Guidelines for Analysis and Description of Soil and Regolith Thin Sections 2nd edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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(Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium)
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 256 pages, height x width x depth: 10x10x10 mm, weight: 454 g
  • Sērija : ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Books
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Mar-2021
  • Izdevniecība: American Society of Agronomy
  • ISBN-10: 0891189750
  • ISBN-13: 9780891189756
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Guidelines for Analysis and Description of Soil and Regolith Thin Sections 2nd editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 256 pages, height x width x depth: 10x10x10 mm, weight: 454 g
  • Sērija : ASA, CSSA, and SSSA Books
  • Izdošanas datums: 09-Mar-2021
  • Izdevniecība: American Society of Agronomy
  • ISBN-10: 0891189750
  • ISBN-13: 9780891189756
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9780891189756.html
Keywords:
George Stoops, a world expert on thin section analysis, presents the most up-to-date system of analysis and description of soil and regolith materials as seen in thin sections. Scientists and students from archaeology to pedology will appreciate the introduction of micromorphology, the thorough treatment of all features that may be encountered, and especially the convenient system to key out those features. Bulleted lists and set-off definitions make this book work well in class and as a lab reference.
About the Second Edition xi
Acknowledgements to the First Edition xiii
List of Abbreviations
xv
1 Introduction
1(4)
2 Definitions and Historical Review
5(6)
2.1 What is Soil Micromorphology?
5(1)
2.2 Brief Historical Review
6(3)
2.3 Steps of Micromorphological Analysis
9(2)
2.3.1 Sampling
9(1)
2.3.2 Preparation of Thin Sections
10(1)
2.3.3 Analysis and Description of Thin Sections
10(1)
2.3.4 Interpretation and Reporting
10(1)
3 Aspects and Techniques of Thin Section Studies
11(26)
3.1 From a Two-Dimensional Observation to a Three-Dimensional Reality
11(8)
3.1.1 Introduction
11(1)
3.1.2 Transition from Two to Three Dimensions
11(6)
3.1.3 Wedging Effects
17(1)
3.1.4 Minimal Visible Size and Magnification
17(1)
3.1.5 Holmes Effect
18(1)
3.1.6 Orientation
18(1)
3.1.7 Optical Illusion
18(1)
3.2 Microscopic Techniques for Thin Section Studies
19(18)
3.2.1 Introduction
19(1)
3.2.2 Optical Techniques
19(1)
3.2.2.1 Introduction
19(2)
3.2.2.2 Circular Polarized Light
21(1)
3.2.2.3 Dark-field Illumination
21(2)
3.2.2.4 Oblique Incident Light and Dark Ground Incident Light
23(1)
3.2.2.5 Fluorescence Microscopy
24(1)
3.2.2.5.1 Introduction
24(1)
3.2.2.5.2 Equipment
25(2)
3.2.2.5.3 Application
27(2)
3.2.2.6 Cathodoluminescence
29(1)
3.2.2.6.1 Introduction
29(1)
3.2.2.6.2 Equipment
29(1)
3.2.2.6.3 Sample Preparation
30(1)
3.2.2.6.4 Application
30(1)
3.2.3 Selective Extractions
30(1)
3.2.3.1 Introduction
30(2)
3.2.3.2 Extraction of Carbonates
32(1)
3.2.3.3 Extraction of Iron and Manganese Oxy hydrates
33(1)
3.2.3.4 Bleaching of Humic Substances
33(1)
3.2.4 Staining and Spot Tests
34(1)
3.2.4.1 Introduction
34(1)
3.2.4.2 Differential Staining of Anhydrous Alkali-Earth Carbonates
34(1)
3.2.4.2.1 Introduction
34(1)
3.2.4.2.2 Procedure
34(1)
3.2.4.2.3 Application
35(1)
3.2.4.3 Ferruginous Components
36(1)
3.2.4.4 Manganese Oxides and Hydroxides
36(1)
3.2.4.5 Clay Minerals
36(1)
4 Elements of Fabric
37(30)
4.1 Introduction
37(1)
4.2 Concepts of Fabric
38(3)
4.3 Elements of Fabric
41(24)
4.3.1 Introduction
41(1)
4.3.2 Patterns
42(1)
4.3.2.1 Introduction
42(1)
4.3.2.2 Basic Patterns
42(1)
4.3.2.2.1 Basic Distribution Patterns
43(1)
4.3.2.2.2 Basic Orientation Patterns
43(2)
4.3.2.2.3 Orientation Patterns of Clay Particles
45(3)
4.3.2.3 Referred Patterns
48(1)
4.3.2.3.1 Referred Distribution Pattern
48(1)
4.3.2.3.2 Referred Orientation Patterns
49(1)
4.3.2.4 Related Distribution Patterns
49(1)
4.3.2.4.1 General
49(3)
4.3.2.4.2 The c/f related distribution pattern
52(3)
4.3.3 Size
55(2)
4.3.4 Sorting
57(1)
4.3.5 Abundance
57(2)
4.3.6 Shape
59(1)
4.3.6.1 Introduction
59(2)
4.3.6.2 Equidimensionality
61(1)
4.3.6.3 Degree of Roundness and Sphericity
62(1)
4.3.6.4 Surface Roughness and Smoothness
62(1)
4.3.6.5 Boundary
63(1)
4.3.7 Color
64(1)
4.4 Variability within Partial Fabrics
65(1)
4.5 Concepts Used
65(2)
5 Voids, Aggregates and Microstructure
67(20)
5.1 Introduction
67(1)
5.2 Voids
68(9)
5.2.1 Introduction
68(1)
5.2.2 Types of Voids (Fig. 5.1)
69(3)
5.2.3 Size of Poroids
72(1)
5.2.4 Abundance of Voids
73(1)
5.2.5 Roughness and Smoothness of Void Walls
73(1)
5.2.6 Arrangement of Voids
73(1)
5.2.7 Accommodation of Voids
73(2)
5.2.8 Note
75(2)
5.3 Aggregation
77(6)
5.3.1 Introduction
77(1)
5.3.2 Peds
77(2)
5.3.3 Degree of Ped Separation and of Pedality
79(1)
5.3.4 Size of Peds
80(2)
5.3.5 Accommodation
82(1)
5.3.6 Surface Roughness
82(1)
5.3.7 Internal Fabric
82(1)
5.3.8 Ped Arrangement Patterns
82(1)
5.4 Types of Microstructures
83(4)
5.4.1 Introduction
83(1)
5.4.2 Main Types of Microstructure
83(4)
6 Mineral and Organic Constituents
87(40)
6.1 Introduction
87(1)
6.2 Coarse Mineral Components
87(28)
6.2.1 Introduction
87(1)
6.2.1.1 Importance of its Description
87(1)
6.2.1.2 Subdivision
88(1)
6.2.1.3 Important Properties
88(1)
6.2.1.3.1 Size
88(1)
6.2.1.3.2 Shape
88(2)
6.2.1.3.3 Abundance and Frequency
90(1)
6.2.1.3.4 Alteration
90(1)
6.2.2 Single Mineral Grains
90(10)
6.2.3 Compound Mineral Grains and Rock Fragments
100(3)
6.2.4 Inorganic Residues of Biological Origin
103(1)
6.2.4.1 Introduction
103(1)
6.2.4.2 Opaline Components
103(2)
6.2.4.3 Calcium Oxalate Crystals
105(1)
6.2.4.4 Calcium carbonate constituents of biological origin
105(6)
6.2.4.5 Bones and Other Skeletal Tissues
111(2)
6.2.5 Anthropogenic Elements
113(2)
6.3 Description of Fine Mineral Components
115(4)
6.3.1 Importance of its Description
115(1)
6.3.2 Nature
115(1)
6.3.2.1 Color
116(1)
6.3.2.2 Limpidity
117(1)
6.3.2.3 Interference Colors
117(1)
6.3.2.4 Other Characteristics
117(2)
6.3.3 Size
119(1)
6.3.4 Shape
119(1)
6.4 Description of Organic Components
119(8)
6.4.1 Introduction
119(1)
6.4.2 Animal Residues
120(1)
6.4.3 Plant Residues
121(4)
6.4.4 Alteration
125(1)
6.4.4.1 Introduction
125(1)
6.4.4.2 Alteration of Plant Tissues
126(1)
7 Groundmass
127(16)
7.1 Introduction and Definition
127(1)
7.2 Description
128(15)
7.2.1 The Limit Between Coarse and Fine
129(1)
7.2.2 The c/f related Distribution Pattern
130(1)
7.2.3 Coarse Material, Composition and Fabric
130(1)
7.2.4 The Fine Material (Micromass) and Its Fabric
131(1)
7.2.4.1 Introduction and Definition
131(2)
7.2.4.2 Types of b-fabric
133(5)
7.2.4.3 Factors Influencing the Expression of b-Fabrics
138(5)
8 Pedofeatures
143(46)
8.1 Introduction and Definitions
143(1)
8.2 Subdivision of Pedofeatures
144(5)
8.2.1 Introduction
144(1)
8.2.2 Matrix and Intrusive Pedofeatures
144(4)
8.2.3 Morphological Classification of Pedofeatures as Related to their Fabric
148(1)
8.3 Coatings, Hypocoatings and Quasicoatings
149(13)
8.3.1 Introduction
149(1)
8.3.2 Definitions
149(2)
8.3.3 Classification
151(2)
8.3.4 Descriptive Criteria
153(9)
8.4 Infillings
162(3)
8.4.1 Definition
162(1)
8.4.2 Classification
163(1)
8.4.3 Descriptive Criteria
164(1)
8.5 Crystals and Crystal Intergrowths
165(3)
8.5.1 Introduction
165(2)
8.5.2 Definition
167(1)
8.5.3 Classification
167(1)
8.5.4 Descriptive Criteria
167(1)
8.6 Nodules
168(6)
8.6.1 Introduction
168(1)
8.6.2 Definition
169(1)
8.6.3 Classification
169(1)
8.6.3.1 Internal Fabric
169(3)
8.6.3.2 External Morphology
172(2)
8.6.4 Descriptive Criteria
174(1)
8.7 Intercalations
174(2)
8.7.1 Introduction
174(1)
8.7.2 Definition
174(2)
8.7.3 Classification
176(1)
8.7.4 Descriptive Criteria
176(1)
8.8 Excrements
176(6)
8.8.1 Introduction
176(1)
8.8.2 Descriptive Criteria for Excrements of the Mesofauna
177(1)
8.8.2.1 Shape
177(1)
8.8.2.2 Aging
178(1)
8.8.2.3 Other Criteria
179(3)
8.8.3 Descriptive Criteria for Excrements of Larger Animals
182(1)
8.9 Compound Pedofeatures
182(1)
8.10 Complex Pedofeatures
183(2)
8.11 Fragmented, Dissolved and Deformed Pedofeatures
185(4)
9 Making and Presenting Thin Section Description
189(12)
9.1 Introduction
189(1)
9.2 Observation
190(1)
9.3 Artifacts
191(1)
9.4 Description
191(6)
9.4.1 How to Start?
191(4)
9.4.2 Possible Description Schemes
195(1)
9.4.3 Examples
196(1)
9.5 Presentation of Data
197(4)
10 References
201(24)
Appendix: Materials, Light, and the Petrographic Microscope 225(8)
Subject Index 233