| Acknowledgments |
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xi | |
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xiii | |
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xvii | |
| Abbreviations and Acronyms |
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xix | |
| Glossary |
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xxi | |
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Part I -- Hazard Evaluation Procedures |
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3 | (8) |
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11 | (4) |
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Introduction to the Guidelines |
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15 | (20) |
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16 | (1) |
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Relationship of Hazard Evaluation to Risk Management Strategies |
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17 | (1) |
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Anatomy of a Process Incident |
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18 | (5) |
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23 | (6) |
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Hazard Evaluation Throughout a Plant Lifetime |
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29 | (1) |
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Hazard Evaluation and Regulations |
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29 | (1) |
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Limitations of Hazard Evaluation |
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30 | (5) |
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Preparation for Hazard Evaluations |
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35 | (16) |
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35 | (1) |
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36 | (2) |
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Developing the Review Scope and Boundaries |
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38 | (1) |
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38 | (3) |
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41 | (1) |
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42 | (3) |
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45 | (2) |
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Initial Team Review Meeting |
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47 | (4) |
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Hazard Identification Methods |
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51 | (20) |
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Analyzing Material Properties and Process Conditions |
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51 | (3) |
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54 | (1) |
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Developing Interaction Matrixes |
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55 | (3) |
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Hazard Identification Results |
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58 | (1) |
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Using Hazard Evaluation Techniques to Identify Hazards |
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59 | (1) |
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Initial Assessment of Worst-Case Consequences |
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60 | (2) |
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Hazard Reduction Approaches and Inherent Safety Reviews |
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62 | (9) |
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Non-Scenario-Based Hazard Evaluation Procedures |
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71 | (28) |
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Preliminary Hazard Analysis |
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73 | (6) |
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79 | (5) |
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84 | (9) |
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93 | (6) |
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Scenario-Based Hazard Evaluation Procedures |
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99 | (76) |
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100 | (7) |
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What-lf/Checklist Analysis |
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107 | (8) |
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Hazard and Operability Studies |
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115 | (19) |
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Failure Modes and Effects Analysis |
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134 | (8) |
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142 | (16) |
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158 | (9) |
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Cause-Consequence Analysis and Bow-Tie Analysis |
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167 | (6) |
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173 | (2) |
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Selection of Hazard Evaluation Techniques |
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175 | (36) |
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Factors Influencing the Selection of Hazard Evaluation Techniques |
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176 | (10) |
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Decision-Making Process for Selecting Hazard Evaluation Techniques |
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186 | (1) |
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Example Using the Proposed Selection Criteria |
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186 | (8) |
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Hazard Reviews for Management of Changes |
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194 | (3) |
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197 | (1) |
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Hazard Evaluation at Different Plant Lifetime Stages |
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198 | (6) |
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Integrating Occupational Safety, Environment, Reliability, Maintainability, Quality, and Security into Hazard Evaluations |
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204 | (7) |
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Risk-Based Determination of the Adequacy of Safeguards |
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211 | (22) |
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Scenarios from Scenario-Based Hazard Evaluations |
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212 | (1) |
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213 | (4) |
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Frequency of Initiating Causes |
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217 | (1) |
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Effectiveness of Safeguards |
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218 | (2) |
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Risk Estimation using Risk Matrix or Direct Calculation |
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220 | (3) |
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Layer of Protection Analysis |
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223 | (10) |
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Analysis Follow-Up Considerations |
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233 | (24) |
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Development of Recommendations |
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233 | (2) |
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Prioritization of Hazard Evaluation Results |
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235 | (10) |
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Documentation of Hazard Evaluations |
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245 | (4) |
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Development of a Management Response to a Hazard Evaluation |
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249 | (2) |
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Resolution of Action Items |
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251 | (2) |
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Communication of Special Findings/Sharing of Information |
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253 | (1) |
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Use of Hazard Evaluation Results over the Plant Lifetime |
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254 | (3) |
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Extensions and Special Applications |
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257 | (44) |
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Hazard Evaluation of Procedure-Based Operations |
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257 | (11) |
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Hazard Evaluation of Processes Controlled by Programmable Systems |
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268 | (4) |
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Hazard Evaluation of Chemical Reactivity Hazards |
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272 | (2) |
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274 | (2) |
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Human Factors and Human Reliability Analysis |
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276 | (12) |
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288 | (9) |
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Part II -- Worked Examples and Appendices |
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Preface to the Worked Examples |
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297 | (2) |
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Management Overview of the Worked Examples |
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299 | (2) |
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Introduction to the Worked Examples |
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301 | (4) |
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301 | (1) |
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302 | (1) |
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How to Use the Worked Examples |
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303 | (2) |
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Description of the Example Facility and Process |
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305 | (4) |
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Company and Facility Background |
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305 | (1) |
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306 | (1) |
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Description of the Process Lifetime |
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306 | (3) |
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Hazard Identification for the Example Process |
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309 | (6) |
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Analysis of Material Properties |
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309 | (1) |
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310 | (1) |
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311 | (1) |
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Hazard Evaluation Techniques Used for Hazard Identification |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (2) |
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Research and Development -- What-lf Analysis |
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315 | (12) |
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Conceptual Design -- Preliminary Hazard Analysis |
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327 | (12) |
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Pilot Plant Operation -- HAZOP Study |
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339 | (26) |
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Detailed Engineering -- Fault Tree and Event Tree Analysis |
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365 | (14) |
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Construction/Start-up -- Checklist Analysis and Safety Review |
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379 | (10) |
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Routine Operation -- Safety Review for Management of Change |
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389 | (6) |
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Routine Operation -- HAZOP Study for Cyclic Review |
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395 | (14) |
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Plant Expansion -- Relative Ranking and HAZOP for a Batch Process |
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409 | (26) |
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Incident Investigation -- FMEA and HRA |
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435 | (16) |
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Decommissioning -- What-lf/Checklist Analysis |
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451 | (84) |
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Appendix A -- Additional Checklists and Forms |
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462 | (15) |
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Appendix B -- Supplemental Questions for Hazard Identification |
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477 | (42) |
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Appendix C -- Symbols and Abbreviations for Example Problem Drawings |
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519 | (2) |
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Appendix D -- Software Aids |
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521 | (2) |
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Appendix E -- Chemical Compatibility Chart |
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523 | (6) |
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Appendix F -- Organizations Offering Process Safety Enhancement Resources |
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529 | (6) |
| Selected Bibliography |
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535 | (2) |
| Index |
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537 | |
