Contributors |
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xi | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
Acknowledgments |
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xix | |
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1 | (4) |
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1 The History of Local Anesthesia |
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3 | (2) |
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PART 2 Foundations of Local and Regional Anesthesia |
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5 | (1) |
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SECTION 1 ANATOMY AND HISTOLOGY OF PERIPHERAL NERVOUS SYSTEM AND NEURAXIS |
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5 | (16) |
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2 Functional Regional Anesthesia Anatomy |
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7 | (4) |
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3 Histology of the Peripheral Nerves and Light Microscopy |
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11 | (4) |
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4 Connective Tissues of Peripheral Nerves |
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15 | (2) |
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5 Ultrastructural Anatomy of the Spinal Meninges and Related Structures |
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17 | (4) |
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21 | (20) |
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6 Clinical Pharmacology of Local Anesthetics |
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23 | (4) |
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7 Controlled-Release Local Anesthetics |
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27 | (4) |
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8 Analgesic Adjuvants in the Peripheral Nervous System |
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31 | (4) |
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9 Local Anesthetic Mixtures for Peripheral Nerve Blocks |
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35 | (2) |
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10 Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks: Local Anesthetic Solutions and Infusion Strategies |
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37 | (4) |
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SECTION 3 EQUIPMENT FOR PERIPHERAL NERVE BLOCKS |
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41 | (16) |
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11 Equipment for Regional Anesthesia |
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43 | (6) |
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12 Equipment for Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks |
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49 | (4) |
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13 Electrical Nerve Stimulators and Localization of Peripheral Nerves |
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53 | (4) |
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SECTION 4 PATIENT MANAGEMENT CONSIDERATIONS |
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57 | (18) |
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14 Developing Regional Anesthesia Pathways |
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59 | (4) |
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15 Infection Control in Regional Anesthesia |
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63 | (2) |
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16 Local Anesthetics, Regional Anesthesia, and Cancer Recurrence |
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65 | (6) |
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17 Perioperative Regional Anesthesia and Analgesia: Effects on Cancer Recurrence and Survival After Oncological Surgery |
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71 | (4) |
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PART 3 Clinical Practice of Regional Anesthesia |
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75 | (1) |
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PART 3A Local and Infiltrational Anesthesia |
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75 | (10) |
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18 Intraarticular and Periarticular Infiltration of Local Anesthetics |
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77 | (4) |
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19 Regional and Topical Anesthesia for Awake Endotracheal Intubation |
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81 | (4) |
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PART 3B Intravenous Regional Block for Upper and Lower Extremity |
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85 | (6) |
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20 Intravenous Regional Block for Upper and Lower Extremity Surgery |
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87 | (4) |
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PART 3C Neuraxial Anesthesia |
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91 | (16) |
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SECTION 1 SPINAL ANESTHESIA |
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91 | (2) |
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21 Neuraxial Anatomy (Anatomy Relevant to Neuraxial Anesthesia) |
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93 | (6) |
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99 | (4) |
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22A Mechanisms and Management of Failed Spinal Anesthesia |
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103 | (4) |
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SECTION 2 EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA |
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107 | (14) |
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23 Epidural Anesthesia and Analgesia |
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109 | (12) |
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SECTION 3 CAUDAL ANESTHESIA |
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121 | (6) |
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123 | (4) |
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SECTION 4 COMBINED SPINAL AND EPIDURAL ANESTHESIA |
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127 | (8) |
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25 Combined Spinal-Epidural Anesthesia |
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129 | (6) |
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SECTION 5 POSTDURAL PUNCTURE HEADACHE |
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135 | (6) |
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26 Postdural Puncture Headache |
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137 | (4) |
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PART 3D Ultrasound-Guided Nerve Blocks |
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141 | (1) |
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SECTION 1 FUNDAMENTALS OF ULTRASOUND-GUIDED REGIONAL ANESTHESIA |
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141 | (14) |
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143 | (4) |
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28 Optimizing an Ultrasound Image |
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147 | (4) |
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29 Introduction to Ultrasound-Guided Regional Anesthesia |
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151 | (4) |
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SECTION 2 ULTRASOUND-GUIDED HEAD AND NECK NERVE BLOCKS |
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155 | (6) |
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30 Nerve Blocks of the Face |
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157 | (4) |
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SECTION 3 ULTRASOUND-GUIDED NERVE BLOCKS FOR THE UPPER EXTREMITY |
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161 | (26) |
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31A Ultrasound-Guided Cervical Plexus Block |
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163 | (4) |
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31B Ultrasound-Guided Interscalene Brachial Plexus Block |
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167 | (2) |
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31C Ultrasound-Guided Supraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block |
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169 | (4) |
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31D Ultrasound-Guided Infraclavicular Brachial Plexus Block |
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173 | (4) |
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31E Ultrasound-Guided Axillary Brachial Plexus Block |
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177 | (4) |
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31F Ultrasound-Guided Blocks at the Elbow |
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181 | (4) |
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31G Ultrasound-Guided Wrist Block |
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185 | (2) |
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SECTION 4 ULTRASOUND-GUIDED NERVE BLOCKS FOR THE LOWER EXTREMITY |
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187 | (30) |
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32A Ultrasound-Guided Femoral Nerve Block |
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189 | (6) |
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32B Ultrasound-Guided Fascia Iliaca Block |
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195 | (6) |
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32C Ultrasound-Guided Lateral Femoral Cutaneous Nerve Block |
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201 | (2) |
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32D Ultrasound-Guided Obturator Nerve Block |
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203 | (2) |
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32E Ultrasound-Guided Saphenous (Subsartorius/Adductor Canal) Nerve Block |
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205 | (2) |
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32F Ultrasound-Guided Sciatic Nerve Block |
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207 | (6) |
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32G Ultrasound-Guided Popliteal Sciatic Block |
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213 | (2) |
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32H Ultrasound-Guided Ankle Block |
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215 | (2) |
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SECTION 5 ULTRASOUND-GUIDED NERVE BLOCKS FOR ABDOMINAL AND THORACIC WALL |
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217 | (14) |
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33 Ultrasound-Guided Transversus Abdominis Plane and Quadratus Lumborum Blocks |
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219 | (6) |
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34 Pectoralis and Serratus Plane Blocks |
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225 | (6) |
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PART 3E Local and Regional Anesthesia for Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery |
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231 | (6) |
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35 Oral and Maxillofacial Regional Anesthesia |
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233 | (4) |
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PART 3F Local and Regional Anesthesia for the Eye |
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237 | (6) |
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36 Local and Regional Anesthesia for Ophthalmic Surgery |
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239 | (4) |
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PART 4 Ultrasound Imaging of Neuraxial and Perivertebral Space |
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243 | (18) |
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37 Sonography of the Lumbar Paravertebral Space and Considerations for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Plexus Block |
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245 | (4) |
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38 Lumbar Paravertebral Sonography and Considerations for Ultrasound-Guided Lumbar Plexus Block |
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249 | (6) |
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39 Spinal Sonography and Applications of Ultrasound for Central Neuraxial Blocks |
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255 | (6) |
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PART 5 Obstetric Anesthesia |
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261 | (10) |
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40 Obstetric Regional Anesthesia |
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263 | (8) |
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PART 6 Pediatric Anesthesia |
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271 | (16) |
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41 Regional Anesthesia in Pediatric Patients: General Considerations |
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273 | (4) |
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42 Pediatric Epidural and Spinal Anesthesia and Analgesia |
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277 | (6) |
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43 Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Children |
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283 | (2) |
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44 Acute and Chronic Pain Management in Children |
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285 | (2) |
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PART 7 Anesthesia in Patients with Specific Considerations |
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287 | (54) |
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45 Perioperative Regional Anesthesia in the Elderly |
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289 | (6) |
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46 Regional Anesthesia and Cardiovascular Disease |
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295 | (4) |
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47 Regional Anesthesia and Systemic Disease |
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299 | (4) |
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48 Regional Anesthesia in the Patient with Preexisting Neurologic Disease |
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303 | (4) |
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49 Acute Compartment Syndrome of the Limb: Implications for Regional Anesthesia |
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307 | (2) |
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50 Peripheral Nerve Blocks for Outpatient Surgery |
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309 | (4) |
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51 Neuraxial Anesthesia and Peripheral Nerve Blocks in Patients on Anticoagulants |
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313 | (4) |
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52 Regional Analgesia in the Critically Ill |
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317 | (2) |
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53 Acute Pain Management in the Opioid-Dependent Patient |
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319 | (6) |
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54 Regional Anesthesia in Patients with Trauma |
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325 | (4) |
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55 Regional Anesthesia for Cardiac and Thoracic Anesthesia |
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329 | (4) |
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56 Regional Anesthesia in Austere Environment Medicine |
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333 | (4) |
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57 Anesthesia for Humanitarian Relief Operations |
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337 | (4) |
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PART 8 Regional Anesthesia in the Emergency Department |
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341 | (6) |
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58 Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Management in the Emergency Department |
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343 | (4) |
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PART 9 Complications of Local and Regional Anesthesia |
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347 | (24) |
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59 Complications and Prevention of Neurologic Injury with Peripheral Nerve Blocks |
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349 | (6) |
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60 Assessment of Neurologic Complications of Regional Anesthesia |
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355 | (4) |
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61 Perioperative Nerve Injury Unrelated to Nerve Blockade |
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359 | (4) |
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62 Monitoring, Documentation, and Consent for Regional Anesthesia Procedures |
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363 | (4) |
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63 Diagnosis and Management of Spinal and Peripheral Nerve Hematoma |
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367 | (4) |
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PART 10 LAST: Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity |
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371 | (6) |
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64 Local Anesthetic Systemic Toxicity |
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373 | (4) |
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PART 11 Perioperative Outcome and Economics of Regional Anesthesia |
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377 | (8) |
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65 Regional Anesthesia, Cost, Operating Room, and Personnel Management |
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379 | (2) |
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66 Regional Anesthesia and Perioperative Outcome |
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381 | (2) |
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67 The Effects of Regional Anesthesia on Functional Outcome After Surgery |
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383 | (2) |
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PART 13 Acute Pain Management |
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385 | (16) |
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68 Intravenous Patient-Controlled Analgesia |
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387 | (2) |
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69 Continuous Peripheral Nerve Blocks |
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389 | (2) |
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70 Organization of an Acute Pain Management Service Incorporating Regional Anesthesia Techniques |
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391 | (2) |
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71 Multimodal Analgesia: Pharmacologic Interventions and Prevention of Persistent Postoperative Pain |
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393 | (4) |
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72 The Role of Nonopioid Analgesic Infusions in the Management of Postoperative Pain |
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397 | (4) |
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PART 13 Education in Regional Anesthesia |
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401 | (6) |
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73 Teaching Regional Anesthesia |
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403 | (4) |
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PART 14 Statistics and Principles of Research Design in Regional Anesthesia and Acute Pain Medicine |
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407 | (6) |
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74 Principles of Statistical Methods for Research in Regional Anesthesia |
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409 | (4) |
Index |
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413 | |