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Handbook of Conceptual Modeling: Theory, Practice, and Research Challenges 2011 [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 589 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 1075 g, XIX, 589 p., 1 Hardback
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Mar-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3642158641
  • ISBN-13: 9783642158643
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 589 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 1075 g, XIX, 589 p., 1 Hardback
  • Izdošanas datums: 15-Mar-2011
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3642158641
  • ISBN-13: 9783642158643
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Conceptual modeling is about describing the semantics of software applications at a high level of abstraction in terms of structure, behavior, and user interaction.

Embley and Thalheim start with a manifesto stating that the dream of developing information systems strictly by conceptual modeling as expressed in the phrase the model is the code is becoming reality. The subsequent contributions written by leading researchers in the field support the manifesto's assertions, showing not only how to abstractly model complex information systems but also how to formalize abstract specifications in ways that let developers complete programming tasks within the conceptual model itself. They are grouped into sections on programming with conceptual models, structure modeling, process modeling, user interface modeling, and special challenge areas such as conceptual geometric modeling, information integration, and biological conceptual modeling.

The Handbook of Conceptual Modeling collects in a single volume many of the best conceptual-modeling ideas, techniques, and practices as well as the challenges that drive research in the field. Thus it is much more than a traditional handbook for advanced professionals, as it also provides both a firm foundation for the field of conceptual modeling, and points researchers and graduate students towards interesting challenges and paths for how to contribute to this fundamental field of computer science.
Part I Programming with Conceptual Models
1 Conceptual-Model Programming: A Manifesto
3(14)
David W. Embley
Stephen W. Liddle
Oscar Pastor
1.1 Preamble
3(1)
1.2 CMP Articles
4(1)
1.3 Exposition
4(13)
1.3.1 Executable Conceptual Models
4(6)
1.3.2 Conceptual Modeling and CMP
10(3)
Appendage
13(2)
References
15(2)
2 Model-Driven Software Development
17(40)
Stephen W. Liddle
2.1 Introduction
17(1)
2.2 Overview of Model-Driven Approaches
18(3)
2.3 Modeling
21(2)
2.4 Software Modeling
23(2)
2.5 OSM: Making Conceptual Models Formal and Executable
25(4)
2.6 Model-Driven Architecture (MDA)
29(8)
2.6.1 MDA Overview
30(2)
2.6.2 An MDA Manifesto
32(2)
2.6.3 Executable UML
34(2)
2.6.4 MDA Readings
36(1)
2.7 OO-Method
37(3)
2.8 Model-Driven Web Engineering (MDWE)
40(3)
2.9 Agile MDD
43(2)
2.10 Conclusions
45(12)
References
47(10)
Part II Structure Modelling
3 Entity-Relationship Model (Reprinted Historic Data)
57(28)
Peter P.-S. Chen
3.1 Introduction
57(1)
3.2 The Entity-Relationship Model
58(9)
3.2.1 Multilevel Views of Data
58(1)
3.2.2 Information Concerning Entities and Relationships (Level I)
58(4)
3.2.3 Information Structure (Level 2)
62(5)
3.3 Entity-Relationship Diagram and Inclusion of Semantics in Data Description and Manipulation
67(6)
3.3.1 System Analysis Using the Entity-Relationship Diagram
67(1)
3.3.2 An Example of a Database Design and Description
68(2)
3.3.3 Implications on Data Intergrity
70(1)
3.3.4 Semantics and Set Operations of Information Retrieval Requests
71(2)
3.3.5 Semantics and Rules for Insertion, Deletion, and Updating
73(1)
3.4 Analysis of Other Data Models and Their Derivation from the Entity-Relationship Model
73(12)
3.4.1 The Relational Model
73(4)
3.4.2 The Network Model
77(3)
3.4.3 The Entity Set Model
80(3)
References
83(2)
4 UML and OCL in Conceptual Modeling
85(38)
Martin Gogolla
4.1 Introduction
85(1)
4.2 Basic Conceptual Modeling Features in UML
86(9)
4.2.1 Class and Object Diagrams
86(3)
4.2.2 Object Constraint Language
89(6)
4.3 Advanced Conceptual Schema Elements in UML
95(9)
4.3.1 Class Diagram Features for Conceptual Schemas
96(6)
4.3.2 Representation of Standard ER Modeling Concepts
102(2)
4.4 Employing OCL for Conceptual Schemas
104(5)
4.4.1 Standard ER Concepts Expressed with OCL
104(1)
4.4.2 Constraints and Stereotypes
105(3)
4.4.3 Queries
108(1)
4.5 Describing Relational Schemas with UML
109(2)
4.5.1 Relational Schemas
109(1)
4.5.2 Constraints for Primary and Foreign Keys
110(1)
4.6 Metamodeling Data Models with UML
111(7)
4.6.1 Class Diagram
111(4)
4.6.2 Object Diagrams
115(1)
4.6.3 Constraints
116(2)
4.7 Further Related Work
118(1)
4.8 Conclusions
119(4)
Appendix A Original ER Diagram from Chen's Paper
120(1)
References
121(2)
5 Mapping Conceptual Models to Database Schemas
123(42)
David W. Embley
Wai Yin Mok
5.1 Introduction
123(1)
5.2 Entity-Relationship Model Mappings
124(11)
5.2.1 Basic Mappings
124(5)
5.2.2 Complex Key Attributes
129(2)
5.2.3 Recursive Relationship Sets and Roles
131(2)
5.2.4 Weak Entity Sets
133(2)
5.3 Extended Entity-Relationship Model Mappings
135(10)
5.3.1 ISA Mappings
135(4)
5.3.2 Mappings for Complex Attributes
139(3)
5.3.3 Mappings for Mandatory/Optional Participation
142(3)
5.4 UML Mappings
145(4)
5.5 Normal-Form Guarantees
149(8)
5.5.1 Map - Then Normalize
151(1)
5.5.2 Normalize - Then Map
152(5)
5.6 Mappings for Object-Based and XML Databases
157(5)
5.7 Additional Readings
162(3)
References
163(2)
6 The Enhanced Entity-Relationship Model
165(44)
Bernhard Thalheim
6.1 Database Design
165(6)
6.1.1 Database Design and Development
165(2)
6.1.2 Implicit Assumptions and Inherent Constraints of Database Specification Languages
167(1)
6.1.3 Storage and Representation Alternatives
168(2)
6.1.4 The Higher-Order Entity-Relationship Model
170(1)
6.2 Syntax of EER Models
171(22)
6.2.1 Structuring Specification
171(11)
6.2.2 Functionality Specification
182(6)
6.2.3 Views in the Enhanced Entity-Relationship Models
188(2)
6.2.4 Advanced Views and OLAP Cubes
190(3)
6.3 Semantics of EER Models
193(10)
6.3.1 Semantics of Structuring
193(8)
6.3.2 Semantics of Functionality
201(2)
6.4 Problems with Modelling and Constraint Specification
203(6)
References
205(4)
Part III Process Modelling
7 Object-Process Methodology for Structure-Behavior Codesign
209(50)
Dov Dori
7.1 The Cognitive Assumptions and OPM's Design
209(7)
7.1.1 Mayer's Three Cognitive Assumptions
210(1)
7.1.2 Meeting the Verbal-Visual Challenge
211(1)
7.1.3 Dual-Channel Processing and the Bimodality of OPM
211(3)
7.1.4 Limited Capacity and the Refinement Mechanisms of OPM
214(1)
7.1.5 Active Processing and the Animated Simulation of OPM
215(1)
7.2 Function, Structure, and Behavior: The Three Major System Aspects
216(4)
7.2.1 Function vs. Behavior
218(1)
7.2.2 Ontology
219(1)
7.3 The OPM Ontology
220(2)
7.3.1 Entities: Objects, Processes, and Object States
221(1)
7.4 Existence, Things, and Transformations
222(4)
7.4.1 Physical and Informatical Objects
222(1)
7.4.2 Object Defined
223(1)
7.4.3 Process as a Transformation Metaphor
223(1)
7.4.4 Process Defined
224(1)
7.4.5 Cause and Effect
225(1)
7.5 Syntax vs. Semantics
226(1)
7.5.1 Objects to Semantics Is Like Nouns to Syntax
226(1)
7.5.2 Syntactic vs. Semantic Sentence Analysis
227(1)
7.6 The Process Test
227(8)
7.6.1 The Preprocess Object Set and Object Involvement
228(1)
7.6.2 The Postprocess Object Set and Object Transformation
228(1)
7.6.3 Association with Time
229(1)
7.6.4 Association with Verb
230(1)
7.6.5 Boundary Cases of Objects and Processes
230(2)
7.6.6 Thing Defined
232(1)
7.6.7 States
233(1)
7.6.8 Things and States Are Entities, Entities and Links are Elements
234(1)
7.7 A Reflective Metamodel of OPM Elements
235(3)
7.7.1 An Initial OPM Reflective Metamodel
235(1)
7.7.2 The OPM Graphics-Text Equivalence Principle
236(1)
7.7.3 The Five Basic Thing Attributes
236(2)
7.8 OPM Links
238(2)
7.8.1 Structural Links
238(2)
7.8.2 Procedural Links
240(1)
7.9 OPM Structure Modeling
240(5)
7.9.1 Aggregation-Participation
242(1)
7.9.2 Generalization-Specialization
243(1)
7.9.3 Exhibition-Characterization
244(1)
7.9.4 Classification-Instantiation
244(1)
7.10 OPM Behavior Modeling
245(6)
7.10.1 Enabling Links
245(2)
7.10.2 Transforming Links
247(2)
7.10.3 Control Links
249(2)
7.11 Complexity Management
251(4)
7.11.1 The Need for Complexity Management
252(1)
7.11.2 Middle-Out as the De Facto Architecting Practice
253(2)
7.11.3 The Completeness-Comprehension Dilemma
255(1)
7.12 Applications and Standardization of OPM
255(4)
References
256(3)
8 Business Process Modeling and Workflow Design
259(28)
Horst Pichler
Johann Eder
8.1 Introduction
259(3)
8.1.1 Business Process Modeling and Workflow Design
260(1)
8.1.2 Business Process Modeling Versus Workflow Design
260(1)
8.1.3 Workflow Characteristics
261(1)
8.2 An Overview of Process Modeling
262(4)
8.2.1 Process Perspectives
262(2)
8.2.2 Process Modeling Techniques
264(1)
8.2.3 Standardization Efforts
265(1)
8.3 Modeling Process Perspective
266(8)
8.3.1 Control Flow Perspective
266(2)
8.3.2 Organizational Perspective
268(3)
8.3.3 Data Perspective
271(3)
8.4 Detection and Avoidance of Control Flow Errors
274(4)
8.4.1 Control Flow Errors
274(1)
8.4.2 Blocked Structures
275(1)
8.4.3 Sound Processes
276(2)
8.5 Process Views
278(2)
8.5.1 Process Graph
279(1)
8.5.2 Correctness of Process Views
279(1)
8.5.3 Generation of Process Views by Activity Elimination
279(1)
8.6 Timed Processes
280(4)
8.6.1 Modeling the Temporal Perspective
281(1)
8.6.2 Timed Graph
282(2)
8.7 Conclusions
284(3)
References
285(2)
9 BPMN Core Modeling Concepts: Inheritance-Based Execution Semantics
287(48)
Egon Borger
Ove Sorensen
9.1 Introduction
287(2)
9.2 Structure of the Class Hierarchy of BPMN 2.0
289(3)
9.2.1 Message Flow
289(1)
9.2.2 Diagram Structure (Sequence Flow)
289(2)
9.2.3 Flow Nodes
291(1)
9.3 Gateways
292(9)
9.3.1 Parallel Gateway (Fork and Join)
294(1)
9.3.2 Exclusive Gateway (Data-Based Exclusive Decision)
294(1)
9.3.3 Inclusive Gateway
295(1)
9.3.4 Event-Based Gateway (Event-Based Exclusive Decision)
296(3)
9.3.5 Complex Gateway
299(2)
9.4 Activities
301(11)
9.4.1 Tasks
303(2)
9.4.2 Subprocesses
305(4)
9.4.3 Call Activity
309(1)
9.4.4 Iterated (Loop) Activities
309(3)
9.5 Events
312(8)
9.5.1 Start Events
313(1)
9.5.2 End Events
314(2)
9.5.3 Intermediate Events
316(3)
9.5.4 Boundary Events
319(1)
9.6 An Example
320(2)
9.7 Conclusion
322(13)
Appendix
323(1)
9.7.1 Gateway Behavior
323(3)
9.7.2 Activity Behavior
326(3)
9.7.3 Event Behavior
329(3)
References
332(3)
Part IV User Interface Modelling
10 Conceptual Modelling of Interaction
335(24)
Nathalie Aquino
Jean Vanderdonckt
Jose Ignacio Panach
Oscar Pastor
10.1 Introduction
336(2)
10.2 Related Work
338(3)
10.3 The Presentation Model of OO-Method
341(6)
10.3.1 Elementary Patterns
342(1)
10.3.2 Interaction Units
343(3)
10.3.3 Hierarchical Action Tree
346(1)
10.4 Explicitly Distinguishing Abstract and Concrete Interaction Modeling in OO-Method
347(5)
10.4.1 Abstract Interaction Modeling
347(1)
10.4.2 Concrete Interaction Modeling: Transformation Templates
347(5)
10.5 Conclusion
352(7)
References
356(3)
11 Conceptual Modelling of Application Stories
359(22)
Antje Dusterhoft
Klaus-Dieter Schewe
11.1 Introduction
359(1)
11.2 The Conceptual Model of Storyboarding
360(7)
11.2.1 The Story board
361(4)
11.2.2 Plots
365(2)
11.3 Pragmatics of Storyboarding
367(5)
11.3.1 Life Cases
367(2)
11.3.2 User Modelling
369(2)
11.3.3 Contexts
371(1)
11.4 Analysis of Storyboards
372(3)
11.4.1 Customisation with Respect to Preferences
372(2)
11.4.2 Deontic Consistency
374(1)
11.5 Bibliographic Remarks
375(6)
References
376(5)
Part V Special Challenge Area
12 Evolution and Migration of Information Systems
381(40)
Meike Klettke
Bernhard Thalheim
12.1 Introduction
382(2)
12.1.1 Information System Modernisation
382(1)
12.1.2 Models for Information Systems
382(2)
12.2 Overview of System Modernisations
384(4)
12.2.1 Fundamental Terms
384(1)
12.2.2 Migration, Evolution, and Legacy
385(1)
12.2.3 Evolving Information Systems
386(2)
12.3 Foundations of Evolution and Migration Transformations
388(10)
12.3.1 Specification of Information System Models
388(3)
12.3.2 Model Construction and Combination
391(2)
12.3.3 Evolving Information Systems
393(2)
12.3.4 Properties of Evolving Information Systems
395(3)
12.4 Strategies for Migration
398(11)
12.4.1 Big Bang
399(3)
12.4.2 Chicken Little
402(3)
12.4.3 Butterfly
405(4)
12.5 Evolution
409(8)
12.5.1 Evolution on a Small Scale
409(3)
12.5.2 Wrapper-Based Evolution
412(3)
12.5.3 Refinement of the Information System Model
415(2)
12.6 Related Work
417(4)
References
417(4)
13 Conceptual Geometric Modelling
421(20)
Hui Ma
Klaus-Dieter Schewe
13.1 Introduction
421(3)
13.2 Spatial Data Models
424(2)
13.3 Geometrically Enhanced ER Model (GERM)
426(3)
13.3.1 Data Types and Nested Attributes
426(1)
13.3.2 Entity and Relationship Types
427(2)
13.3.3 Schemata and Instances
429(1)
13.4 Geometric Types and Algebraic Varieties
429(5)
13.4.1 Natural Modelling Algebra
431(1)
13.4.2 Computing with Polyhedra and Surface Representations
432(2)
13.4.3 The Choice of the Natural Modelling Function
434(1)
13.5 Key Application Area GIS
434(4)
13.6 Conclusion
438(3)
References
439(2)
14 Data Integration
441(36)
Sonia Bergamaschi
14.1 Outcomes and Challenges in Data Integration
441(15)
14.1.1 Mediator-Based Systems
445(11)
14.2 The MOMIS Integration Framework
456(16)
14.2.1 The MOMIS Integration System
456(1)
14.2.2 Global Schema Generation
457(3)
14.2.3 Global Schema Refinement
460(6)
14.2.4 Querying the MOMIS System
466(5)
14.2.5 New Trends in the MOMIS System
471(1)
14.3 Conclusions
472(5)
References
472(5)
15 Conceptual Modeling Foundations for a Web of Knowledge
477(40)
David W. Embley
Stephen W. Liddle
Deryle W. Lonsdale
15.1 Introduction
477(2)
15.2 WoK Conceptualization
479(5)
15.3 WoK Formalization
484(4)
15.4 WoK Construction
488(14)
15.4.1 Construction via XML Reverse Engineering
489(1)
15.4.2 Construction via Nested Table Interpretation
490(3)
15.4.3 Construction via Semantic Integration
493(8)
15.4.4 Construction via Form Filling
501(1)
15.5 WoK Usage
502(9)
15.5.1 Free-Form Query Processing
503(2)
15.5.2 Grounded Reasoning Chains
505(3)
15.5.3 Knowledge Bundles for Research Studies
508(3)
15.6 Conclusion
511(6)
References
513(4)
16 A Conceptual Modeling Approach to Improve Human Genome Understanding
517(26)
Oscar Pastor
16.1 Introduction
517(2)
16.2 Why a Conceptual Model for the Human Genome?
519(2)
16.3 Models: Explaining the Domain
521(6)
16.4 Existing Modeling/Ontology-Based Approaches
527(3)
16.5 Results of Conceptual Modeling
530(7)
16.6 Problem Statement and Conclusions
537(6)
References
538(5)
17 The Theory of Conceptual Models, the Theory of Conceptual Modelling and Foundations of Conceptual Modelling
543(36)
Bernhard Thalheim
17.1 Towards a Theory of Conceptual Models and Conceptual Modelling
543(12)
17.1.1 Artifacts, Concepts and Intentions
545(2)
17.1.2 Dimensions of Models and Modelling
547(5)
17.1.3 Postulates of Modelling
552(2)
17.1.4 Artifacts and Models
554(1)
17.2 The Theory of Conceptual Models
555(20)
17.2.1 Conceptual Models and Languages
555(7)
17.2.2 Concepts and Models
562(2)
17.2.3 Information Exchange of Stakeholders Based on Models
564(2)
17.2.4 Mappings Among Models and Originals
566(4)
17.2.5 Development Phases That Use Models
570(3)
17.2.6 Properties of the Models-Origin and the Models-Reflections Analogies
573(2)
17.3 Conclusion
575(4)
References
576(3)
Index 579