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Handbook of Ratings: Approaches to Ratings in the Economy, Sports, and Society 1st ed. 2016 [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 356 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 729 g, 12 Illustrations, color; 32 Illustrations, black and white; XVIII, 356 p. 44 illus., 12 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Aug-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319392603
  • ISBN-13: 9783319392608
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 356 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 729 g, 12 Illustrations, color; 32 Illustrations, black and white; XVIII, 356 p. 44 illus., 12 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Izdošanas datums: 18-Aug-2016
  • Izdevniecība: Springer International Publishing AG
  • ISBN-10: 3319392603
  • ISBN-13: 9783319392608
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This handbook presents a systematic overview of approaches to, diversity, and problems involved in interdisciplinary rating methodologies. Historically, the purpose of ratings is to achieve information transparency regarding a given body’s activities, whether in the field of finance, banking, or sports for example. This book focuses on commonly used rating methods in three important fields: finance, sports, and the social sector.

In the world of finance, investment decisions are largely shaped by how positively or negatively economies or financial instruments are rated. Ratings have thus become a basis of trust for investors. Similarly, sports evaluation and funding are largely based on core ratings. From local communities to groups of nations, public investment and funding are also dependent on how these bodies are continuously rated against expected performance targets. 

As such, ratings need to reflect the consensus of all stakeholders on selected aspects of the work and how to evaluate their success. The public should also have the opportunity to participate in this process. The authors examine current rating approaches from a variety of proposals that are closest to the public consensus, analyzing the rating models and summarizing the methods of their construction. This handbook offers a valuable reference guide for managers, analysts, economists, business informatics specialists, and researchers alike.

Recenzijas

The monograph presents a review of various rating methodologies in attempt of their unification in a combined framework of common criteria and approaches used in various fields of human interests. Most of the chapters present additional material on Russian systems of ratings. The monograph can be interesting to researchers and graduate students in various applied sciences requiring systematical ordering and prioritization of multiple items by numerous characteristics. (Stan Lipovetsky, Technometrics, Vol. 59 (3), July, 2017)

Part I General Approaches to Ratings
1 Ratings as Tools of Informational Transparency
3(24)
1.1 Evolution of the Understanding of Rating
3(8)
1.1.1 What Is Success and Successfulness?
3(2)
1.1.2 How Can Success Be Measured?
5(1)
1.1.3 So What Are Ratings?
6(1)
1.1.4 Rating Is Not Ranking
7(1)
1.1.5 Ratings and Indices
8(1)
1.1.6 Ratings and Expert Evaluation
9(1)
1.1.7 Expertise or Computability
9(2)
1.2 Ratings as a Special Type of Expertise
11(5)
1.2.1 Informational Uncertainty and the Problem of Selection
11(1)
1.2.2 Remote and Insider Ratings
12(1)
1.2.3 Key Classification Parameters
13(1)
1.2.4 What Is an Ordered Scale?
14(1)
1.2.5 Rating as a Result of Total Macrotournament
14(1)
1.2.6 Expansion of Use of Ratings
15(1)
1.3 Ratings Activity
16(7)
1.3.1 Rating Agencies: History Lesson
16(2)
1.3.2 Audience and Requirements to Ratings
18(1)
1.3.3 Methodological Peculiarities of the Present-Day Ratings
19(1)
1.3.4 Rating Agencies: Regulation of Activities
20(3)
1.4 The Main Regularity of a Rating
23(4)
Part II Ratings in the Economy and Business
2 Credit Ratings as A Financial Risk Measure
27(36)
2.1 Credit Ratings in the Market Economy
27(9)
2.1.1 Definition and Function of Credit Ratings
27(2)
2.1.2 Potential Users of Ratings
29(1)
2.1.3 Rating Process as a Business
30(3)
2.1.4 How Ratings Are Compiled and Published
33(3)
2.2 Methodology of Establishing Ratings
36(13)
2.2.1 Bases for Issuing Ratings
36(1)
2.2.2 Main Provisions of Methodology
37(3)
2.2.3 Model Describing an Economic Agent
40(3)
2.2.4 Technique for Assessing Financial Institutions Ratings
43(3)
2.2.5 Particular Features of Issuing Ratings to Industrial Companies
46(1)
2.2.6 Sovereign and Regional Ratings Methodologies
47(2)
2.3 Top Rating Agencies
49(14)
2.3.1 Moody's Investors Service Ratings
49(3)
2.3.2 Standard and Poor's Ratings
52(2)
2.3.3 Special Features of Ratings by Fitch Ratings Agency
54(1)
2.3.4 Rating Agencies' Research and Informational Products
54(1)
2.3.5 Foreign Rating Agencies in Russia
55(3)
2.3.6 Russian Rating Agencies
58(3)
Bibliography
61(2)
3 Modelling of Credit Ratings
63(44)
3.1 Specification of Internal and Model Ratings
63(4)
3.2 Bank Rating Models of the Top Rating Agencies
67(10)
3.2.1 Moody's Econometric Rating Models
67(4)
3.2.2 Comparative Analysis of Bank Ratings by Foreign Agencies
71(6)
3.3 Rating Models of Industrial Companies
77(5)
3.4 Analysis and Modeling of Sovereign Ratings
82(4)
3.5 Default Probability Models
86(13)
3.6 System of Ratings and Comparison of Rating Scales
99(8)
Bibliography
105(2)
4 Ratings for the Regulation of Financial Markets
107(20)
4.1 Regulation and Monitoring of Financial Markets
107(2)
4.2 Functions of Regulators and Megaregulation
109(1)
4.3 The Basel Agreement as a Methodology of Regulation
110(4)
4.4 New Problems of Supervisory Authorities: Contamination and Systemic Risks
114(3)
4.4.1 Special Features and Classification of Crises
114(2)
4.4.2 Liquidity Crisis of 2008
116(1)
4.5 Remote Monitoring as a Prudential Task
117(4)
4.5.1 Early Warning Systems
118(3)
4.6 Special Features of Megaregulations in Russia
121(6)
4.6.1 Forming a Set of Instruments of a Mega Regulator
123(1)
Bibliography
124(3)
5 Ratings of Quality and Management
127(28)
5.1 Business Competitiveness Ratings
127(1)
5.2 Ratings Designer
128(8)
5.2.1 The Principles of Development
128(2)
5.2.2 Methods for Assessing a Dynamic Rating
130(4)
5.2.3 Forming the Rating Scale for the Designer
134(2)
5.3 Rating System of the Construction Industry
136(6)
5.3.1 Methodological Features
136(2)
5.3.2 Remote Rating of Surveyors (Prospectors)
138(1)
5.3.3 Remote Rating of Industrial Designers
139(1)
5.3.4 Remote Rating of Builders
140(2)
5.4 Ratings of Quality of Commodities and Services
142(4)
5.4.1 Ratings of Hotels
143(1)
5.4.2 Ratings of Restaurants
143(1)
5.4.3 Ratings of Servicers
144(1)
5.4.4 Ratings of Stability and Quality of Factoring Companies
145(1)
5.5 Corporate Management Ratings
146(2)
5.6 Economic Indices
148(7)
5.6.1 Cargo-Index
148(1)
5.6.2 Condition (State) of the Banking System Index
149(1)
5.6.3 Rating Agency S&P' Indices
150(1)
5.6.4 Russian Trading System Indices: (RTS Indices)
151(1)
Bibliography
152(3)
Part III Ratings and Rankings in Sports
6 Problem of Rating in Sports and Its Possible Solutions
155(32)
6.1 Special Aspects of the Rating Problem in Sports
155(1)
6.2 Examples of Existing Classifications
156(8)
6.2.1 Rating Hockey Players
156(1)
6.2.2 Classification of the International European Go Federation (Go)
156(2)
6.2.3 Ratings of the Youth Association of Intellectual Games ("What? Where? When?", "Brain Ring")
158(1)
6.2.4 Rankings in Sailing
159(1)
6.2.5 Tennis: ATP Ranking
160(1)
6.2.6 Football: FIFA/Coca-Cola Ranking
161(3)
6.3 Contribution of Individual People to Studying the Rating and Ranking Problem
164(13)
6.3.1 A. Elo. The First Table of Factors
164(2)
6.3.2 R. Billingsley Rating in the US College Football
166(2)
6.3.3 M.E. Glickman. Glicko Rating System
168(1)
6.3.4 "Natural" Rating by E.L. Potyomkin
169(3)
6.3.5 L.E. Sadovskiy, A.L. Sadovskiy, O.L. Sadovskaya. Mathematical Aspects of Rating
172(3)
6.3.6 J. Sonas The Sonas Rating Formula---Better Than Elo?
175(2)
6.4 Regional Ratings of Football Development
177(10)
6.4.1 Rating Russia's Regions as per the Level of Football Development
179(2)
6.4.2 Ranking Countries as per the Level of Football Development
181(4)
Bibliography
185(2)
7 Evolution of Ideas About Rating and Ranking in Sports
187(14)
7.1 How Do Different Classifications Define the Concept of Rating?
187(3)
7.2 Correlation Between Expected and Actual Results as the Main Criterion of Quality of the Rating Model
190(1)
7.3 Development of Rating Classifications in Sports
191(6)
7.3.1 Rating as an Expert Group Judgement
192(1)
7.3.2 Information Mixture
192(1)
7.3.3 Bonus Rating Classifications
193(1)
7.3.4 Rating as a Result of the Formula for Success
194(1)
7.3.5 Consequent Recalculation of the Rating Towards the Greatest Balance
194(1)
7.3.6 Rating as a Result of a Participant of a Hypothetical Global Macrotournament
195(1)
7.3.7 Real Global Macrotournament
196(1)
7.4 Structural Contradictions of Modern Classifications
197(4)
7.4.1 Discussion on the Structural Features of Modern Classifications
197(1)
7.4.2 Paradoxes in Calculating the Rating
198(1)
Bibliography
199(2)
8 A Universal Solution to the Problem of Ratings and Rankings in Sports
201(26)
8.1 Concept of Rating in Sports and Principles of Forming the Rating Scale
201(7)
8.2 Practical Example of Using a Universal System
208(4)
8.2.1 Comparison of the UEFA Football Clubs' Rating and the Universal Solution
210(1)
8.2.2 Calculation of the Factor
211(1)
8.3 Accuracy of Predicting Universal Rating Assessment and Betting Assessment in Team Sports
212(7)
8.4 Is the Global Macroturnament Realisable?
219(8)
8.4.1 How Are the Competitions Conducted (Bullet Points)?
219(1)
8.4.2 Existing Systems of Competitions
220(1)
8.4.3 What Is It in Turning the Competitions into the Format of a Real Global Macrotournament?
221(1)
8.4.4 A Practical Example of Conducting a Global Macrotournament
221(2)
8.4.5 Advantages of Rating-Formula
223(1)
8.4.6 Is It Possible to Combine Men's, Women's and Children's Tournament Within This Formula?
224(1)
8.4.7 Discussion. Possible Problems
225(1)
Bibliography
226(1)
9 Management Based on the Universal Rating Model
227(38)
9.1 Secondary Rating Scales. Coach Assessment
228(7)
9.1.1 Coach Work Assessment
228(2)
9.1.2 Referees' Work Assessment
230(4)
9.1.3 Assessing the Feasibility of Buying a Player
234(1)
9.1.4 Comparison of the Team Preparation Methods
234(1)
9.1.5 Managing a Kind of Sports
235(1)
9.1.6 Managing the National Federation
235(1)
9.2 How Can a Team Player Be Assessed?
235(5)
9.2.1 Individual Competition in Team Sports Without Changing the Game Structure
235(2)
9.2.2 Distribution of Four by Four (Futsal)
237(2)
9.2.3 Monitoring of Players as per the Correlation Between Scored and Conceded Goals During Their Stay on Field
239(1)
9.3 Ratings of the Players as per the Game Components
240(7)
9.3.1 Lines of Action in the Playing Space
241(2)
9.3.2 Replacement of Technical and Tactical Actions with Technical and Technical Combats
243(4)
9.4 Analytical Support of Work of the Complex Scientific Groups Under the Russia National Teams
247(18)
9.4.1 Football (UEFA European Football Championship 2008)
247(3)
9.4.2 Ice Hockey (2008 IIHF World Championship)
250(5)
9.4.3 Basketball (2011)
255(2)
9.4.4 Minifootball (2014)
257(4)
Bibliography
261(4)
Part IV Ratings and Rankings in Public Life
10 Ratings and Rankings of Supranational Level
265(30)
10.1 Ratings and Rankings of General Development Level
265(14)
10.1.1 Human Development Index
265(2)
10.1.2 Worldwide Governance Indicator
267(2)
10.1.3 Quality-of-Life Index (Where-to-Be-Born Index)
269(1)
10.1.4 Legatum Prosperity Index
270(1)
10.1.5 Happy Planet Index
271(1)
10.1.6 Ranking of the World's Best Countries (Newsweek)
272(2)
10.1.7 Ranking the World Countries as per the Level of Happiness of the Population (the Earth Institute)
274(1)
10.1.8 Social Progress Index
275(2)
10.1.9 Discussion
277(1)
10.1.10 Conclusion
278(1)
10.2 Index of Economic Weil-Being
279(16)
10.2.1 Economic Freedom of the World
279(3)
10.2.2 Doing Business Report (World Bank, 2011)
282(2)
10.2.3 Doing Business Report (World Bank, 2015)
284(1)
10.2.4 List of the World Countries by Gross National Income per Capita
285(2)
10.2.5 Labour Productivity Index of the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)
287(1)
10.2.6 List of Countries Worldwide by Research and Development Spending
288(2)
10.2.7 Global Innovation Index
290(1)
10.2.8 Discussion
291(1)
10.2.9 Conclusion
292(1)
Bibliography
293(2)
11 Ratings and Rankings of National Level
295(48)
11.1 Ratings and Rankings in Health Care System
295(11)
11.1.1 List of World Countries by Health Expenditure
295(1)
11.1.2 List of World Countries as per the Most Efficient Health Care (Bloomberg)
296(1)
11.1.3 Ranking List of the World's Healthiest Countries (Bloomberg)
297(1)
11.1.4 List of World Countries by Child Mortality Rate
298(1)
11.1.5 Ranking the World Countries as per the Quality of Death Index (the Lien Foundation)
299(3)
11.1.6 Ranking the Countries as per the Global Age Watch Index
302(1)
11.1.7 The Most Stressed Out Countries in the World (Bloomberg)
303(1)
11.1.8 Discussion
304(1)
11.1.9 Conclusion
305(1)
11.2 Rankings in Higher Education
306(18)
11.2.1 Federal Agency for Education for Russian Universities
306(1)
11.2.2 Global Criterion
306(1)
11.2.3 Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities
307(1)
11.2.4 Gankings of the Best Universities in the World (QS World University Rankings)
307(2)
11.2.5 Rankings of the Best Universities in the World (Times Higher Education)
309(2)
11.2.6 Domestic Rankings of the Universities
311(2)
11.2.7 National Ranking of Russian Universities
313(1)
11.2.8 Global Index of Cognitive Skills and Educational Attainment
313(5)
11.2.9 The Knowledge Economy Index
318(2)
11.2.10 Discussion
320(2)
11.2.11 Conclusion
322(2)
11.3 Rankings and Ratings of Safety
324(9)
11.3.1 List of World Countries by Intentional Homicide Rate
324(1)
11.3.2 Fragile States Index (Formerly Failed States Index)
325(1)
11.3.3 Global Terrorism Index
326(1)
11.3.4 Global Food Security Index
327(1)
11.3.5 Corruption Perceptions Index
328(1)
11.3.6 Global Peace Index
329(2)
11.3.7 Discussion
331(1)
11.3.8 Conclusion
332(1)
11.4 Rankings of Freedom and Democracy
333(10)
11.4.1 List of World Countries as per the Democracy Index
333(1)
11.4.2 Ranking the World Countries as per the Level of Political and Civil Liberties (Freedom in the World Index)
334(2)
11.4.3 List of World Countries by Freedom of the Press (Freedom House)
336(2)
11.4.4 List of World Countries by Freedom on the Net
338(1)
11.4.5 Discussion
339(1)
11.4.6 Conclusion
340(1)
Bibliography
341(2)
12 Ratings and Rankings of Personal Level
343
12.1 Ratings and Rankings of Subjects
343(3)
12.1.1 Top 100 Best Non-governmental Organisations
343(1)
12.1.2 Newsweek's Top 100 Books
344(1)
12.1.3 PISA Ranking of School Education
345(1)
12.2 Science Citation Indices
346
12.2.1 Assessment Indicators
350(1)
12.2.2 Other Indices
350(1)
12.2.3 Discussion
351(1)
12.2.4 Conclusion
352(3)
Bibliography
355
Prof. Alexander Karminsky is a trained mathematician and Doctor of Economics. After 15 years in the banking sector, Dr. Karminsky is currently employed as Professor of Department of Finance at the National Research University Higher School of Economics, Moscow (HSE) and was Senior Research Fellow at the HSE International Laboratory of Quantitative Finance.  Prof. Karminsky is on the editorial board of several scientific journals in Russia and abroad. He is the author of 25+ books and 200+ articles on banking, risk management, econometrics as well as on  IT and controlling. Andrey Polozov holds a Doctor of Education from the Ural Federal University (Russia, Moscow) on the topic of "Information Management Model of competitive activity." Andrey Polozov is active in the economics of sports, forecasting results in team sports, and monitoring sporting achievements. He is also a Scientific Advisor to the complex scientific group Russian national futsal and football.