Contributors |
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xv | |
Preface |
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xvii | |
Introduction |
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xix | |
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Part One Fundamentals of small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs) |
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1 | (66) |
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1 Small modular reactors (SMRs) for producing nuclear energy: An introduction |
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3 | (26) |
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3 | (4) |
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1.2 Incentives and challenges for achieving commercial deployment success |
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7 | (3) |
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1.3 Overview of different types of SMRs |
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10 | (9) |
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1.4 Public health and safety |
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19 | (4) |
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1.5 The current status of SMRs |
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23 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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24 | (1) |
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1.8 Sources of further information and advice |
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24 | (5) |
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25 | (1) |
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26 | (3) |
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2 Small modular reactors (SMRs) for producing nuclear energy: International developments |
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29 | (22) |
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29 | (2) |
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2.2 Water-cooled reactors |
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31 | (7) |
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38 | (3) |
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2.4 Liquid metal-cooled reactors |
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41 | (3) |
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2.5 Molten-salt-cooled reactors |
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44 | (3) |
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47 | (2) |
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2.7 Sources of further information |
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49 | (2) |
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50 | (1) |
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3 Integral pressurized-water reactors (iPWRs) for producing nuclear energy: A new paradigm |
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51 | (16) |
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51 | (1) |
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3.2 The imperatives for nuclear power |
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52 | (2) |
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3.3 The integral pressurized-water reactor (iPWR) |
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54 | (2) |
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3.4 Addressing the safety imperative |
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56 | (5) |
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3.5 Satisfying the economic competitiveness imperative |
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61 | (2) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (1) |
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3.8 Sources of further information and advice |
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65 | (2) |
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65 | (2) |
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Part Two Small modular nuclear reactor (SMR) technologies |
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67 | (172) |
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4 Core and fuel technologies in integral pressurized water reactors (iPWRs) |
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69 | (26) |
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69 | (1) |
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4.2 Safety design criteria |
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70 | (5) |
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4.3 Design features to achieve the criteria |
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75 | (7) |
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4.4 Integral pressurized water reactor (iPWR) design specifics |
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82 | (9) |
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91 | (4) |
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93 | (2) |
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5 Key reactor system components in integral pressurized water reactors (iPWRs) |
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95 | (22) |
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95 | (1) |
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96 | (12) |
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5.3 Connected system components |
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108 | (4) |
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112 | (1) |
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5.5 Sources of further information and advice |
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113 | (4) |
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114 | (3) |
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6 Instrumentation and control technologies for small modular reactors (SMRs) |
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117 | (30) |
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117 | (2) |
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6.2 Safety system instrumentation and controls |
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119 | (8) |
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6.3 NSSS control systems instrumentation |
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127 | (4) |
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131 | (1) |
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6.5 Diagnostics and prognostics |
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131 | (1) |
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6.6 Processing electronics |
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132 | (3) |
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135 | (1) |
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6.8 Future trends and challenges |
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136 | (7) |
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143 | (4) |
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143 | (4) |
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7 Human-system interfaces in small modular reactors (SMRs) |
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147 | (40) |
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147 | (2) |
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7.2 Human-system interfaces for small modular reactors |
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149 | (2) |
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7.3 The state of HSI technology in existing nuclear power plants |
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151 | (1) |
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7.4 Advanced HSIs and the human factors challenges |
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152 | (3) |
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7.5 Differences in the treatment of HSIs in the nuclear industry |
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155 | (2) |
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7.6 How to identify and select advanced HSIs: Five dimensions |
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157 | (5) |
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7.7 Operational domains of HSIs |
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162 | (5) |
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7.8 HSI technology classification |
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167 | (6) |
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7.9 HSI architecture and functions |
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173 | (2) |
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7.10 Implementation and design strategies |
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175 | (3) |
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178 | (4) |
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182 | (5) |
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183 | (4) |
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8 Safety of integral pressurized water reactors (iPWRs) |
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187 | (30) |
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187 | (2) |
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8.2 Approaches to safety: Active, passive, inherent safety and safety by design |
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189 | (7) |
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8.3 Testing of SMR components and systems |
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196 | (8) |
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8.4 Probabilistic risk assessment (PRA)/probabilistic safety assessment (PSA) |
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204 | (6) |
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8.5 Security as it relates to safety |
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210 | (1) |
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211 | (6) |
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213 | (4) |
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9 Proliferation resistance and physical protection (PR&PP) in small modular reactors (SMRs) |
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217 | (22) |
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217 | (5) |
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222 | (1) |
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9.3 System response and outcomes |
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223 | (3) |
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9.4 Steps in the Generation IV International Forum (GIF) evaluation process |
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226 | (3) |
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9.5 Lessons learned from performing proliferation resistance and physical protection (PR&PP) |
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229 | (3) |
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232 | (2) |
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234 | (2) |
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9.8 Sources of further information and advice |
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236 | (3) |
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237 | (2) |
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Part Three Implementation and applications |
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239 | (118) |
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10 Economics and financing of small modular reactors (SMRs) |
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241 | (38) |
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241 | (4) |
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10.2 Investment and risk factors |
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245 | (7) |
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10.3 Capital costs and economy of scale |
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252 | (3) |
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10.4 Capital costs and multiple units |
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255 | (5) |
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10.5 Capital costs and size-specific factors |
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260 | (3) |
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10.6 Competitiveness of multiple small modular reactors (SMRs) versus large reactors |
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263 | (6) |
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10.7 Competitiveness of SMRs versus other generation technologies |
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269 | (2) |
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271 | (2) |
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273 | (1) |
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10.10 Sources of further information and advice |
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274 | (5) |
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275 | (4) |
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11 Licensing of small modular reactors (SMRs) |
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279 | (20) |
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279 | (1) |
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11.2 US Nuclear Regulatory Commission (NRC) licensing of small modular reactors (SMRs): An example |
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280 | (8) |
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11.3 Non-LWR advanced reactor SMR licensing |
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288 | (2) |
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11.4 Industry codes and standards to support SMR licensing |
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290 | (1) |
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11.5 International strategy and framework for SMR licensing |
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291 | (6) |
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297 | (2) |
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297 | (2) |
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12 Construction methods for small modular reactors (SMRs) |
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299 | (1) |
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299 | (24) |
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12.2 Options for manufacturing |
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302 | (7) |
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12.3 Component fabrication |
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309 | (8) |
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12.4 Advanced joining techniques |
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317 | (1) |
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12.5 Supply chain implications |
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318 | (4) |
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322 | (1) |
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322 | (1) |
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13 Hybrid energy systems using small modular nuclear reactors (SMRs) |
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323 | (34) |
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323 | (5) |
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328 | (2) |
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13.3 Evaluating the merit of proposed hybrid system architectures |
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330 | (6) |
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13.4 The when, why, and how of SMR hybridization |
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336 | (6) |
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13.5 Coupling reactor thermal output to nonelectric applications |
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342 | (7) |
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349 | (8) |
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353 | (1) |
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353 | (4) |
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Part Four International R&D and deployment |
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357 | (198) |
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14 Small modular reactors (SMRs): The case of Argentina |
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359 | (16) |
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359 | (1) |
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14.2 Small modular reactor (SMR) research and development in Argentina |
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359 | (3) |
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14.3 Integrated pressurized water reactor: CAREM |
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362 | (8) |
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14.4 Deployment of SMRs in Argentina |
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370 | (1) |
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370 | (2) |
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14.6 Sources of further information and advice |
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372 | (3) |
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372 | (3) |
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15 Small modular reactors (SMRs): The case of Canada |
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375 | (20) |
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375 | (1) |
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15.2 Canada's SMR strategy |
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376 | (2) |
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15.3 SMR markets and potential applications in Canada |
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378 | (6) |
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15.4 Canadian regulatory framework |
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384 | (2) |
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15.5 Support for development and deployment |
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386 | (2) |
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388 | (2) |
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390 | (5) |
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391 | (1) |
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391 | (4) |
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16 Small modular reactors (SMRs): The case of China |
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395 | (14) |
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395 | (1) |
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16.2 SMRs in the People's Republic (PR) of China: HTR-200 |
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396 | (3) |
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16.3 SMRs in PR of China: ACP100 |
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399 | (7) |
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16.4 Deployment of SMRs in PR of China |
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406 | (1) |
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407 | (2) |
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408 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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17 Small modular reactors (SMRs): The case of Japan |
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409 | (16) |
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409 | (1) |
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17.2 Small modular nuclear reactor (SMR) R&D in Japan |
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410 | (2) |
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17.3 SMR technologies in Japan |
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412 | (10) |
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17.4 Deployment of SMRs in Japan |
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422 | (1) |
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423 | (1) |
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17.6 Sources of further information and advice |
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423 | (2) |
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423 | (2) |
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18 Small modular reactors (SMRs): The case of the Republic of Korea |
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425 | (42) |
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425 | (3) |
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18.2 Korean integral pressurized-water reactor: System-integrated Modular Advanced ReacTor |
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428 | (15) |
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18.3 Development of other small modular nuclear reactor (SMR) programs in the Republic of Korea |
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443 | (24) |
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463 | (1) |
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463 | (1) |
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464 | (3) |
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19 Small modular reactors (SMRs): The case of Russia |
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467 | (36) |
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467 | (2) |
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19.2 OKBM Afrikantov small modular reactor (SMR) projects being deployed and developed in Russia |
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469 | (11) |
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19.3 SMRs being developed by Joint Stock Company (JSC) NIKIET in Russia |
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480 | (9) |
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19.4 SMR projects developed by JSC AKME Engineering in Russia |
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489 | (5) |
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19.5 Deployment of SMRs in Russia |
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494 | (2) |
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496 | (1) |
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497 | (1) |
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19.8 Sources of further information |
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498 | (5) |
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499 | (4) |
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20 Small modular reactors (SMRs): The case of the United Kingdom |
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503 | (18) |
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503 | (1) |
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20.2 History of nuclear power development in the United Kingdom |
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503 | (2) |
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20.3 Strategic requirements and background to UK interest in modular reactors |
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505 | (2) |
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20.4 UK R&D activities to support modular reactor development |
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507 | (8) |
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20.5 Future role of SMRs/AMRs in low-carbon energy generation |
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515 | (2) |
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517 | (4) |
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518 | (1) |
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518 | (1) |
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519 | (2) |
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21 Small modular reactors (SMRs): The case of the United States of America |
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521 | (34) |
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521 | (1) |
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21.2 Near-term SMR activities in United States |
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522 | (8) |
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21.3 Longer-term activities: US Department of Energy Office of Nuclear Energy (DOE-NE) small modular reactor (SMR) R&D program |
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530 | (4) |
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21.4 A-SMR concept evaluations |
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534 | (7) |
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21.5 DOE-NE GAIN program and A-SMRs |
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541 | (5) |
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21.6 DOE-NE Nuclear Energy University Program and A-SMRs |
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546 | (1) |
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21.7 DOE-NE National Reactor Innovation Center |
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546 | (2) |
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21.8 DOE-NE R&D efforts related to development of microreactors |
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548 | (1) |
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21.9 DOE-ARPA-E R&D for modeling and simulation of innovative technologies for advanced reactors |
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549 | (1) |
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550 | (5) |
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552 | (3) |
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Part Five Global perspectives |
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555 | (56) |
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22 Small modular reactor (SMR) adoption: Opportunities and challenges for emerging markets |
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557 | (38) |
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557 | (2) |
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22.2 SMR market deployment potential |
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559 | (7) |
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22.3 Recent climate goals and initiatives |
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566 | (4) |
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22.4 Disruptive change: A closer look at global shifts and SMR options |
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570 | (4) |
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22.5 Challenges and opportunities |
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574 | (12) |
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586 | (1) |
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22.7 Sources of further information and advice |
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587 | (8) |
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588 | (7) |
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23 Small modular reactors (SMRs): The case of developing countries |
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595 | (16) |
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595 | (1) |
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23.2 Measuring development |
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596 | (1) |
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23.3 Trade-offs of small modular reactors (SMRs) in developing countries |
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597 | (1) |
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23.4 Characteristics of developing countries that make deployment of SMRs viable |
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598 | (3) |
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23.5 SMR choices in developing countries |
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601 | (2) |
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23.6 Obstacles and innovations |
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603 | (3) |
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606 | (5) |
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606 | (1) |
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606 | (5) |
Index |
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