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Head and Neck Cancer Imaging [Hardback]

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  • Formāts: Hardback, 382 pages, height x width: 270x193 mm, 614 black & white illustrations, 40 colour illustrations, 30 black & white tables, 9 black & white line drawings
  • Sērija : Medical Radiology / Diagnostic Imaging
  • Izdošanas datums: 03-Feb-2006
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3540220275
  • ISBN-13: 9783540220275
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
  • Formāts: Hardback, 382 pages, height x width: 270x193 mm, 614 black & white illustrations, 40 colour illustrations, 30 black & white tables, 9 black & white line drawings
  • Sērija : Medical Radiology / Diagnostic Imaging
  • Izdošanas datums: 03-Feb-2006
  • Izdevniecība: Springer-Verlag Berlin and Heidelberg GmbH & Co. K
  • ISBN-10: 3540220275
  • ISBN-13: 9783540220275
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
This book provides a comprehensive review of state-of-the-art imaging in head and neck cancer. Precise determination of tumor extent is of the utmost importance in these neoplasms, as it has important consequences for staging of disease, prediction of outcome and choice of treatment. Only the radiologist can fully appreciate submucosal, perineural, and perivascular tumor spread, and detect metastatic disease at an early stage. Imaging is also of considerable benefit for patient surveillance after treatment. All imaging modalities currently used in the management of head and neck neoplasms are considered in depth, and in addition newer techniques such as PET-CT and diffusion-weighted MRI are discussed. This book will help the reader to recommend, execute and report head and neck imaging studies at a high level of sophistication and thereby to become a respected member of the team managing head and neck cancer.
Introduction: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Pathology, and Natural History of Head and Neck Neoplasms
1(17)
Vincent Vander Poorten
Epidemiology and Risk Factors
1(3)
Epidemiology: Incidence
1(1)
Risk Factors for the Development of Head and Neck Malignancies
2(1)
Risk Factors for Development of HNSCC
2(2)
Risk Factors for Development of Glandular Neoplasms
4(1)
Pathology and Natural History of Frequent Benign and Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasms
4(13)
Epithelial Neoplasms of the Mucous Membranes
4(1)
Tumour Typing and Clinical Behaviour
4(3)
Glandular Neoplasms
7(1)
Thyroid Neoplasia
7(3)
Salivary Gland Neoplasia
10(3)
Acknowledgement
13(1)
References
13(4)
Clinical and Endoscopic Examination of the Head and Neck
17(14)
Pierre Delaere
Introduction
17(1)
Neck
17(3)
Nose and Paranasal Sinuses
20(1)
Nasopharynx
21(1)
Oral Cavity
22(1)
Oropharynx
23(1)
Larynx
24(2)
Hypopharynx and Cervical Esophagus
26(1)
Salivary Glands
27(1)
Thyroid Gland
28(1)
Role of Imaging Studies
28(3)
References
29(2)
Imaging Techniques
31(12)
Robert Hermans
Frederik De Keyzer
Vincent Vandecaveye
Introduction
31(1)
Plain Radiography
31(1)
Ultrasonography
31(1)
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging
32(10)
Computed Tomography
32(1)
Patient Positioning
32(1)
Contrast Agent Injection
33(2)
Data Acquisition and Image Reconstruction
35(1)
Dynamic Maneuvers
36(1)
Three-Dimensional Image Reformatting
37(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
38(1)
Patient Positioning
39(1)
Coils
39(1)
Standard Sequences
39(1)
Contrast Agents
40(1)
Additional MRI Techniques
40(2)
Nuclear Imaging
42(1)
References
42(1)
Laryngeal Neoplasms
43(38)
Robert Hermans
Introduction
43(1)
Normal Laryngeal Anatomy
43(3)
Laryngeal Skeleton
43(2)
Mucosal Layer and Deeper Laryngeal Spaces
45(1)
Normal Radiological Anatomy
45(1)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
46(11)
General Imaging Findings
48(1)
Neoplastic Extension Patterns of Laryngeal Cancer
49(1)
Glottic Cancer
49(4)
Supraglottic Cancer
53(3)
Subglottic Cancer
56(1)
Prognostic Factors for Local Outcome of Laryngeal Cancer
57(6)
Treatment Options
57(1)
Glottic Cancer
57(1)
Supraglottic Cancer
58(1)
Impact of Imaging on Treatment Choice and Prognostic Accuracy
58(1)
Use of Imaging Parameters as Prognostic Factors for Local Outcome Independently from the TN Classification
59(1)
Predicting Local Outcome After Radiotherapy
59(3)
Predicting Local Outcome After Surgery
62(1)
Towards Risk Profiles Incorporating Imaging Findings
63(1)
Post-treatment Imaging in Laryngeal Cancer
63(10)
Expected Findings After Treatment
63(1)
Expected Tissue Changes After Radiotherapy
63(1)
Expected Findings After Laryngeal Surgery
64(4)
Persistent or Recurrent Cancer
68(1)
Imaging Strategies and Findings
68(2)
Potential Value of Imaging Surveillance
70(1)
Treatment Complications
71(1)
Complications After Surgery
71(1)
Complications After Radiotherapy
71(2)
Non-squamous Cell Laryngeal Neoplasms
73(8)
Minor Salivary Gland Neoplasms
73(1)
Mesenchymal Malignancies
74(1)
Chondrosarcoma
74(1)
Other Mesenchymal Malignancies
74(1)
Hematopoietic Malignancies
75(1)
Lymphoma
75(1)
Plasma Cell Neoplasms
76(1)
Metastasis
77(1)
References
77(4)
Neoplasms of the Hypopharynx and Proximal Esophagus
81(22)
Ilona M. Schmalfuss
Introduction
81(1)
Anatomy
81(3)
Descriptive Anatomy
81(1)
Imaging Anatomy
82(2)
Pathology
84(6)
Non-squamous Cell Malignancies
84(2)
Squamous Cell Malignancies
86(1)
Risk Factors
86(1)
Clinical Presentation
87(1)
Growth Pattern
87(1)
Nodal Chain Involvement
88(1)
TNM Classification
88(1)
Secondary Involvement by Other Tumors
88(2)
Cross-Sectional Imaging
90(2)
Radiologist's Role
92(11)
Pre-treatment
92(1)
Submucosal Spread
92(1)
Cartilage Involvement
92(1)
Tumor Volume
92(2)
During Treatment
94(1)
Post Treatment
94(1)
Post Surgery
95(3)
Post-radiation therapy
98(1)
Detection of Second Primary
99(1)
References
100(3)
Neoplasms of the Oral Cavity
103(26)
Marc Keberle
Anatomy
103(4)
The Floor of the Mouth
103(1)
The Tongue
103(1)
The Lips and Gingivobuccal Regions
104(1)
The Hard Palate and the Region of the Retromolar Trigone
105(2)
Lymphatic Drainage
107(1)
Preferred Imaging Modalities
107(1)
Pathology
107(22)
Benign Lesions
107(1)
Congenital Lesions
107(4)
Inflammatory Conditions
111(1)
Benign Tumors
112(2)
Squamous Cell Cancer
114(1)
General Considerations
114(3)
Lip Cancer
117(1)
Floor of the Mouth Cancer
117(1)
Retromolar Trigone Cancer
118(1)
Tongue Cancer
119(1)
Hard Palate, Gingival and Buccal Cancer
120(2)
Other Malignant Tumors
122(1)
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
122(1)
Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma
123(1)
Miscellaneous (see also Table 6.1)
123(1)
Recurrent Cancer
123(3)
References
126(3)
Neoplasms of the Oropharynx
129(14)
Robert Hermans
Introduction
129(1)
Normal Anatomy
129(3)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
132(5)
Tonsillar Cancer
132(1)
Tongue Base Cancer
133(2)
Soft Palate Cancer
135(1)
Posterior Oropharyngeal Wall Cancer
136(1)
Lymphatic Spread
137(1)
Treatment
137(1)
Post-treatment Imaging
138(1)
Other Neoplastic Disease
139(4)
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
139(1)
Salivary Gland Tumors
140(1)
Other
140(2)
References
142(1)
Neoplasms of the Nasopharynx
143(20)
Vincent F. H. Chong
Introduction
143(1)
Normal Anatomy
144(1)
Pathologic Anatomy
145(5)
Anterior Spread
145(1)
Lateral Spread
145(4)
Posterior Spread
149(1)
Inferior Spread
149(1)
Superior Spread
149(1)
Metastasis
150(1)
Nodal Metastasis
150(1)
Distant Metastasis
150(1)
TNM Staging System
151(2)
T Staging
152(1)
T1 Tumors
152(1)
T2 Tumors
152(1)
T3 Tumors
153(1)
T4 Tumors
153(1)
N Staging
153(1)
Imaging Technique
153(1)
Imaging Modalities
154(1)
Imaging Strategies
155(4)
Occult Malignancy
155(1)
Staging
155(1)
Follow-up Issues and Problems
155(1)
Tumor Recurrence
155(1)
Treatment Complications
156(1)
Neurological Complications
157(1)
Non-neurological Complications
158(1)
Other Neoplasms of the Nasopharynx
159(4)
References
160(3)
Parapharyngeal Space Neoplasms
163(14)
Robert Hermans
Davide Farina
Introduction
163(1)
Anatomy
163(3)
Fascial Layers and Compartments
163(2)
Radiological Anatomy
165(1)
Imaging of Parapharyngeal Space Lesions
166(11)
Primary Lesions of the Parapharyngeal Space
166(1)
Prestyloid Lesions
166(3)
Retrostyloid Lesions
169(1)
Secondary Lesions of the Parapharyngeal Space
170(4)
References
174(3)
Masticator Space Neoplasms
177(14)
Thierry P. Duprez
Emmanuel E. Coche
Masticator Space Anatomy
177(1)
Introduction to Masticator Space Malignancies
177(1)
Practical Issues for Masticator Space Imaging
178(1)
Radiological Patterns of Neoplastic Masticator Space Involvement
179(4)
Extrinsic Impingement on the MS by Benign Neoplasm
180(1)
Extrinsic Infiltration of the MS by a Malignant Neoplasm
181(1)
Intrinsic Benign Neoplasm of the MS
181(1)
Intrinsic Malignancies of the MS
182(1)
Pseudo-neoplastic Benign Hypertrophy of MS Muscles
183(1)
Special Concerns
183(8)
Synergy Between CT and MRI in Radiological Work-Up of MS Neoplasms
183(3)
Imaging of the Tumoral Spread Along the V3 Cranial Nerve
186(1)
Treatment and Post-treatment Issues
186(1)
Role of Initial Imaging Findings in Optimizing Treatment Strategy
186(1)
Potential Roles for Imaging Monitoring During and After Treatment
187(2)
Imaging of Treatment Complications
189(1)
References
189(2)
Neoplasms of the Sinonasal Cavities
191(28)
Robert Hermans
Introduction
191(1)
Normal Radiological Anatomy
192(1)
Indications for Imaging Studies
192(2)
Imaging Appearance and Extension Patterns of Sinonasal Neoplasms
194(4)
Appearance of the Tumor Mass on CT and MRI
194(1)
Extension Towards Neighbouring Structures
194(1)
Anterior Cranial Fossa
194(1)
Orbit
195(1)
Infratemporal Fossa and Middle Cranial Fossa
196(2)
Tumor Types
198(17)
Epithelial Tumors
199(1)
Inverted Papilloma
199(3)
Squamous Cell Carcinoma
202(1)
Adenocarcinoma
202(1)
Adenoid Cystic Carcinoma
202(1)
Staging of Sinonasal Carcinoma
203(1)
Other Tumors From Epithelial Origin
203(2)
Non-epithelial Tumors
205(1)
Neuro-ectodermal and Nervous System Tumors
205(2)
Mesenchymal Neoplasms
207(5)
Lymphoreticular Tumors
212(1)
Fibro-osseous Disease
213(2)
Therapeutic Relevance of Imaging Findings
215(1)
Imaging After Therapy
216(3)
References
217(2)
Parotid Gland and Other Salivary Gland Tumors
219(24)
Frederique Dubrulle
Raphaelle Souillard
Introduction
219(1)
Anatomy
219(1)
Imaging Issues
220(1)
Benign Parotid Tumors
221(9)
Benign Mixed Tumor or Pleomorphic Adenoma
221(1)
General Description
221(1)
Histological Findings
221(1)
Imaging Findings
222(1)
Differential Diagnosis
222(1)
Warthin's Tumor or Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum
222(1)
General Description
222(3)
Histological Findings
225(1)
Imaging Findings
225(3)
Differential Diagnosis
228(1)
Other Benign Tumors
228(1)
Lipoma
228(1)
Neurogenic Tumor
228(1)
Congenital Tumors
228(1)
Lymphangioma
228(1)
Infantile Hemangioma
228(1)
Cystic Tumors
229(1)
Solitary Cystic Lesion
229(1)
Dermoid Cysts
230(1)
Epidermoid Cysts
230(1)
Multiple Intraparotid Cystic Lesions
230(1)
Malignant Parotid Tumors
230(4)
Histologic Classification
231(1)
Imaging Findings
231(1)
Parotid Cancer
231(3)
Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
234(1)
Difficult Cases
234(1)
Pseudotumors of the Parotid Gland
235(1)
Sjogren's Syndrome
235(1)
Sarcoidosis
236(1)
Tumors of the Other Salivary Glands
236(3)
Minor Salivary Glands Tumors
237(1)
Submandibular Gland Tumors
238(1)
Sublingual Gland Tumors
239(1)
Conclusion
239(4)
References
241(2)
Malignant Lesions of the Central and Posterior Skull Base
243(28)
Ilona M. Schmalfuss
Introduction
243(1)
Anatomy
243(4)
Central Skull Base
244(1)
Posterior Skull Base
245(2)
Clinical Presentation
247(1)
Normal Anatomical Variations
247(2)
Pathology
249(17)
Malignant Lesions Causing Diffuse or Multi-focal Skull Base Involvement
249(1)
Mimics of Malignant Lesions Causing Diffuse or Multi-focal Skull Base Involvement
249(1)
Non-region Specific, Localized Malignant Skull Base Lesions
250(2)
Mimics of Non-region Specific, Localized Malignant Skull Base Lesions
252(2)
Malignant Central Skull Base Lesions
254(3)
Malignant Lesion at the Junction of Central to Posterior Skull Base
257(2)
Mimics of Malignant Central Skull Base Lesions
259(1)
Malignant Posterior Skull Base Lesions
260(3)
Mimics of Malignant Posterior Skull Base Lesions
263(3)
Imaging Protocol
266(1)
Radiologist's Role
267(4)
References
267(4)
Thyroid and Parathyroid Neoplasms
271(22)
Soraya Robinson
Imaging Modalities
271(10)
Plain X-Ray
271(1)
Ultrasound
271(1)
Thyroid Gland
272(1)
Parathyroid Gland
273(1)
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy
274(1)
Computed Tomography
275(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging
276(1)
Nuclear Medicine
276(5)
Thyroid Gland
281(6)
Embryology
281(1)
Anatomy
281(1)
Physiology and Implications for Follow-Up
281(1)
Pathology
282(1)
Benign Disease
282(1)
Malignant Neoplasms
283(4)
Parathyroid Gland
287(6)
Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology
287(1)
Pathology
287(1)
Hyperparathyroidism
287(1)
Patient Management in Hyperparathyroidism
288(1)
References
289(4)
Neck Nodal Disease
293(18)
Jonas A. Castelijns
M.W.M. van den Brekel
Introduction
293(1)
Neck Anatomy and Patterns of Metastasis
293(2)
Benign Lymphadenopathy in the Neck
295(1)
Metastatic Lymphadenopathy
295(3)
Thyroid Carcinoma
296(1)
Salivary Gland Carcinomas
296(1)
Skin Neoplasms
296(1)
Mucosal Squamous Cell Carcinoma
297(1)
Imaging Techniques
298(4)
CT and MR Imaging
298(1)
Ultrasound
299(1)
Ultrasound-Guided Aspiration Cytology
300(2)
Clinical Impact of Diagnostic Evaluation
302(9)
Clinically Negative (NO) Neck
302(1)
Clinically Positive (N+) Neck
303(1)
Recurrent Disease in the Neck
304(1)
References
305(6)
Neck Lymphoma
311(18)
Frank A. Pameijer
Rick L. M. Haas
Introduction
311(1)
Epidemiology
311(1)
Aetiology
312(1)
Pathology and Classifications
312(1)
Hodgkin's Lymphoma
312(1)
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHL) and Specific Entities
313(1)
Work-Up
314(1)
Diagnosis
314(1)
Initial Imaging
314(1)
Staging
314(1)
Treatment
314(2)
Response Assessment
316(1)
Nodal Disease
316(2)
The Common Sites
316(1)
The Uncommon Sites
317(1)
Extranodal Disease
318(11)
Waldeyer's Ring and the Upper Aerodigestive Tract
318(1)
Nasopharynx
318(1)
Tonsillar Fossa
319(1)
Base of Tongue
319(1)
Larynx
319(1)
Orbit
320(1)
Conjunctiva
321(1)
Intra-orbital Lymphoma
321(1)
Lacrimal Gland
321(1)
Salivary Glands
322(1)
Parotid Gland
322(2)
Sinonasal Cavities
324(1)
Thyroid
324(2)
Bone
326(3)
Positron Emission Tomography in Head and Neck Cancer
329(16)
Catherine Castaigne
Kristoff Muylle
Patrick Flamen
Introduction
329(3)
Metabolic Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography
329(1)
Biochemical Foundations of the Use of 18F-FDG as a Marker in Malignancy
329(1)
Intratumoral Distribution of FDG at the Cellular Level
330(1)
Physical and Technical Aspects of Whole-Body FDG-PET(-CT) Imaging
330(1)
General Consideration on the Use of FDG-PET in Head and Neck Cancer
331(1)
Diagnostic Sensitivity
331(1)
Diagnostic Specificity
332(1)
Clinical Applications
332(9)
Physiological FDG Uptake Distribution in the Head and Neck Region
332(1)
Staging the Primary Tumour
332(1)
Assessment of the Primary Lesion
332(2)
Assessment of Lymph Nodes
334(1)
Assessment of Distant Metastasis and Synchronous Second Primary Malignancies
335(1)
Detection and Staging of Recurrent Disease
336(2)
FDG-PET in Radiation Treatment Planning
338(1)
Therapy Monitoring and Planning
339(1)
Radiotherapy
339(1)
Chemotherapy and Combination Therapy
339(2)
Prognostic Value
341(1)
Conclusion
341(4)
References
342(3)
Use of Imaging Data in Radiotherapy Planning of Head and Neck Cancer: Improved Tumour Characterization, Delineation and Treatment Verification
345(16)
Sandra Nuyts
Introduction
345(1)
General Principles of Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer
346(2)
Present Status of Imaging Modalities in Radiotherapy: Overview
348(3)
Computed Tomography in Radiotherapy
349(1)
General Considerations
349(1)
Advantages
349(1)
Disadvantages
349(1)
Special Features
349(1)
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Radiotherapy
350(1)
General Considerations
350(1)
Advantages
350(1)
Disadvantages
350(1)
Use
350(1)
Positron Emission Tomography in Radiotherapy
350(1)
General Considerations
350(1)
Advantages
351(1)
Disadvantages
351(1)
Use
351(1)
Applications of Imaging Data in Radiation Oncology
351(6)
Target Delineation: Anatomical Information
351(1)
CT
351(1)
MRI
352(1)
PET
352(1)
Target Delineation: Biological Information
353(1)
Hypoxia
354(1)
Proliferation
355(1)
Apoptosis
356(1)
Receptor Status/Molecular Imaging
356(1)
Treatment Verification
357(1)
Conclusion and Future Challenges
357(4)
References
358(3)
Subject Index 361(4)
List of Contributors 365