|
Introduction: Epidemiology, Risk Factors, Pathology, and Natural History of Head and Neck Neoplasms |
|
|
1 | (17) |
|
|
Epidemiology and Risk Factors |
|
|
1 | (3) |
|
|
1 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for the Development of Head and Neck Malignancies |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
Risk Factors for Development of HNSCC |
|
|
2 | (2) |
|
Risk Factors for Development of Glandular Neoplasms |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
Pathology and Natural History of Frequent Benign and Malignant Head and Neck Neoplasms |
|
|
4 | (13) |
|
Epithelial Neoplasms of the Mucous Membranes |
|
|
4 | (1) |
|
Tumour Typing and Clinical Behaviour |
|
|
4 | (3) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
7 | (3) |
|
|
10 | (3) |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
|
13 | (4) |
|
Clinical and Endoscopic Examination of the Head and Neck |
|
|
17 | (14) |
|
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
|
17 | (3) |
|
Nose and Paranasal Sinuses |
|
|
20 | (1) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
|
24 | (2) |
|
Hypopharynx and Cervical Esophagus |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
|
28 | (3) |
|
|
29 | (2) |
|
|
31 | (12) |
|
|
|
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
Computed Tomography and Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
|
|
32 | (10) |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
|
33 | (2) |
|
Data Acquisition and Image Reconstruction |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
36 | (1) |
|
Three-Dimensional Image Reformatting |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
Additional MRI Techniques |
|
|
40 | (2) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (38) |
|
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
|
43 | (3) |
|
|
43 | (2) |
|
Mucosal Layer and Deeper Laryngeal Spaces |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
Normal Radiological Anatomy |
|
|
45 | (1) |
|
|
46 | (11) |
|
|
48 | (1) |
|
Neoplastic Extension Patterns of Laryngeal Cancer |
|
|
49 | (1) |
|
|
49 | (4) |
|
|
53 | (3) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
Prognostic Factors for Local Outcome of Laryngeal Cancer |
|
|
57 | (6) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
57 | (1) |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
Impact of Imaging on Treatment Choice and Prognostic Accuracy |
|
|
58 | (1) |
|
Use of Imaging Parameters as Prognostic Factors for Local Outcome Independently from the TN Classification |
|
|
59 | (1) |
|
Predicting Local Outcome After Radiotherapy |
|
|
59 | (3) |
|
Predicting Local Outcome After Surgery |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
Towards Risk Profiles Incorporating Imaging Findings |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Post-treatment Imaging in Laryngeal Cancer |
|
|
63 | (10) |
|
Expected Findings After Treatment |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Expected Tissue Changes After Radiotherapy |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
Expected Findings After Laryngeal Surgery |
|
|
64 | (4) |
|
Persistent or Recurrent Cancer |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
Imaging Strategies and Findings |
|
|
68 | (2) |
|
Potential Value of Imaging Surveillance |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
Complications After Surgery |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
Complications After Radiotherapy |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
Non-squamous Cell Laryngeal Neoplasms |
|
|
73 | (8) |
|
Minor Salivary Gland Neoplasms |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
Other Mesenchymal Malignancies |
|
|
74 | (1) |
|
Hematopoietic Malignancies |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
75 | (1) |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
|
77 | (4) |
|
Neoplasms of the Hypopharynx and Proximal Esophagus |
|
|
81 | (22) |
|
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
81 | (3) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
82 | (2) |
|
|
84 | (6) |
|
Non-squamous Cell Malignancies |
|
|
84 | (2) |
|
Squamous Cell Malignancies |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
87 | (1) |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
|
88 | (1) |
|
Secondary Involvement by Other Tumors |
|
|
88 | (2) |
|
|
90 | (2) |
|
|
92 | (11) |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
92 | (2) |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
94 | (1) |
|
|
95 | (3) |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
Detection of Second Primary |
|
|
99 | (1) |
|
|
100 | (3) |
|
Neoplasms of the Oral Cavity |
|
|
103 | (26) |
|
|
|
103 | (4) |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
The Lips and Gingivobuccal Regions |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
The Hard Palate and the Region of the Retromolar Trigone |
|
|
105 | (2) |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
Preferred Imaging Modalities |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
107 | (22) |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
|
107 | (4) |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
|
112 | (2) |
|
|
114 | (1) |
|
|
114 | (3) |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
Floor of the Mouth Cancer |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
Retromolar Trigone Cancer |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
Hard Palate, Gingival and Buccal Cancer |
|
|
120 | (2) |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
Miscellaneous (see also Table 6.1) |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
|
123 | (3) |
|
|
126 | (3) |
|
Neoplasms of the Oropharynx |
|
|
129 | (14) |
|
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
|
129 | (3) |
|
|
132 | (5) |
|
|
132 | (1) |
|
|
133 | (2) |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
Posterior Oropharyngeal Wall Cancer |
|
|
136 | (1) |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
137 | (1) |
|
|
138 | (1) |
|
|
139 | (4) |
|
|
139 | (1) |
|
|
140 | (1) |
|
|
140 | (2) |
|
|
142 | (1) |
|
Neoplasms of the Nasopharynx |
|
|
143 | (20) |
|
|
|
143 | (1) |
|
|
144 | (1) |
|
|
145 | (5) |
|
|
145 | (1) |
|
|
145 | (4) |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
149 | (1) |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
150 | (1) |
|
|
151 | (2) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
152 | (1) |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
153 | (1) |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
|
155 | (4) |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
Follow-up Issues and Problems |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
155 | (1) |
|
|
156 | (1) |
|
Neurological Complications |
|
|
157 | (1) |
|
Non-neurological Complications |
|
|
158 | (1) |
|
Other Neoplasms of the Nasopharynx |
|
|
159 | (4) |
|
|
160 | (3) |
|
Parapharyngeal Space Neoplasms |
|
|
163 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
163 | (1) |
|
|
163 | (3) |
|
Fascial Layers and Compartments |
|
|
163 | (2) |
|
|
165 | (1) |
|
Imaging of Parapharyngeal Space Lesions |
|
|
166 | (11) |
|
Primary Lesions of the Parapharyngeal Space |
|
|
166 | (1) |
|
|
166 | (3) |
|
|
169 | (1) |
|
Secondary Lesions of the Parapharyngeal Space |
|
|
170 | (4) |
|
|
174 | (3) |
|
Masticator Space Neoplasms |
|
|
177 | (14) |
|
|
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
Introduction to Masticator Space Malignancies |
|
|
177 | (1) |
|
Practical Issues for Masticator Space Imaging |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
Radiological Patterns of Neoplastic Masticator Space Involvement |
|
|
179 | (4) |
|
Extrinsic Impingement on the MS by Benign Neoplasm |
|
|
180 | (1) |
|
Extrinsic Infiltration of the MS by a Malignant Neoplasm |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
Intrinsic Benign Neoplasm of the MS |
|
|
181 | (1) |
|
Intrinsic Malignancies of the MS |
|
|
182 | (1) |
|
Pseudo-neoplastic Benign Hypertrophy of MS Muscles |
|
|
183 | (1) |
|
|
183 | (8) |
|
Synergy Between CT and MRI in Radiological Work-Up of MS Neoplasms |
|
|
183 | (3) |
|
Imaging of the Tumoral Spread Along the V3 Cranial Nerve |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
Treatment and Post-treatment Issues |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
Role of Initial Imaging Findings in Optimizing Treatment Strategy |
|
|
186 | (1) |
|
Potential Roles for Imaging Monitoring During and After Treatment |
|
|
187 | (2) |
|
Imaging of Treatment Complications |
|
|
189 | (1) |
|
|
189 | (2) |
|
Neoplasms of the Sinonasal Cavities |
|
|
191 | (28) |
|
|
|
191 | (1) |
|
Normal Radiological Anatomy |
|
|
192 | (1) |
|
Indications for Imaging Studies |
|
|
192 | (2) |
|
Imaging Appearance and Extension Patterns of Sinonasal Neoplasms |
|
|
194 | (4) |
|
Appearance of the Tumor Mass on CT and MRI |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
Extension Towards Neighbouring Structures |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
194 | (1) |
|
|
195 | (1) |
|
Infratemporal Fossa and Middle Cranial Fossa |
|
|
196 | (2) |
|
|
198 | (17) |
|
|
199 | (1) |
|
|
199 | (3) |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
|
202 | (1) |
|
Staging of Sinonasal Carcinoma |
|
|
203 | (1) |
|
Other Tumors From Epithelial Origin |
|
|
203 | (2) |
|
|
205 | (1) |
|
Neuro-ectodermal and Nervous System Tumors |
|
|
205 | (2) |
|
|
207 | (5) |
|
|
212 | (1) |
|
|
213 | (2) |
|
Therapeutic Relevance of Imaging Findings |
|
|
215 | (1) |
|
|
216 | (3) |
|
|
217 | (2) |
|
Parotid Gland and Other Salivary Gland Tumors |
|
|
219 | (24) |
|
|
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
219 | (1) |
|
|
220 | (1) |
|
|
221 | (9) |
|
Benign Mixed Tumor or Pleomorphic Adenoma |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
221 | (1) |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
Warthin's Tumor or Papillary Cystadenoma Lymphomatosum |
|
|
222 | (1) |
|
|
222 | (3) |
|
|
225 | (1) |
|
|
225 | (3) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
228 | (1) |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
|
229 | (1) |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
Multiple Intraparotid Cystic Lesions |
|
|
230 | (1) |
|
|
230 | (4) |
|
Histologic Classification |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
231 | (1) |
|
|
231 | (3) |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
|
234 | (1) |
|
Pseudotumors of the Parotid Gland |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
235 | (1) |
|
|
236 | (1) |
|
Tumors of the Other Salivary Glands |
|
|
236 | (3) |
|
Minor Salivary Glands Tumors |
|
|
237 | (1) |
|
Submandibular Gland Tumors |
|
|
238 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (1) |
|
|
239 | (4) |
|
|
241 | (2) |
|
Malignant Lesions of the Central and Posterior Skull Base |
|
|
243 | (28) |
|
|
|
243 | (1) |
|
|
243 | (4) |
|
|
244 | (1) |
|
|
245 | (2) |
|
|
247 | (1) |
|
Normal Anatomical Variations |
|
|
247 | (2) |
|
|
249 | (17) |
|
Malignant Lesions Causing Diffuse or Multi-focal Skull Base Involvement |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Mimics of Malignant Lesions Causing Diffuse or Multi-focal Skull Base Involvement |
|
|
249 | (1) |
|
Non-region Specific, Localized Malignant Skull Base Lesions |
|
|
250 | (2) |
|
Mimics of Non-region Specific, Localized Malignant Skull Base Lesions |
|
|
252 | (2) |
|
Malignant Central Skull Base Lesions |
|
|
254 | (3) |
|
Malignant Lesion at the Junction of Central to Posterior Skull Base |
|
|
257 | (2) |
|
Mimics of Malignant Central Skull Base Lesions |
|
|
259 | (1) |
|
Malignant Posterior Skull Base Lesions |
|
|
260 | (3) |
|
Mimics of Malignant Posterior Skull Base Lesions |
|
|
263 | (3) |
|
|
266 | (1) |
|
|
267 | (4) |
|
|
267 | (4) |
|
Thyroid and Parathyroid Neoplasms |
|
|
271 | (22) |
|
|
|
271 | (10) |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
|
271 | (1) |
|
|
272 | (1) |
|
|
273 | (1) |
|
Fine Needle Aspiration Biopsy |
|
|
274 | (1) |
|
|
275 | (1) |
|
Magnetic Resonance Imaging |
|
|
276 | (1) |
|
|
276 | (5) |
|
|
281 | (6) |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
Physiology and Implications for Follow-Up |
|
|
281 | (1) |
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
282 | (1) |
|
|
283 | (4) |
|
|
287 | (6) |
|
Embryology, Anatomy and Physiology |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
|
287 | (1) |
|
Patient Management in Hyperparathyroidism |
|
|
288 | (1) |
|
|
289 | (4) |
|
|
293 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
293 | (1) |
|
Neck Anatomy and Patterns of Metastasis |
|
|
293 | (2) |
|
Benign Lymphadenopathy in the Neck |
|
|
295 | (1) |
|
Metastatic Lymphadenopathy |
|
|
295 | (3) |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Salivary Gland Carcinomas |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
|
296 | (1) |
|
Mucosal Squamous Cell Carcinoma |
|
|
297 | (1) |
|
|
298 | (4) |
|
|
298 | (1) |
|
|
299 | (1) |
|
Ultrasound-Guided Aspiration Cytology |
|
|
300 | (2) |
|
Clinical Impact of Diagnostic Evaluation |
|
|
302 | (9) |
|
Clinically Negative (NO) Neck |
|
|
302 | (1) |
|
Clinically Positive (N+) Neck |
|
|
303 | (1) |
|
Recurrent Disease in the Neck |
|
|
304 | (1) |
|
|
305 | (6) |
|
|
311 | (18) |
|
|
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
311 | (1) |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Pathology and Classifications |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
|
312 | (1) |
|
Non-Hodgkin's Lymphomas (NHL) and Specific Entities |
|
|
313 | (1) |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
314 | (1) |
|
|
314 | (2) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
316 | (2) |
|
|
316 | (1) |
|
|
317 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (11) |
|
Waldeyer's Ring and the Upper Aerodigestive Tract |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
318 | (1) |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
|
319 | (1) |
|
|
320 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
321 | (1) |
|
|
322 | (1) |
|
|
322 | (2) |
|
|
324 | (1) |
|
|
324 | (2) |
|
|
326 | (3) |
|
Positron Emission Tomography in Head and Neck Cancer |
|
|
329 | (16) |
|
|
|
|
|
329 | (3) |
|
Metabolic Imaging with Positron Emission Tomography |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
Biochemical Foundations of the Use of 18F-FDG as a Marker in Malignancy |
|
|
329 | (1) |
|
Intratumoral Distribution of FDG at the Cellular Level |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
Physical and Technical Aspects of Whole-Body FDG-PET(-CT) Imaging |
|
|
330 | (1) |
|
General Consideration on the Use of FDG-PET in Head and Neck Cancer |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
331 | (1) |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
|
332 | (9) |
|
Physiological FDG Uptake Distribution in the Head and Neck Region |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
Staging the Primary Tumour |
|
|
332 | (1) |
|
Assessment of the Primary Lesion |
|
|
332 | (2) |
|
Assessment of Lymph Nodes |
|
|
334 | (1) |
|
Assessment of Distant Metastasis and Synchronous Second Primary Malignancies |
|
|
335 | (1) |
|
Detection and Staging of Recurrent Disease |
|
|
336 | (2) |
|
FDG-PET in Radiation Treatment Planning |
|
|
338 | (1) |
|
Therapy Monitoring and Planning |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
|
339 | (1) |
|
Chemotherapy and Combination Therapy |
|
|
339 | (2) |
|
|
341 | (1) |
|
|
341 | (4) |
|
|
342 | (3) |
|
Use of Imaging Data in Radiotherapy Planning of Head and Neck Cancer: Improved Tumour Characterization, Delineation and Treatment Verification |
|
|
345 | (16) |
|
|
|
345 | (1) |
|
General Principles of Radiotherapy for Head and Neck Cancer |
|
|
346 | (2) |
|
Present Status of Imaging Modalities in Radiotherapy: Overview |
|
|
348 | (3) |
|
Computed Tomography in Radiotherapy |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
|
349 | (1) |
|
Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Radiotherapy |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
Positron Emission Tomography in Radiotherapy |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
350 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
Applications of Imaging Data in Radiation Oncology |
|
|
351 | (6) |
|
Target Delineation: Anatomical Information |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
351 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
|
352 | (1) |
|
Target Delineation: Biological Information |
|
|
353 | (1) |
|
|
354 | (1) |
|
|
355 | (1) |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
Receptor Status/Molecular Imaging |
|
|
356 | (1) |
|
|
357 | (1) |
|
Conclusion and Future Challenges |
|
|
357 | (4) |
|
|
358 | (3) |
Subject Index |
|
361 | (4) |
List of Contributors |
|
365 | |