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E-grāmata: Headland-bay Beaches: Static Equilibrium Concept For Shoreline Management

(Univ De Cantabria, Spain), (Sungkyunkwan Univ, Korea), (Federal Univ Of Santa Catarina, Brazil), (Univ De Cantabria, Spain), (Univ Of Western Australia, Australia & National Sun Yat-sen Univ, Taiwan)
  • Formāts: 812 pages
  • Sērija : Advanced Series On Ocean Engineering 53
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Jun-2021
  • Izdevniecība: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789811227738
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  • Formāts: 812 pages
  • Sērija : Advanced Series On Ocean Engineering 53
  • Izdošanas datums: 22-Jun-2021
  • Izdevniecība: World Scientific Publishing Co Pte Ltd
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9789811227738
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Headland-bay beaches (HBBs) are ubiquitous in coastal environment. They exist around the world naturally or artificially as byproduct of engineering project. Though in various shapes, sizes and stability, a HBB in static equilibrium not only is a delight for visitors, but also offers hope for better beach protection, restoration, recreation, and shoreline management. With an empirical parabolic model now available, the stability of an existing HBB can be verified, the future bay shape downdrift of a harbor can be predefined, and a stable HBB can be designed.Although a plethora of books are available for coastal and ocean engineering and geomorphology, only a countable few have covered engineering applications of HBBs. On the contrary, this book with focus on the HBBs in static equilibrium aims to offer a comprehensive volume with knowledge and applications for coastal scientists, engineers, managers, students, and the general public interested in HBBs. Useful software tools for HBBs (MEPBAY, MeePaSoL, and SMC) are introduced in the book to aid in applications.The authors have set out to make this book the first unique publication on HBBs, by bringing together the old coastal geomorphic knowledge and new concepts for static bay beaches. This book also provides numerous examples using the static bay beach concept to assist coastal scientists and engineers on planning and pre-design of a stable HBB, and for experimentalists, consultants, and numerical modelers to alleviate the burden of comparing planning options and conducting laborious physical experiments on coastal sedimentation problems.
Dedication v
Foreword vii
Miguel A. Losada
Foreword xi
Charles W. Finkl
Preface xiii
Part 1 Geomorphic And Global Aspects 1(214)
1 Development in Coastal Geomorphology
3(32)
1.1 Introduction
3(3)
1.2 Scopes of Geomorphology
6(3)
1.3 Brief History of Geomorphology
9(6)
1.4 Brief History of Coastal Geomorphology
15(5)
1.5 Physical Classification of Coasts
20(3)
1.6 Contemporary Approach to Coastal Systems
23(7)
1.6.1 Morphodynamic approaches
25(1)
1.6.2 Geomorphic engineering
26(4)
1.7 Useful
References
30(5)
2 Wave Hydrodynamics
35(86)
2.1 Introduction
35(3)
2.2 Wave Generation and Forecasting/Hindcasting
38(32)
2.2.1 Wave generation by storms
42(7)
2.2.2 Waves in dispersal area
49(3)
2.2.3 Wave statistics and parametric methods
52(8)
2.2.4 Wave energy spectral methods for deep water
60(4)
2.2.5 Waves infinite depths
64(6)
2.3 Basic Wave Theories
70(18)
2.3.1 Progressive waves
72(9)
2.3.2 Standing waves
81(2)
2.3.3 Short-crested waves
83(5)
2.4 Wave Transformation
88(17)
2.4.1 Wave shoaling
89(2)
2.4.2 Combined refraction and shoaling
91(7)
2.4.3 Wave diffraction
98(5)
2.4.4 Wave reflection
103(2)
2.5 Surf Zone Processes
105(11)
2.5.1 Wave set-down and set-up
105(2)
2.5.2 Wave breaking
107(4)
2.5.3 Longshore and cross-shore currents
111(2)
2.5.4 Nearshore circulation, rip currents and undertow
113(3)
2.6 Swash Zone Processes
116(5)
3 Global Aspects of Beaches
121(94)
3.1 Introduction
121(2)
3.2 Coastal Environment, Wave Climate and Wave Roses
123(4)
3.3 Global Aspects of Swell and Shoreline Orientation
127(6)
3.4 Morphodynamic Aspects of Beaches
133(6)
3.4.1 Coastal lithology and subaerial climate
133(1)
3.4.2 Pleistocene inheritance and past sea level change
134(1)
3.4.3 Constructional landforms
135(4)
3.5 Variability in Sea Levels
139(17)
3.5.1 Tides and water levels
140(8)
3.5.2 Micro-, meso- and macro-tidal conditions
148(1)
3.5.3 Storm surges
149(1)
3.5.4 Sea level changes
150(6)
3.6 Depth of Closure (DoC)
156(6)
3.7 Littoral Cells and Sediment Budget
162(5)
3.8 Terminology of Coastal Zones
167(5)
3.9 Beach and Dune Sediment Grain Sizes
172(11)
3.10 Beach Profile Variability and Equilibrium
183(26)
3.10.1 Swell-built beach profile
184(2)
3.10.2 Storm-built beach profile
186(4)
3.10.3 Bar characteristics in large wave tank tests
190(9)
3.10.4 Bar characteristics in field conditions
199(7)
3.10.5 Return of the bar
206(3)
3.11 Equilibrium Beach Concept
209(6)
Part 2 Empirical Approaches 215(196)
4 Geomorphic Characteristics of Headland-Bay Beaches
217(60)
4.1 Introduction
217(3)
4.2 Geological Inheritance in Embayed Coasts
220(6)
4.3 Wave Refraction and Diffraction on Embayed Coasts
226(3)
4.4 Planforms of Headland-Bay Beaches (HBBs)
229(11)
4.4.1 Simple bay with single curvature
230(2)
4.4.2 Concave bay in double curvatures
232(1)
4.4.3 Inlet spit sheltered behind headland
233(2)
4.4.4 Salient and tombolo
235(5)
4.5 Indentation Ratio
240(2)
4.6 Beach Planform Rotation
242(9)
4.7 Headland Bypassing of Sediment
251(9)
4.8 Gravel Beaches
260(10)
4.9 Beach Stability
270(7)
5 Empirical Bay Shape Equations
277(76)
5.1 Introduction
277(2)
5.2 Bay Shape Models for Mixed Stability
279(11)
5.2.1 Parabolic equation (excluding headland)
280(1)
5.2.2 Logarithmic equation
281(4)
5.2.3 Hyperbolic-tangent equation
285(3)
5.2.4 Artificial neural network
288(2)
5.3 Parabolic Bay Shape Model for Static Equilibrium
290(36)
5.3.1 Early model tests at AIT, Bangkok
290(13)
5.3.2 Developing a predictive empirical model
303(7)
5.3.3 Parabolic bay shape equation - Parabolic model
310(5)
5.3.4 Revising C using downdrift boundary conditions
315(8)
5.3.5 Recalibrating C coefficients using prototype data
323(3)
5.4 Comparison Between Different Bay Shape Models
326(4)
5.5 Determining Downdrift Control Point and Wave Obliquity
330(11)
5.5.1 Empirical approach
330(7)
5.5.2 Mean wave energy flux approach
337(4)
5.6 Research in Dynamic Equilibrium Bay Shape
341(12)
5.6.1 Experimental study at AIT
342(5)
5.6.2 Mean wave energy flux method from IHCantabria
347(6)
6 Empirical and Numerical Software Tools
353(58)
6.1 Introduction
353(5)
6.2 MEPBAY
358(12)
6.2.1 Background information
358(1)
6.2.2 Development of MEPBAY
359(3)
6.2.3 Applications of MEPBAY
362(8)
6.3 MeePaSoL
370(18)
6.3.1 Background information
370(1)
6.3.2 Wave phase potential and predominant wave direction
370(6)
6.3.3 MeePaSoL - a MATLAB-based GUI model
376(2)
6.3.4 Applications of MeePaSoL
378(10)
6.4 SMC (Coastal Modeling System)
388(19)
6.4.1 Developing the SMC
388(4)
6.4.2 General structure of SMCE
392(5)
6.4.3 Databases IH-DATA
397(1)
6.4.4 SMCE implementation and distribution
398(1)
6.4.5 Case study at Massaguacu Beach in Brazil
399(8)
6.5 Concluding Remarks
407(4)
Part 3 Engineering Applications 411(296)
7 Shore Protection Methods
413(88)
7.1 Introduction
413(4)
7.2 Causes of Beach Erosion
417(2)
7.3 Do Nothing and Managed Retreat
419(4)
7.4 Hard Shore Protection
423(17)
7.4.1 Seawalls
423(4)
7.4.2 Groins
427(6)
7.4.3 Detached breakwaters
433(5)
7.4.4 Composite groins
438(2)
7.5 Soft Shore Protection
440(13)
7.5.1 Beach nourishment
441(8)
7.5.2 Submerged groins, breakwaters and berms
449(2)
7.5.3 Artificial reefs
451(2)
7.6 Comparison Between Hard and Soft Options
453(3)
7.7 Japanese Experience
456(15)
7.8 Beach Renourishment in Florida
471(4)
7.9 Around North West Mediterranean Sea
475(20)
7.9.1 Italy
477(5)
7.9.2 Monaco
482(2)
7.9.3 France
484(4)
7.9.4 Spain
488(5)
7.9.5 Concluding remark
493(2)
7.10 Pattaya Beach Nourishment
495(6)
7.10.1 Historical background
495(2)
7.10.2 Beach nourishment
497(4)
8 Coastal Ports and Harbors
501(38)
8.1 Introduction
501(4)
8.2 Classification of Harbor Breakwater Layouts
505(3)
8.3 Beach Erosion Downdrift of Harbors in Japan and Taiwan
508(6)
8.4 Effect of Harbor Extension on Downdrift Beaches
514(11)
8.4.1 Oarai Port, Japan
514(6)
8.4.2 Iwafune Harbor, Japan
520(5)
8.5 Analysis of Beach Stability for Harbors in Korea
525(4)
8.6 Geomorphic Role of Breakwater Tip in Beach Planform
529(10)
8.6.1 Effect of relocating updrift control point
529(2)
8.6.2 Mitigating downdrift beach erosion
531(4)
8.6.3 Concluding remarks
535(4)
9 Static Bay Beach Concept for Shoreline Management
539(86)
9.1 Introduction
539(2)
9.2 Headland Control Aiding Nature for Sustainable Beaches
541(6)
9.3 Applications of Empirical Parabolic Model
547(16)
9.3.1 Verification of natural bay beach stability
548(3)
9.3.2 Verification of artificial bay beach stability
551(4)
9.3.3 EIA for effects of harbor breakwaters and jetties
555(5)
9.3.4 Beach restoration, recreation and shore protection
560(3)
9.4 Salient and Tombolo Behind Detached Breakwaters
563(20)
9.4.1 Formation of salient and tombolo
563(2)
9.4.2 Single detached breakwaters
565(9)
9.4.3 Multiple detached breakwaters
574(9)
9.5 Uda Model for Predicting 3-D Beach Changes
583(9)
9.5.1 Predictive model
584(2)
9.5.2 Procedure for numerical method
586(1)
9.5.3 Application to Kemigawa beach
587(5)
9.6 The Role of Headland in Shoreline Management
592(14)
9.6.1 Scopes of coastal zone management
593(2)
9.6.2 Geometry of headlands
595(10)
9.6.3 Concluding remarks on headland geometry
605(1)
9.7 Storm Beach Buffer
606(8)
9.8 The Role of Coastal Scientists, Engineers and Managers
614(4)
9.9 Shirarahama Beach Preservation, Japan
618(7)
9.9.1 Historic background
618(3)
9.9.2 Academic research at DPRI, Kyoto University
621(2)
9.9.3 Implementation and outcome
623(2)
10 Case Studies and Engineering Applications
625(82)
10.1 Introduction
625(2)
10.2 Land Reclamation and Headland Control in Singapore
627(15)
10.2.1 Land reclamation in Singapore
627(5)
10.2.2 First headland control applying embayed beaches
632(5)
10.2.3 Creating headland-bay beaches in static equilibrium
637(5)
10.3 Beach Restoration on Reethi Rah in the Maldives
642(13)
10.3.1 A rescue operation with limited time
642(2)
10.3.2 On site planning and construction of shorelines
644(10)
10.3.3 Mission accomplished
654(1)
10.4 Gangmun Beach, Korea
655(14)
10.4.1 Geographical and historical setting
655(2)
10.4.2 Engineering design
657(9)
10.4.3 General outcome
666(3)
10.5 Porto Beach in Imbituba, Brazil
669(13)
10.5.1 Background
669(1)
10.5.2 Breakwater construction and shoreline evolution
670(4)
10.5.3 Applying parabolic model to Porto Beach
674(8)
10.6 Poniente Beach in Gijon, Spain
682(10)
10.6.1 Design requirements
682(3)
10.6.2 Marine dynamics
685(2)
10.6.3 Long-term design of Poniente Beach
687(3)
10.6.4 Very long-term evaluation of Poniente Beach
690(2)
10.7 Sizihwan Beach in Kaohsiung, Taiwan
692(15)
10.7.1 Background
692(1)
10.7.2 Planning of beach restoration at Sizihwan
693(5)
10.7.3 Construction in progress
698(6)
10.7.4 Post-monitoring and concluding remarks
704(3)
Appendix A: Tropical Cyclone Classifications and Naming 707(12)
Appendix B: Images of 49 HBBs for Verifying and Revising C Coefficients 719(8)
Appendix C: Guide to Download and Apply MEPBAY 3.0 727(10)
References 737(38)
Index 775
John Rong-Chung Hsu is Honorary Research Fellow at University of Western Australia, Australia, and Emeritus Professor at National Sun Yat-sen University in Taiwan. He obtained his PhD from the University of Western Australia in 1980. Professor Hsu has served the Board of Advisory Editors, Coastal Engineering (19962017) and on Editorial Board, Coastal Engineering Journal, Japan Society of Civil Engineers (19972013). With Professor Richard Silvester, he co-authored a 578-page book "Coastal Stabilization: Innovative Concept" by Prentice-Hall in 1993, with reprint by World Scientific in 1997. He and Antonio Klein were Guest Editors of a special issue on "Hydrodynamics and Applications of Headland-Bay Beaches" for Coastal Engineering in 2010.

During his 40 years academic life, he has been involved in some 30 consultant projects on shore protection in Australia, Brunei, Japan, Taiwan, and Thailand, published 45 papers on headland-bay beaches since 1987, and 20 papers on internal gravity waves since 2000. However, his best known achievement was parabolic model (Hsu and Evans, 1989) for headland-bay beaches in static equilibrium. This empirical model has emerged as the most promising for engineering applications, since 1999, accepted globally for project evaluation and pre-design of embayed beaches, beach nourishment projects, and verification of bay beach stability for coastal management.

Jung Lyul Lee is Professor and the Director of Beach and Shore Management Center at Sungkyunkwan University (SKKU - Suwon campus), Korea. After obtaining his PhD from the University of Florida (Gainesville) in 1993, he was appointed as a professor at SKKU in 1995. Professor Lee has taught and researched at SKKU ever since 1995. During this period, Professor Lee has supervised many research students (undergraduate, Master's and PhD) and published a large volume of papers in national and international referred journals and conference proceedings.

Professor Lee's main research interest can be summarized as follows:

Wave-current interaction, wave-structure interaction, wind wave propagation, wave deformation, and wave overtopping; Storm-surge inundation, long wave run-up and inundation, wave-induced currents, rip current generation, and oil-spill transport; Suspended sediment transport, morphological change, shoreline and beach profile change, erosion risk management, and water-quality modeling; GUI-based modeling, comprising WADEM wave deformation model, typhoon generated wind wave model, wave-permeable structure interaction model, ship wave propagation; DICEM tide/storm-surge/wave-induced current model; TICEM oil-spill, suspended sediment transport in coastal environmental model; SADEM sand deposition and erosion model; DCOM long term shoreline/depth contour change model; MeePaSoL a MATLAB-based GUI software tool for shoreline management.



Antonio Henrique da Fontoura Klein completed his PhD in Marine Sciences from the University of Algarve, Portugal in 2004. He is currently Associate Professor of the Special Oceanography Coordination in Physical and Mathematical Science Center, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC). He was a Senior Lecturer at the University of the Vale do Itajaķ in Santa Catarina State, for 16.5 years. During 20142019, he was Coordinator of the Master's Degree in Oceanography at the UFSC. He was also a Visiting Professor at Faculty of Life and Health Science, Ulster University in Northern Ireland.

Since 2007 he has been a Research Fellow from CNPQ, receiving scholarship to develop teaching and research materials at the Hanse-Wissenschaftskolleg, Germany (20062007), and for the Master's program in Coastal and Marine Engineering and Management - Erasmos Mundus at TU Delft, the Netherlands (20082009).

During his 29 years of academic career, he has organized many national and international scientific meetings, published many papers in referred journals, conference proceedings, books and book chapters, software, and supervised some 60 research students (undergraduate, Master, PhD, and Post-doc). His Google Scholar citation indices reaches 2,652.

Mauricio Gonzįlez is a Full Professor and Head of Coastal Management and Engineering Group, IHCantabria, Universidad de Cantabria, Spain.

His main area of expertise covers coastal numerical modeling, coastal processes and engineering, beach morphodynamics, coastal risk assessment and management, climate change impacts on coastal areas, coastal flooding, numerical modeling of tsunamis and tsunami risk assessment. In addition, he contributes to the development of numerical models, tools and methodologies regarding coastal hydro-morphodynamics and coastal risks, especially for Coastal Modeling System (SMC) and SMC-Brasil. He has participated in (1) more than 30 research I&D projects for the Spanish Science Program, laboratory and numerical investigation of hydro- and morphodynamics on natural and artificial beaches; (2) more than 17 I&D European Projects on Assessment, STrategy And Risk Reduction for Tsunamis in Europe; and (3) developing coastal video monitoring systems in support of coastal zone management.

He has co-authored 70 papers in scientific journals and more than 180 in international conference proceedings, participated in more than 150 international consultancy and cooperation projects in the last 15 years, for different national and international administrations and institutions, on projects related to coastal engineering and Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM), coastal erosion problems, tsunami impact assessment and coastal risk assessment among others.

Raśl Medina is Full Professor in Coastal Engineering and General Director of the Institute of Engineering Hydraulics (IHCantabria), Universidad de Cantabria, Spain since 2011. He has been PI in more than 30 projects funded by the Spanish Research Agency and European Union. He has over 190 publications, with more than 120 in refereed top-ranked journals and 14 book chapters, as well as more than 300 conference papers.

His main field of research is Ocean and Coastal Engineering. In 2014 he reached the 6th position in the world in the Ocean Engineering Research Ranking. His most recognized scientific works are those related to hydrodynamics and beach morphodynamics. In this field, he has developed numerical tools and methodologies for beach design and restoration that nowadays are being used by more than 600 institutions from 56 countries.

Professor Medina has been the coordinator or collaborated in more than 50 technology transfer projects for multilateral organizations such as The Inter-American Development Bank, United Nations Development Program or World Bank, as well as the Spanish and international governments.

He has supervised 37 PhD thesis, 9 within the last 5 years. He is also a Scientific Advisor for the Inter-American Development Bank, Reviewer of European Union Projects and several national and international scientific journals.