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E-grāmata: Healthcare Sensor Networks: Challenges Toward Practical Implementation

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  • Formāts: 462 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Apr-2016
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000755701
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  • Formāts: 462 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 19-Apr-2016
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781000755701

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Healthcare sensor networks (HSNs) now offer the possibility to continuously monitor human activity and physiological signals in a mobile environment. Such sensor networks may be able to reduce the strain on the present healthcare workforce by providing new autonomous monitoring services ranging from simple user-reminder systems to more advanced monitoring agents for preventive, diagnostic, and rehabilitative purposes. Potential services include reminding people to take their medication, providing early warning for the onset of heart attacks or epileptic seizures, and monitoring a childs physical activity in order to assess their growth and mental development.





Healthcare Sensor Networks: Challenges Toward Practical Implementation discusses the fundamental concepts in designing and building such networks. It presents the latest developments in HSNs, explores applications of the technology, and provides insights into practical design and deployment challenges. Bringing together contributions from international experts in the field, the book highlights the key areas that require further research for HSNs to become a technological and commercially viable reality.





The first part of the book concentrates on the engineering challenges, covering new biosensors, energy harvesting techniques, new wireless communication methods, and novel security approaches. Building from single sensing devices to networked sensing systems, the second part of the book looks at various health applications of HSNs. It addresses the human-centric requirements that should be considered in the design of HSN technologiescost, portability, functionality, and user acceptanceand demonstrates how engineering compromises must be made in HSN solutions.





A useful and timely resource for researchers, postgraduate students, and engineers looking for innovative solutions in healthcare, this book will also be of interest to medical and allied he
Preface vii
Editors ix
Contributors xi
1 Sensor Networks in Healthcare: A New Paradigm for Improving Future Global Health
Daniel T.H. Lai
Braveena Santhiranayagam
Rezaul K. Begg
Marimuthu Palaniswami
Introduction
1(3)
Applications of Healthcare Sensor Networks
4(2)
The Young
4(1)
Adults
5(1)
The Elderly
5(1)
Engineering and Technical Challenges
6(7)
Sensor Hardware
7(2)
Sensor Fusion Algorithms and Models
9(1)
Network Architectures and Telecommunications
9(2)
Power Management
11(1)
Security
12(1)
Actuators
12(1)
Human-Centric Challenges
13(2)
Commercialization Challenges: Barriers to Successful Implementation
15(2)
Future Work and Future Directions
17(2)
References
19(2)
2 Healthcare and Accelerometry: Applications for Activity Monitoring, Recognition, and Functional Assessment
Andrea Mannini
Angelo Maria Sabatini
Nomenclature
21(1)
Introduction
22(1)
MEMS Accelerometers
23(2)
Estimation of Body Inclination, Balance Control, and Postural Transitions
25(4)
The Sit-to-Stand Postural Transition
28(1)
Temporal and Spatial Parameters of Gait
29(1)
Walking Speed and Incline Estimation
29(1)
PDA Assessment and EE Estimation
30(3)
Human Activity Classification
33(4)
Features for Movement Classification
34(2)
Classification Methodologies
36(1)
Clinical Applications of Accelerometers
37(2)
Monitoring of Motor Fluctuations in Parkinson's Disease
38(1)
Objective Skill Evaluation for Rehabilitation
38(1)
Fall Detection
39(1)
Conclusions and Future Trends
40(1)
References
41(10)
3 Intrabody Communication Using Contact Electrodes in Low-Frequency Bands
Ken Sasaki
Fukuro Koshiji
Shudo Takenaka
Introduction
51(1)
Transmission Model
52(8)
Intrabody Communication Using Contact Electrodes
53(2)
Numerical Simulation
55(2)
Electric Field Distribution Including an Off-Body Device
57(2)
Intrabody Communication Using Capacitive Coupling
59(1)
Comments on Carrier Frequency
59(1)
Configuration and Size of Electrodes
60(12)
Configuration of Electrodes
60(6)
Spacing between Two Contact Electrodes
66(1)
Distance between the Human Body and a Circuit Board
67(1)
Transmission Characteristics of On-Body Devices
67(1)
Impedance Matching of Electrodes
68(4)
Summary
72(1)
References
72(4)
4 The Prospect of Energy-Harvesting Technologies for Healthcare Wireless Sensor Networks
Yen Kheng Tan
Introduction
76(4)
Motivation for Healthcare WSNs
76(1)
Architecture of WSNs
77(1)
The Protocol Stack of a WSN
78(1)
The Wireless Sensor Nodes of the WSN
79(1)
Problems in Powering Wireless Sensor Nodes
80(4)
High Power Consumption of Sensor Nodes
81(1)
Limits on Energy Sources for Sensor Nodes
82(2)
Energy-Harvesting Solutions for Wireless Sensor Nodes
84(12)
Overview of Energy Harvesting
85(2)
Review of Past Works on EH Systems
87(10)
Solar EH Systems
88(1)
Thermal EH Systems
89(3)
Vibration EH Systems
92(2)
Wind EH Systems
94(2)
Prospect of EH Technologies for Healthcare WSNs
96(1)
Case Study: TEH from Human Warmth for WBANs in a Medical Healthcare System (Hoang, Tan, Chng, and Panda 2009)
97(9)
TEH Structure with TEG
100(2)
Power Management Circuit
102(1)
Fall-Detection Sensor
103(2)
Experimental Test Results
105(1)
Conclusions
106(1)
References
106(6)
5 Addressing Security, Privacy and Efficiency Issues in Healthcare Systems
Kalvinder Singh
Vallipuram Muthukkumarasamy
Introduction
112(3)
Healthcare Sensor Systems
115(5)
Compatibility Issues between Different Environments
117(1)
Limitations with Power and Security
118(2)
Information Assurance, Security and Privacy Threats
120(3)
Impersonation of the User
120(1)
Impersonation of the Service
121(1)
Modification of Software
121(1)
Modification of Data
121(1)
Disclosure of Sensitive Data
121(1)
Denial of Service
122(1)
Repudiation
122(1)
Difficulty in Using Complex Technology
122(1)
Inability to Keep Track of Changing Technology
122(1)
Lack of Trust in the System
122(1)
Expectation of Reliability
123(1)
Expectation of Real-Time Communication
123(1)
Countermeasures to the Threats
123(9)
Privacy
124(1)
Mapping the Countermeasures
124(1)
Key Management
125(2)
Pairwise Key Establishment
127(1)
Random Key Establishment
127(1)
KDC Schemes
128(1)
Environment Information
129(1)
Using Physiological Data to Establish Keys
130(2)
Efficiency Issues and Experimental Evaluations
132(3)
Future Directions
135(1)
Acknowledgements
135(1)
References
135(4)
6 Flexible and Wearable Chemical Sensors for Noninvasive Biomonitoring
Hiroyuki Kudo
Kohji Mitsubayashi
Introduction
139(1)
Flexible Devices for Healthcare Networks
140(2)
Biomonitoring for Information Systems
140(1)
Flexible Devices for Biomonitoring
140(2)
Flexible Oxygen Sensors for Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitoring
142(6)
Transcutaneous Gas at Body Surfaces
142(1)
Flexible Oxygen Sensors
143(1)
Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitoring with a Flexible Oxygen Sensor
144(1)
Transcutaneous Oxygen Monitoring at the Conjunctiva
145(3)
Flexible Biosensors
148(6)
Continuous Glucose Monitoring
148(1)
Flexible Glucose Sensors
149(3)
Tear Glucose Monitoring at the Eye
152(2)
References
154(5)
7 Monitoring Walking in Health and Disease
Richard Baker
Why Monitor Walking?
159(6)
Walking for Health
159(2)
Walking with Disease
161(1)
Health Conditions Affecting Walking
162(3)
What Aspects of Health Conditions Might We Be Interested In?
165(1)
What to Monitor?
165(8)
The International Classification of Function, Disability and Health (ICF)
165(2)
Gait Analysis and Monitoring Walking
167(6)
Gait Analysis: Technology
167(2)
Gait Analysis: The Clinical Paradigm
169(2)
Gait Analysis and Monitoring Walking
171(2)
How to Monitor Walking?
173(3)
Uptimers
173(1)
Pedometers
173(1)
Accelerometers
174(1)
Gyroscopes, Magnetometers and Integrated Sensors
175(1)
Global Positioning System and Other Position Sensors
176(1)
Conclusion: Using Sensors to Monitor Walking
176(1)
References
177(6)
8 Motion Sensors in Osteoarthritis: Prospects and Issues
Tim V. Wrigley
Introduction
183(1)
Movement Analysis in OA
184(5)
Laboratory-Based Motion Measures in OA
185(3)
Net External Knee Adduction Moment
185(2)
Impact Forces
187(1)
Kinematic Differences
188(1)
Prospective Motion Sensor Technologies for Knee OA
189(9)
Motion Sensors
191(7)
Precedents and Prospects for the Use of Motion Sensors in OA
198(7)
Field-Based Motion Measures Not Derived from Laboratory Measures
205(3)
Conclusions
208(2)
References
210(12)
9 The Challenges of Monitoring Physical Activity in Children with Wearable Sensor Technologies
Gita Pendhakar
Daniel T.H. Lai
Alistair Shilton
Remco Polman
Introduction
222(2)
Why Sensor Monitoring for PA in Children?
224(1)
Challenges in Monitoring
224(6)
Hardware and Software Challenges
225(1)
Data Interpretation Challenges
226(2)
Behavioural Challenges
228(2)
Case Study on Ambulatory Gait Monitoring in Idiopathic Toe Walking Children
230(13)
Introduction
230(1)
Gait Monitoring in ITW Children
231(7)
What Is ITW?
231(1)
Causes of ITW
232(1)
Consequences of ITW
232(1)
Gait Assessment in ITW Children
232(1)
Lack of an Objective Method for Ambulatory Monitoring in ITW
233(1)
Challenges in Ambulatory Monitoring of the Gait in ITW Children
233(4)
Differences in Gait Features in Toe Walking and Normal Stride
237(1)
Experiments, Algorithm Development and Statistical Analysis
238(1)
Acceleration Measurement Methods
238(1)
Algorithm Development for Identifying Strides
239(1)
Development of a Miniature System Using Sensors to Monitor and Assess the Gait in ITW Children Remotely
239(3)
Hardware Description
241(1)
Analogue Output Connector
241(1)
Battery Charger
242(1)
External On/Off Switch
242(1)
Serial RS
S232
Interface
242(1)
Case Study Conclusion
242(1)
Conclusion
243(1)
References
243(5)
10 Ambulatory and Remote Monitoring of Parkinson's Disease Motor Symptoms
Joseph P. Giuffrida
Edward J. Rapp
Introduction to Parkinson's Disease
248(5)
Clinically Driven Design Input Specifications
253(5)
Patient Characteristics
253(3)
Clinician Characteristics
256(2)
Technology Development
258(8)
Finger-Worn Motion Sensor Unit
259(2)
Wrist-Worn Command Module
261(2)
Wireless Data Telemetry
263(1)
Software Development
264(1)
Human Factors
265(1)
Test Engineering
265(1)
System Validation to Clinical Standards
266(10)
Automated Tremor Assessment Compared to the Clinical Standard
267(5)
Automated Bradykinesia Assessment Compared to the Clinical Standard
272(2)
Quantitative and Independent Bradykinesia Feature Extraction
274(1)
Patient Acceptance
275(1)
Challenges to Widespread Clinical Use
276(3)
Support and Acknowledgements
279(1)
References
279(4)
11 Nocturnal Sensing and Intervention for Assisted Living of People with Dementia
Paul J. McCullagh
William M.A. Carswell
Maurice D. Mulvenna
Juan C. Augusto
Huiru Zheng
W. Paul Jeffers
Introduction
283(1)
Overview of Sensing in Healthcare
284(4)
Peculiarities of Nocturnal Sensing and Interventions
288(3)
NOCTURNAL Sensing/Intervention Platform
291(4)
Addressing User Acceptance
295(2)
Conclusions
297(1)
Acknowledgements
297(1)
References
298(6)
12 Experiences in Developing a Wearable Gait Assistant for Parkinson's Disease Patients
Marc Bachlin
Daniel Roggen
Meir Plotnik
Jeffrey M. Hausdorff
Gerhard Truster
Introduction
304(5)
Freezing of Gait
304(1)
Limitations of Pharmacological FOG Treatment
305(1)
The State of the Art in FOG Treatment
305(1)
Personal Health Assistant
306(1)
Initial Insight and Our Contribution
307(2)
Technological Evaluation
309(3)
Identification of Potential Sensor Modalities
309(2)
Sensor Selection
311(1)
Laboratory Prototype
312(6)
The Wearable Computer
313(1)
Context Sensors and Annotation
314(1)
Prototyping of Context-Aware Applications
315(1)
Platform Adaptation for an FOG Assistant
316(2)
Sensor Selection, Configuration and Placement
318(1)
Online Context Recognition of Freeze
318(1)
User Feedback
318(1)
Controlled Clinical Proof-of-Concept Study
318(8)
Organizational Steps
320(1)
Participants
321(1)
Validation Protocol
321(2)
Technical Validation Results
323(1)
Subjective Validation Results
324(2)
Lessons Learned and Future Steps
326(6)
Future Steps
331(1)
Conclusion
332(2)
References
334(5)
13 Designing a Low-Cost ECG Sensor and Monitor: Practical Considerations and Measures
Ahsan H. Khandoker
Brian A. Walker
Introduction
339(2)
ECG Signals and Diagnosis
341(3)
Design and Construction of ECG Electrodes
344(1)
Electrode Placement
345(2)
The ECG Amplifier: How It Works
347(2)
The Need for an Instrumentation Amplifier
349(2)
The Front End
351(2)
Filtering
353(2)
Automatic Gain Control
355(1)
USB Interfacing
356(1)
USB Configuration and Communication
357(2)
USB Interface Hardware and Device Detection
359(2)
Firmware Operation
361(1)
Displaying the ECG Signals on an PDA or Mobile Phone
362(5)
Discussion and Conclusion
367(2)
References
369(6)
14 Sensors, Monitoring and Model-Based Data Analysis in Sports, Exercise and Rehabilitation
Jurgen Perl
Daniel Memmert
Arnold Baca
Stefan Endler
Andreas Grunz
Mirjam Rebel
Andrea Schmidt
Introduction
375(1)
Data Monitoring
376(5)
Position-Detection Sensors and Devices
376(1)
Motion-Detection Sensors and Devices
377(1)
Force Sensors
378(1)
Physiological Sensors and Devices
379(1)
Sensor Networks for Monitoring Physical Activity
379(2)
Model-Based Simulation
381(3)
Neural Network-Based Process Analysis
384(10)
Neural Network-Based Motor Analysis
385(6)
Neural Network-Based Analysis of Game Tactics
391(3)
Net-Based Analysis of Rehabilitation Processes
394(7)
Case Study
396(5)
Conclusion and Outlook
401(1)
References
402(6)
15 Robust Monitoring of Sport and Exercise
Andrew J. Wixted
Introduction
408(1)
Current Sports Monitoring Systems: The Systems, Their Users, Their Outputs and Issues
409(3)
Current Monitoring Systems
409(1)
The Data Consumer
409(1)
The Core Monitor Outputs
410(1)
Issues for Monitoring Systems
411(1)
Sports Monitoring Research: The Purpose and Example Projects
412(4)
Purpose of Research Monitoring
412(1)
Examples of Research Monitoring Projects
413(3)
Sensors for Sports Monitoring: The Sensors, Their Outputs, Their Limitations and Their Uses
416(6)
Sensor Devices
416(1)
Using MEMS Sensor Outputs for Monitoring Sport and Exercise
417(1)
Useful Outputs from Accelerometers
417(1)
Useful Outputs from Gyroscopes
418(1)
Limitations of MEMS Accelerometers and Rate Gyroscopes
418(2)
Sensor Limits
419(1)
Utilizing Accelerometer Outputs in Sport Monitoring
420(2)
Orientation
420(1)
Frequency
421(1)
Consistent Repetitive Action
421(1)
Other Useful Outputs of MEMS Inertial Sensors
422(1)
Signal Processing for Sports Monitoring: Tools and Techniques for Extracting Information from Sensor Outputs
422(5)
Analysis Tools
422(4)
Kalman Filters and Neural Networks
426(1)
Sensor Hardware, Synchronization, Networking and Mounting: Putting It All Together
427(4)
Sensor Hardware
427(1)
Sensor Synchronization
428(1)
Sensor Networking
429(1)
Sensors on Athletes
430(1)
Current and Future Research
431(1)
Summary
432(1)
References
433(4)
Index 437
Dr. Daniel T.H. Lai received his bachelor of electrical and computer systems engineering (Hons) and PhD in electrical and computer systems from Monash University, Melbourne, Australia. He was a postdoctoral research fellow at the University of Melbourne and Victoria University (2007-2010). He is currently with the Faculty of Health, Engineering and Science at Victoria University (2011). His research interests include computational intelligence and sensor network technology for healthcare and sports applications. This involves the design of new noninvasive and proactive sensing technologies capable of detecting, diagnosing, and predicting health risks. He has more than 50 peer-reviewed publications and is a current reviewer for several international journals, including IEEE Transactions of Information Technology and Biomedicine, Journal of Biomechanics, and Sensors and Actuators. He is also actively involved in the organization of several workshops and international conferences.





Prof. Rezaul K. Begg received his BSc and MSc Eng degrees in electrical and electronic engineering from Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology (BUET), Dhaka, and his PhD in biomedical engineering from the University of Aberdeen, UK. Currently he is a Professor within the Biomechanics Unit at Victoria University, Melbourne, Australia. Previously, he worked with the University of Aberdeen, Deakin University, and BUET. His research interests are in biomedical engineering, gait biomechanics, and machine learning. He has published more than 160 research papers in these areas. He is on the editorial board for several international journals and regularly reviews submissions for more than 15 international journals. He has also been actively involved in organizing a number of major international conferences. He has received several awards for academic excellence, including the ICISIP 2005 Best Paper Award, the Vice C