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E-grāmata: Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters: Strategies, Opportunities, and Planning for Recovery

  • Formāts: 504 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Sep-2015
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309316200
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  • Formāts: 504 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 10-Sep-2015
  • Izdevniecība: National Academies Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780309316200

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In the devastation that follows a major disaster, there is a need for multiple sectors to unite and devote new resources to support the rebuilding of infrastructure, the provision of health and social services, the restoration of care delivery systems, and other critical recovery needs. In some cases, billions of dollars from public, private and charitable sources are invested to help communities recover. National rhetoric often characterizes these efforts as a "return to normal." But for many American communities, pre-disaster conditions are far from optimal. Large segments of the U.S. population suffer from preventable health problems, experience inequitable access to services, and rely on overburdened health systems. A return to pre-event conditions in such cases may be short-sighted given the high costs - both economic and social - of poor health. Instead, it is important to understand that the disaster recovery process offers a series of unique and valuable opportunities to improve on the status quo. Capitalizing on these opportunities can advance the long-term health, resilience, and sustainability of communities - thereby better preparing them for future challenges.



Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters identifies and recommends recovery practices and novel programs most likely to impact overall community public health and contribute to resiliency for future incidents. This book makes the case that disaster recovery should be guided by a healthy community vision, where health considerations are integrated into all aspects of recovery planning before and after a disaster, and funding streams are leveraged in a coordinated manner and applied to health improvement priorities in order to meet human recovery needs and create healthy built and natural environments. The conceptual framework presented in Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters lays the groundwork to achieve this goal and provides operational guidance for multiple sectors involved in community planning and disaster recovery.



Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities After Disasters calls for actions at multiple levels to facilitate recovery strategies that optimize community health. With a shared healthy community vision, strategic planning that prioritizes health, and coordinated implementation, disaster recovery can result in a communities that are healthier, more livable places for current and future generations to grow and thrive - communities that are better prepared for future adversities.

Table of Contents



Front Matter Abstract Summary PART I: A HEALTHY COMMUNITY APPROACH TO DISASTER RECOVERY 1 Introduction 2 Post-Disaster Opportunities to Advance Healthy, Resilient, and Sustainable Communities 3 A Framework for Integrating Health into Recovery Planning 4 Leveraging Recovery Resources in a Coordinated Manner to Achieve Healthier Post-Disaster Communities PART II: OPERATIONAL GUIDANCE TO SUPPORT A HEALTHY COMMUNITY APPROACH TO DISASTER RECOVERY 5 Public Health 6 Health Care 7 Behavioral Health 8 Social Services 9 Place-Based Recovery Strategies for Healthy Communities 10 Healthy Housing PART III: APPENDIXES Appendix A: The Federal Policy Environment Influencing Disaster Recovery Appendix B: Disaster Recovery Funding: Achieving a Resilient Future? Appendix C: Additional Resources Appendix D: Measures and Tools for Healthy Communities Appendix E: Committee-Identified Research Needs Appendix F: Key to Select Terms Used to Describe Primary Actors and Key Partners in Chapter 510 Checklists Appendix G: Public Committee Meeting Agendas Appendix H: Committee Biosketches
Abstract 1(2)
Summary 3(20)
Part I: A Healthy Community Approach To Disaster Recovery
1 Introduction
23(24)
Charge to the Committee
29(2)
Approach to Addressing the Charge
31(3)
Scope of the Study
31(1)
Report Audiences
32(1)
Study Approach
32(1)
Guiding Principles
33(1)
Disaster Recovery in the Context of Comprehensive Risk Management
34(2)
The Current Policy Context for Health-Focused Recovery: Why Now?
36(4)
The Changing Disaster Policy Landscape
37(3)
The Changing Health Policy Landscape
40(1)
How This Report Is Intended to Be Used
40(2)
References
42(5)
2 Post-Disaster Opportunities To Advance Healthy, Resilient, And Sustainable Communities
47(26)
What Is a Healthy Community?
49(3)
Determinants of Health
49(1)
Elements of a Healthy Community
50(2)
Equity, Resilience, Sustainability, and Health in the Post-Disaster Context
52(6)
Equity
52(2)
Resilience
54(1)
Sustainability
55(1)
The Need for an Explicit Focus on Health
56(2)
The Need for an Integrated Approach
58(9)
Communities as Systems
60(2)
A Health in All Policies Approach to Disaster Recovery
62(5)
Research Needs
67(1)
Summary of Findings
68(1)
References
69(4)
3 A Framework For Integrating Health Into Recovery Planning
73(44)
The Strategic Planning Process as a Framework
73(8)
Building on Previous Strategic Planning Processes
74(7)
A Healthy, Resilient, Sustainable Community Vision for Disaster Recovery
81(3)
The Critical Role of a Vision
81(1)
The Importance of Having a Vision and Goals in Place Before a Disaster
81(2)
Creating a Shared Vision as a First Step in Engaging the Public in Disaster Recovery
83(1)
Assessments to Inform Recovery Planning
84(2)
Community Health Assessments
84(1)
Threat and Hazard Identification and Risk Assessments
85(1)
Disaster Impact Assessments
86(1)
Planning for Recovery
86(19)
Organizing for an Integrated Approach
86(15)
Using Health-Related Information to Inform Recovery Decision Making
101(4)
Implementation
105(2)
Seeking and Applying Recovery Resources
105(1)
Creating a Learning System
106(1)
Research Needs
107(1)
Summary of Findings and Recommendations
107(5)
References
112(5)
4 Leveraging Recovery Resources In A Coordinated Manner To Achieve Healthier Post-Disaster Communities
117(32)
Resource Implications of Disaster Declarations
117(2)
Federal Recovery Programs and Their Applications to Health Recovery
119(7)
FEMA Funding Programs Authorized Under the Stafford Act
119(3)
Federal Block Grant Programs for Disaster Recovery
122(3)
Other Federal Recovery Funding Programs
125(1)
Nonfederal Resources for Recovery
126(3)
Private-Sector Resources
126(1)
Nonprofit and Philanthropic Resources
127(2)
State and Local Government Funding Mechanisms
129(1)
Funding Pathways
129(1)
Challenges in Applying Funding to the Creation of Healthy Communities
130(3)
Limited Pre-Disaster Recovery Planning Resources
130(2)
Challenges in the Post-Disaster Context
132(1)
Overcoming Barriers to Coordination of Funding to Support a Healthy Community Approach to Recovery
133(3)
Technical Requirements
134(1)
Financial Incentives
134(2)
Summary of Findings and Recommendation
136(1)
Annex 4-1: Funding for Disaster Recovery
137(6)
References
143(6)
Part II: Operational Guidance To Support A Healthy Community Approach To Disaster Recovery
5 Public Health
149(44)
Public Health in the Context of a Healthy Community
150(1)
Disaster-Related Public Health Challenges
151(1)
Public Health Sector Organization and Resources
152(12)
The Federal Public Health Enterprise
152(3)
State and Local Health Departments
155(5)
Public Health Partners for Healthier Post-Disaster Communities
160(4)
Pre-Disaster Public Health Sector Priorities
164(8)
Conduct Community Health Assessments
165(1)
Engage Community Stakeholders in Pre-Disaster Community Health Improvement and Recovery Planning
166(1)
Ensure That Public Health Community Programs and Services Are Integrated into Healthy Community and Disaster Recovery Planning Processes
167(3)
Leverage Pre-Disaster Preparedness Activities in Recovery Planning
170(2)
The Continuum of Post-Disaster Public Health Response and Recovery Priorities
172(1)
Early Post-Disaster Public Health Recovery Priorities
173(3)
Participating in a Shared Communication Effort
173(1)
Conducting Impact Assessments on the Community's Health and Medical Needs
173(1)
Reestablishing Critical Public Health Infrastructure
174(1)
Delivering Public Health Services to Meet Post-Disaster Needs of the Community
174(1)
Providing Support to Impacted Health Care Delivery Systems
175(1)
Intermediate- to Long-Term Recovery: Opportunities to Advance Healthier and More Resilient and Sustainable Communities
176(3)
Facilitating Health-Informed Recovery Decision Making Through Data
176(1)
Engaging in Health-Informed Community Rebuilding and Redevelopment Planning
177(1)
Sharing Lessons Learned with Other Communities to Improve Disaster Recovery Planning
178(1)
Research Needs
179(1)
Summary of Findings and Conclusions
179(1)
Public Health Sector Recovery Checklist
180(10)
References
190(3)
6 Health Care
193(50)
Health Care in the Context of a Healthy Community
194(2)
Disaster-Related Health Care Challenges
196(1)
Health Care Sector Organization and Resources
197(9)
Federal Level
197(5)
Regional, State, and Local Levels
202(4)
Pre-Disaster Health Care Sector Priorities
206(8)
Assessing the Capacity and Vulnerability of the Health Care System
207(1)
Establishing, Sustaining, and Exercising Health Care Coalitions and Other Coordinating Groups
208(1)
Developing Continuity of Operations and Recovery Plans
209(3)
Establishing a Resilient Health Information Technology System
212(2)
Early Post-Disaster Health Care Recovery Priorities
214(4)
Conducting Post-Disaster Assessments
214(1)
Restoring Care Delivery Infrastructure and Services
215(1)
Ensuring Availability of the Required Medical Workforce
216(2)
Intermediate- to Long-Term Recovery: Opportunities to Advance Healthier and More Resilient and Sustainable Communities
218(5)
Rebuilding Health Care Facilities After Disasters for Increased Resilience and Sustainability
218(1)
Improving Health Care System Access and Quality of Care
219(4)
Research Needs
223(1)
Summary of Findings and Recommendation
224(4)
Health Care Sector Recovery Checklist
228(10)
References
238(5)
7 Behavioral Health
243(44)
Behavioral Health in the Context of a Healthy Community
244(1)
Disaster-Related Behavioral Health Challenges
245(2)
Behavioral Health Sector Organization and Resources
247(10)
Federal Level
248(4)
National-Level Nongovernmental Resources
252(1)
State Level
252(1)
Local Level
253(2)
Challenges to Coordination and Integrated Planning
255(2)
Pre-Disaster Behavioral Health Sector Priorities
257(1)
Strengthening the Existing System with Day-to-Day Responsibility for Promoting Behavioral Health and Delivering Behavioral Health Services
257(1)
Engaging in Disaster Preparedness and Recovery Planning Activities
257(1)
The Continuum of Post-Disaster Behavioral Health Interventions
258(8)
Delivering Early Behavioral Health Interventions
260(1)
Providing Ongoing Psychosocial Support
261(2)
Identifying and Treating Behavioral Health Disorders
263(3)
Special Considerations for Vulnerable Populations
266(2)
Children and Youth
266(1)
Community Members with Preexisting Behavioral Health Disorders
266(2)
Responders, Care Providers, and Recovery Workers
268(1)
Building a More Resilient and Sustainable Behavioral Health Sector
268(1)
Research Needs
269(1)
Summary of Findings and Recommendation
270(2)
Behavioral Health Sector Recovery Checklist
272(8)
References
280(7)
8 Social Services
287(36)
Social Services in the Context of a Healthy Community
288(1)
Disaster-Related Social Services Challenges
289(2)
Social Services Sector Organization and Resources
291(4)
Federal Level
291(2)
State and Local Levels
293(1)
Cross-Sector Collaboration
293(2)
Pre-Disaster Social Services Sector Priorities
295(5)
Establishing Forums for Coordination and Collaboration Before and After Disasters
295(1)
Establishing Mechanisms to Facilitate Record and Information Sharing After Disasters
296(1)
Planning for Fluctuations in Social Services Workforce Needs
297(3)
The Continuum of Post-Disaster Social Services Interventions
300(1)
Early Post-Disaster Social Services Recovery Priorities
300(3)
Meeting Basic Human Needs
300(2)
Initiating Disaster Case Management
302(1)
Providing Psychosocial/Behavioral Health Support for Survivors
302(1)
Intermediate- to Long-Term Recovery Priorities
303(2)
Providing Ongoing Psychosocial Support
303(1)
Building Client Self-Sufficiency and Managing Chronic Medical Conditions
304(1)
Special Considerations for Children and the Elderly
305(3)
Children and Youth
306(1)
The Elderly
307(1)
Building a More Resilient and Sustainable Social Services Sector
308(1)
Research Needs
308(1)
Summary of Findings and Recommendation
309(1)
Social Services Sector Recovery Checklist
309(11)
References
320(3)
9 Place-Based Recovery Strategies For Healthy Communities
323(46)
A Systems View of a Healthy Community
325(6)
The Impact of Place on Health
325(3)
A Systems Approach for Health Improvement
328(1)
Contemporary Approaches to Healthier and More Resilient and Sustainable Communities
329(2)
Disaster Impacts on Community Systems: Implications for Health and Recovery
331(1)
Organizational Structures and Resources for Healthy Community Planning and Redevelopment
332(6)
Federal Level
332(2)
State and Regional Levels
334(1)
Local Level
335(1)
Nonprofits, Philanthropies, and the Private Sector
335(1)
Collaboration and Coordination
336(2)
Pre-Disaster Priorities
338(2)
Creating a Healthy Community Vision for Recovery
338(1)
Organizing for Disaster Recovery Planning
338(1)
Conducting Vulnerability and Capacity Assessments
339(1)
Early Post-Disaster Recovery Priorities
340(2)
Assessing Disaster Impacts on Community Systems
340(1)
Restoring Critical Infrastructure and Remediating Immediate Health Threats
341(1)
Intermediate- to Long-Term Recovery: Opportunities to Advance Healthier and More Resilient and Sustainable Communities
342(13)
Developing Transportation and Land Use Strategies
343(1)
Developing Community Development Strategies
343(3)
Developing Environment Management Strategies
346(2)
Incorporating Hazard Mitigation, Resilience, and Sustainability Planning
348(2)
Complementary Approaches
350(5)
Research Needs
355(1)
Summary of Findings and Recommendations
355(1)
Place-Based Recovery Strategies Checklist
356(8)
References
364(5)
10 Healthy Housing
369(46)
Housing in the Context of a Healthy Community
370(3)
Housing Standards That Promote Health
371(1)
Green Housing Standards and Health
372(1)
Disaster-Related Housing Challenges
373(2)
Disaster-Related Health Hazards
373(1)
Strain on Capacity
374(1)
Displacement and the Need for Healthy Temporary Housing
374(1)
Loss of Affordable Housing
375(1)
Housing Sector Organization and Resources
375(5)
Federal Level
376(1)
State and Local Levels
377(1)
Nongovernmental and Philanthropic Organizations
378(1)
Private Businesses
378(1)
Partnering Organizations and Cross-Sector Collaboration
378(1)
Engaging the Community in Housing Recovery
379(1)
Pre-Disaster Housing Sector Priorities
380(2)
Establishing a Disaster Housing Task Force
380(1)
Conducting Vulnerability and Capacity Assessments
380(2)
Planning for Siting of Temporary Housing
382(1)
Early Post-Disaster Housing Recovery Priorities
382(8)
Assessing Housing Needs
384(1)
Preventing Unnecessary Displacement
384(1)
Protecting Homeowners and Recovery Workers Against Health Risks
385(1)
Providing Short- and Long-Term Temporary Housing That Meets Health and Human Service Needs
386(4)
Special Considerations for Vulnerable Populations
390(1)
Survivors with Disabilities and Special Medical Needs
390(1)
The Homeless
390(1)
Intermediate- to Long-Term Recovery: Opportunities to Advance Healthier and More Resilient and Sustainable Communities
391(6)
Incentivizing the Use of Green and Healthy Housing Standards
393(2)
Strengthening the Resiliency of Housing
395(1)
Ensuring Adequate Affordable Healthy Housing
395(1)
Providing Financial Incentives
396(1)
Research Needs
397(1)
Summary of Findings and Recommendation
397(1)
Housing Sector Recovery Checklist
397(9)
References
406
Part III: Appendixes
A The Federal Policy Environment Influencing Disaster Recovery
415(6)
B Disaster Recovery Funding: Achieving a Resilient Future?
421(22)
C Additional Resources
443(4)
D Measures and Tools for Healthy Communities
447(4)
E Committee-Identified Research Needs
451(4)
F Key to Select Terms Used to Describe Primary Actors and Key Partners in
Chapter 5-10 Checklists
455(2)
G Public Committee Meeting Agendas
457(12)
H Committee Biosketches
469