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Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating, and Thermal Design, Fourth Edition 4th edition [Hardback]

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(Kasetsart University, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus, Thailand), (University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA), (TOBB University of Economics and Technology, Ankara, Turkey)
  • Formāts: Hardback, 546 pages, height x width: 254x178 mm, weight: 1165 g, 83 Tables, black and white; 143 Line drawings, black and white; 15 Halftones, black and white; 158 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-Feb-2020
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138601861
  • ISBN-13: 9781138601864
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Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating, and Thermal Design, Fourth Edition 4th editionPalielināt
  • Formāts: Hardback, 546 pages, height x width: 254x178 mm, weight: 1165 g, 83 Tables, black and white; 143 Line drawings, black and white; 15 Halftones, black and white; 158 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 05-Feb-2020
  • Izdevniecība: CRC Press
  • ISBN-10: 1138601861
  • ISBN-13: 9781138601864
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Heat exchangers are essential in a wide range of engineering applications, including power plants, automobiles, airplanes, process and chemical industries, and heating, air-conditioning, and refrigeration systems. Revised and fully updated with new problem sets, Heat Exchangers: Selection, Rating, and Thermal Design, Fourth Edition presents a systematic treatment of heat exchangers, focusing on selection, thermal-hydraulic design, and rating.

Topics discussed include

  • Classification of heat exchangers

  • Basic design methods of heat exchangers for sizing and rating problems

  • Single-phase forced convection correlations for heat exchangers

  • Pressure drop and pumping power for heat exchangers and piping circuits

  • Design methods of heat exchangers subject to fouling

  • Thermal design methods and processes for double-pipe, shell-and-tube, gasketed-plate, compact, and polymer heat exchangers

  • Two-phase convection correlations for heat exchangers

  • Thermal design of condensers and evaporators

  • Micro/nanoheat transfer

The Fourth Edition contains updated information about microscale heat exchangers and the enhancement heat transfer for applications to heat exchanger design and experiment with nanofluids. The Fourth Edition is designed for courses/modules in process heat transfer, thermal systems design, and heat exchanger technology. This text includes full coverage of all widely used heat exchanger types. A complete solutions manual and figure slides of the text’s illustrations are available for qualified adopting instructors.

Preface xv
1 Classification of Heat Exchangers
1(28)
1.1 Introduction
1(1)
1.2 Recuperation and Regeneration
1(4)
1.3 Transfer Processes
5(1)
1.4 Geometry of Construction
6(14)
1.4.1 Tubular Heat Exchangers
7(1)
1.4.1.1 Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers
8(1)
1.4.1.2 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
8(2)
1.4.1.3 Spiral-Tube Heat Exchangers
10(1)
1.4.2 Plate Heat Exchangers
10(1)
1.4.2.1 Gasketed Plate Heat Exchangers
11(1)
1.4.2.2 Spiral Plate Heat Exchangers
11(2)
1.4.2.3 Lamella Heat Exchangers
13(2)
1.4.3 Extended Surface Heat Exchangers
15(1)
1.4.3.1 Plate-Fin Heat Exchanger
15(5)
1.5 Heat Transfer Mechanisms
20(1)
1.6 Flow Arrangements
21(1)
1.7 Applications
22(2)
1.8 Selection of Heat Exchangers
24(5)
References
26(3)
2 Basic Design Methods of Heat Exchangers
29(40)
2.1 Introduction
29(1)
2.2 Arrangement of Flow Paths in Heat Exchangers
29(1)
2.3 Basic Equations in Design
29(4)
2.4 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
33(4)
2.5 LMTD Method for Heat Exchanger Analysis
37(11)
2.5.1 Parallel- and Counterflow Heat Exchangers
37(4)
2.5.2 Multipass and Crossflow Heat Exchangers
41(7)
2.6 The e-NTU Method for Heat Exchanger Analysis
48(9)
2.7 Heat Exchanger Design Calculation
57(1)
2.8 Variable Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
58(2)
2.9 Heat Exchanger Design Methodology
60(9)
Nomenclature
63(5)
References
68(1)
3 Forced Convection Correlations for the Single-Phase Side of Heat Exchangers
69(40)
3.1 Introduction
69(2)
3.2 Laminar Forced Convection
71(4)
3.2.1 Hydrodynamically Developed and Thermally Developing Laminar Flow in Smooth Circular Ducts
71(1)
3.2.2 Simultaneously Developing Laminar Flow in Smooth Ducts
72(1)
3.2.3 Laminar Flow through Concentric Annular Smooth Ducts
73(2)
3.3 Effect of Variable Physical Properties
75(5)
3.3.1 Laminar Flow of Liquids
76(2)
3.3.2 Laminar Flow of Gases
78(2)
3.4 Turbulent Forced Convection
80(3)
3.5 Turbulent Flow in Smooth Straight Noncircular Ducts
83(4)
3.6 Effect of Variable Physical Properties in Turbulent Forced Convection
87(3)
3.6.1 Turbulent Liquid Flow in Ducts
87(1)
3.6.2 Turbulent Gas Flow in Ducts
88(2)
3.7 Summary of Forced Convection in Straight Ducts
90(3)
3.8 Heat Transfer from Smooth-Tube Bundles
93(4)
3.9 Heat Transfer in Helical Coils and Spirals
97(2)
3.9.1 Nusselt Numbers of Helical Coils---Laminar Flow
98(1)
3.9.2 Nusselt Numbers for Spiral Coils---Laminar Flow
98(1)
3.9.3 Nusselt Numbers for Helical Coils---Turbulent Flow
99(1)
3.10 Heat Transfer in Bends
99(10)
3.10.1 Heat Transfer in 90° Bends
100(1)
3.10.2 Heat Transfer in 180° Bends
101(1)
Nomenclature
102(4)
References
106(3)
4 Heat Exchanger Pressure Drop and Pumping Power
109(24)
4.1 Introduction
109(1)
4.2 Tube-Side Pressure Drop
109(5)
4.2.1 Circular Cross-Sectional Tubes
109(3)
4.2.2 Noncircular Cross-Sectional Ducts
112(2)
4.3 Pressure Drop in Tube Bundles in Crossflow
114(2)
4.4 Pressure Drop in Helical and Spiral Coils
116(2)
4.4.1 Helical Coils---Laminar Flow
116(1)
4.4.2 Spiral Coils---Laminar Flow
117(1)
4.4.3 Helical Coils---Turbulent Flow
117(1)
4.4.4 Spiral Coils---Turbulent Flow
118(1)
4.5 Pressure Drop in Bends and Fittings
118(6)
4.5.1 Pressure Drop in Bends
118(2)
4.5.2 Pressure Drop in Fittings
120(4)
4.6 Pressure Drop for Abrupt Contraction, Expansion, and Momentum Change
124(1)
4.7 Heat Transfer and Pumping Power Relationship
125(8)
Nomenclature
127(4)
References
131(2)
5 Micro/Nano Heat Transfer
133(72)
5.1 Part A---Heat Transfer for Gaseous and Liquid Flow in Microchannels
133(28)
5.1.1 Introduction of Heat Transfer in Microchannels
133(1)
5.1.2 Fundamentals of Gaseous Flow in Microchannels
134(1)
5.1.2.1 Knudsen Number
134(1)
5.1.2.2 Slip Velocity
135(1)
5.1.2.3 Temperature Jump
136(1)
5.1.2.4 Brinkman Number
137(1)
5.1.3 Engineering Applications for Gas Flow
138(1)
5.1.3.1 Heat Transfer in Gas Flow
139(4)
5.1.3.2 Friction Factor
143(3)
5.1.3.3 Laminar to Turbulent Transition Regime
146(3)
5.1.4 Engineering Applications of Single-Phase Liquid Flow in Microchannels
149(2)
5.1.4.1 Nusselt Number and Friction Factor Correlations for Single-Phase Liquid Flow
151(5)
5.1.4.2 Roughness Effect on Friction Factor
156(1)
5.1.5 Engineering Application of MicroChannel Heat Exchangers
157(1)
5.1.5.1 MicroChannel Heat Exchanger Theoretical Study
158(2)
5.1.5.2 MicroChannel Heat Exchanger Fabrication
160(1)
5.2 Part B---Single-Phase Convective Heat Transfer with Nanofluids
161(44)
5.2.1 Introduction of Convective Heat Transfer with Nanofluids
161(1)
5.2.1.1 Particle Materials and Base Fluids
161(1)
5.2.1.2 Particle Size and Shape
162(1)
5.2.1.3 Nanofluid Preparation Methods
162(1)
5.2.2 Thermal Conductivity of Nanofluids
163(1)
5.2.2.1 Classical Models
163(2)
5.2.2.2 Brownian Motion of Nanoparticles
165(2)
5.2.2.3 Clustering of Nanoparticles
167(2)
5.2.2.4 Liquid Layering around Nanoparticles
169(6)
5.2.3 Thermal Conductivity Experimental Studies of Nanofluids
175(3)
5.2.4 Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids
178(4)
5.2.5 Analysis of Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids
182(1)
5.2.5.1 Constant Wall Heat Flux Boundary Condition
183(1)
5.2.5.2 Constant Wall Temperature Boundary Condition
184(1)
5.2.6 Experimental Correlations of Convective Heat Transfer of Nanofluids
185(7)
Nomenclature
192(4)
References
196(9)
6 Fouling of Heat Exchangers
205(30)
6.1 Introduction
205(1)
6.2 Basic Considerations
205(2)
6.3 Effects of Fouling
207(4)
6.3.1 Effect of Fouling on Heat Transfer
207(1)
6.3.2 Effect of Fouling on Pressure Drop
208(2)
6.3.3 Cost of Fouling
210(1)
6.4 Aspects of Fouling
211(5)
6.4.1 Categories of Fouling
211(1)
6.4.1.1 Particulate Fouling
211(1)
6.4.1.2 Crystallization Fouling
211(1)
6.4.1.3 Corrosion Fouling
212(1)
6.4.1.4 Biofouling
212(1)
6.4.1.5 Chemical Reaction Fouling
212(1)
6.4.2 Fundamental Processes of Fouling
212(1)
6.4.2.1 Initiation
212(1)
6.4.2.2 Transport
213(1)
6.4.2.3 Attachment
213(1)
6.4.2.4 Removal
213(1)
6.4.2.5 Aging
214(1)
6.4.3 Prediction of Fouling
214(2)
6.5 Design of Heat Exchangers Subject to Fouling
216(10)
6.5.1 Fouling Resistance
216(4)
6.5.2 Cleanliness Factor
220(1)
6.5.3 Percent over Surface
221(5)
6.6 Operations of Heat Exchangers Subject to Fouling
226(1)
6.7 Techniques to Control Fouling
227(8)
6.7.1 Surface Cleaning Techniques
228(1)
6.7.1.1 Continuous Cleaning
228(1)
6.7.1.2 Periodic Cleaning
228(1)
6.7.2 Additives
228(1)
6.7.2.1 Crystallization Fouling
228(1)
6.7.2.2 Particulate Fouling
228(1)
6.7.2.3 Biological Fouling
228(1)
6.7.2.4 Corrosion Fouling
229(1)
Nomenclature
229(3)
References
232(3)
7 Double-Pipe Heat Exchangers
235(30)
7.1 Introduction
235(3)
7.2 Thermal and Hydraulic Design of Inner Tube
238(1)
7.3 Thermal and Hydraulic Analysis of Annulus
239(12)
7.3.1 Hairpin Heat Exchanger with Bare Inner Tube
239(4)
7.3.2 Hairpin Heat Exchangers with Multitube Finned Inner Tubes
243(8)
7.4 Parallel-Series Arrangements of Hairpins
251(2)
7.5 Total Pressure Drop
253(1)
7.6 Design and Operational Features
254(11)
Nomenclature
257(6)
References
263(2)
8 Design Correlations for Condensers and Evaporators
265(46)
8.1 Introduction
265(1)
8.2 Condensation
265(1)
8.3 Film Condensation on a Single Tube
266(3)
8.3.1 Laminar Film Condensation
266(1)
8.3.2 Forced Convection
267(2)
8.4 Film Condensation in Tube Bundles
269(8)
8.4.1 Effect of Condensate Inundation
270(3)
8.4.2 Effect of Vapor Shear
273(1)
8.4.3 Combined Effects of Inundation and Vapor Shear
273(4)
8.5 Condensation inside Tubes
277(7)
8.5.1 Condensation inside Horizontal Tubes
277(4)
8.5.2 Condensation inside Vertical Tubes
281(3)
8.6 Flow Boiling
284(27)
8.6.1 Subcooled Boiling
284(1)
8.6.2 Flow Pattern
285(3)
8.6.3 Flow Boiling Correlations
288(15)
Nomenclature
303(3)
References
306(5)
9 Shell-and-Tube Heat Exchangers
311(56)
9.1 Introduction
311(1)
9.2 Basic Components
311(15)
9.2.1 Shell Types
311(2)
9.2.2 Tube Bundle Types
313(2)
9.2.3 Tubes and Tube Passes
315(4)
9.2.4 Tube Layout
319(4)
9.2.5 Baffle Type and Geometry
323(2)
9.2.6 Allocation of Streams
325(1)
9.3 Basic Design Procedure of a Heat Exchanger
326(7)
9.3.1 Preliminary Estimation of Unit Size
327(5)
9.3.2 Rating of the Preliminary Design
332(1)
9.4 Shell-Side Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop
333(34)
9.4.1 Shell-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient
334(1)
9.4.2 Shell-Side Pressure Drop
335(1)
9.4.3 Tube-Side Pressure Drop
336(4)
9.4.4 Bell-Delaware Method
340(2)
9.4.4.1 Shell-Side Heat Transfer Coefficient
342(8)
9.4.4.2 Shell-Side Pressure Drop
350(11)
Nomenclature
361(5)
References
366(1)
10 Compact Heat Exchangers
367(20)
10.1 Introduction
367(5)
10.1.1 Heat Transfer Enhancement
367(3)
10.1.2 Plate-Fin Heat Exchangers
370(1)
10.1.3 Tube-Fin Heat Exchangers
370(2)
10.2 Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop
372(15)
10.2.1 Heat Transfer
372(5)
10.2.2 Pressure Drop for Finned-Tube Exchangers
377(1)
10.2.3 Pressure Drop for Plate-Fin Exchangers
378(4)
Nomenclature
382(3)
References
385(2)
11 Gasketed-Plate Heat Exchangers
387(38)
11.1 Introduction
387(1)
11.2 Mechanical Features
387(5)
11.2.1 Plate Pack and the Frame
387(3)
11.2.2 Plate Types
390(2)
11.3 Operational Characteristics
392(2)
11.3.1 Main Advantages
392(2)
11.3.2 Performance Limits
394(1)
11.4 Passes and Flow Arrangements
394(2)
11.5 Applications
396(4)
11.5.1 Corrosion
397(2)
11.5.2 Maintenance
399(1)
11.6 Heat Transfer and Pressure Drop Calculations
400(15)
11.6.1 Heat Transfer Area
400(1)
11.6.2 Mean Flow Channel Gap
401(1)
11.6.3 Channel Hydraulic Diameter
401(1)
11.6.4 Heat Transfer Coefficient
401(6)
11.6.5 Channel Pressure Drop
407(2)
11.6.6 Port Pressure Drop
409(1)
11.6.7 Overall Heat Transfer Coefficient
410(1)
11.6.8 Heat Transfer Surface Area
410(1)
11.6.9 Performance Analysis
411(4)
11.7 Thermal Performance
415(10)
Nomenclature
417(4)
References
421(4)
12 Condensers and Evaporators
425(46)
12.1 Introduction
425(1)
12.2 Shell-and-Tube Condensers
425(8)
12.2.1 Horizontal Shell-Side Condensers
425(4)
12.2.2 Vertical Shell-Side Condensers
429(1)
12.2.3 Vertical Tube-Side Condensers
430(1)
12.2.4 Horizontal in-Tube Condensers
430(3)
12.3 Steam Turbine Exhaust Condensers
433(1)
12.4 Plate Condensers
433(1)
12.5 Air-Cooled Condensers
434(1)
12.6 Direct-Contact Condensers
435(1)
12.7 Thermal Design of Shell-and-Tube Condensers
436(9)
12.8 Design and Operational Considerations
445(2)
12.9 Condensers for Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
447(4)
12.9.1 Water-Cooled Condensers
448(1)
12.9.2 Air-Cooled Condensers
449(1)
12.9.3 Evaporative Condensers
449(2)
12.10 Evaporators for Refrigeration and Air-Conditioning
451(4)
12.10.1 Water-Cooling Evaporators (Chillers)
452(1)
12.10.2 Air-Cooling Evaporators (Air Coolers)
453(2)
12.11 Thermal Analysis
455(4)
12.11.1 Shah Correlation
455(2)
12.11.2 Kandlikar Correlation
457(1)
12.11.3 Gungor and Winter ton Correlation
458(1)
12.12 Standards for Evaporators and Condensers
459(12)
Nomenclature
464(4)
References
468(3)
13 Polymer Heat Exchangers
471(28)
13.1 Introduction
471(3)
13.2 Polymer Matrix Composite (PMC) Materials
474(3)
13.3 Nanocomposites
477(1)
13.4 Application of Polymers in Heat Exchangers
478(8)
13.5 Polymer Compact Heat Exchangers
486(4)
13.6 Potential Applications for Polymer Film Compact Heat Exchangers
490(2)
13.7 Thermal Design of Polymer Heat Exchangers
492(7)
References
494(5)
Appendix A Physical Properties of Metals and Nonmetals 499(4)
Appendix B Physical Properties of Air, Water, Liquid Metals, and Refrigerants 503(18)
Index 521
Sadik Kakaē is a distinguished scientist and educator, and currently is a professor of mechanical engineering at TOBB University of Economics and Technology in Ankara, Turkey, and an Emeritus Professor at the University of Miami (Florida). Dr. Kakaē earned masters degrees in mechanical engineering and nuclear engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology, and a Ph.D. from the Victoria University of Manchester. In 2013 he was made an Honorary Member of ASME. Dr. Kakac is the author of numerous successful books in the areas of heat transfer and thermal engineering.

Hongtan Liu (PhD, University of Miami) is professor of Mechanical Engineering, and the director of the Dorgan Solar Energy and Fuel Cell Laboratory, at the University of Miami, Florida. He is also an Adjunct Professor at the Beijing Jiao Tong University, China. Dr. Liu's research interests include PEM Fuel Cells, Direct Methanol Fuel Cells, Solar Energy, Hydrogen Energy, Storage Energy, and Clean Energy.

Anchasa Pramuanjaroenkij, Ph.D., is an Associate Professor of Engineering at Kasetsart University, Thailand. She has also served as Acting Assistant to the President for Public Relations and Organizational Communication, Chalermphrakiat Sakon Nakhon Province Campus.