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E-grāmata: High-Risk Pollutants in Wastewater

Edited by (Professor, School of the Environment, Nanjing University - Nanjing, China), Edited by (Nanjing University, China)
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Nov-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128175149
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High-Risk Pollutants in WastewaterPalielināt
  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 01-Nov-2019
  • Izdevniecība: Elsevier Science Publishing Co Inc
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780128175149
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High-Risk Pollutants in Wastewater presents the basic knowledge regarding the diversity, concentrations, and health and environmental impacts of HRPs in municipal wastewater. The book summarizes information on the types (e.g. heavy metals, toxic organics and pathogens) and toxicities of HRPs in wastewater. In addition, it describes ecological and health hazards arising from the living things’ direct/indirect contacts with the HRPs during their full lifecycles (generation, disposal, discharge and reuse) in wastewater or water environments. Sections cover the concepts of appropriate technology for HRP hazard/risk assessment and wastewater treatment/reuse and the issues of strategy and policy for increasing risk control coverage.

Finally, the book focuses on the resolution of water quality monitoring, wastewater treatment and disposal problems in both developed and developing countries.

  • Presents information on HRPs and their risk assessment and control technologies
  • Provides basic knowledge regarding the diversity, concentrations, and health and environmental impacts of HRPs in municipal wastewater
  • Summarizes information on the types (e.g. heavy metals, toxic organics and pathogens) and toxicities of HRPs in wastewater
Contributors xi
Chapter 1 Introduction
1(4)
Xuxiang Zhang
Hongqiang Ren
1.1 Environmental high-risk pollutants
1(1)
1.2 Control of HRPs in wastewater
2(1)
1.3 Objective and contents of this book
3(2)
Chapter 2 Chemical HRPs in wastewater
5(36)
Gang Wu
Jinfeng Wang
Jinju Geng
2.1 Heavy metals
6(4)
2.1.1 Sources of heavy metals in wastewater
6(1)
2.1.2 Occurrence and concentrations of heavy metals in wastewater
7(3)
2.1.3 Migration and transformation of heavy metals in wastewater
10(1)
2.2 Persistent organic pollutants
10(8)
2.2.1 Sources of POPs in wastewater
12(4)
2.2.2 Occurrence and concentrations of POPs in wastewater
16(1)
2.2.3 Migration and transformation of POPs in wastewater
16(2)
2.3 Pharmaceutical and personal care products
18(4)
2.3.1 Sources of PPCPs in wastewater
18(1)
2.3.2 Occurrence and concentrations of PPCPs in wastewater
19(1)
2.3.3 Migration and transformation of PPCPs in wastewater
19(3)
2.4 Endocrine-disrupting chemicals
22(1)
2.4.1 Sources of EDCs in wastewater
22(1)
2.4.2 Occurrence and concentrations of EDCs in wastewater
23(1)
2.4.3 Migration and transformation of EDCs in wastewater
23(1)
2.5 Other HRPs
23(4)
2.5.1 Sources of other HRPs in wastewater
26(1)
2.5.2 Occurrence and concentrations of other HRPs in wastewater
26(1)
2.5.3 Migration and transformation of other HRPs in wastewater
27(1)
2.6 Summary
27(1)
References
28(11)
Further Reading
39(2)
Chapter 3 Biological HRPs in wastewater
41(38)
Shuyu Jia
Xuxiang Zhang
3.1 Bacteria
42(7)
3.1.1 Classification of bacteria in wastewater
42(2)
3.1.2 Typical bacteria in wastewater
44(1)
3.1.3 Pathogenic bacteria and their typical characteristics and hazards
44(5)
3.2 Viruses
49(4)
3.2.1 Definition, morphology, and composition of viruses
49(1)
3.2.2 Types of viruses
50(1)
3.2.3 Common viruses in wastewater
50(3)
3.3 Protozoa
53(4)
3.3.1 Biological characteristics of protozoa
53(1)
3.3.2 Hazards and risks of protozoa
54(1)
3.3.3 Common pathogenic protozoa in wastewater
55(1)
3.3.4 Roles of protozoa in wastewater treatment
56(1)
3.4 Helminths
57(3)
3.4.1 Biological characteristics of helminths
57(1)
3.4.2 Classification of helminths
57(3)
3.5 Biotoxins
60(2)
3.5.1 Characteristics and classification of biotoxins
60(1)
3.5.2 Bacterial toxins
60(2)
3.6 Antibiotic resistance
62(4)
3.6.1 ARGsandARB
62(1)
3.6.2 Mechanisms of antibiotic resistance in bacteria
63(1)
3.6.3 Fates of ARGs and ARB in wastewater
64(2)
3.7 Summary
66(1)
References
67(12)
Chapter 4 Technologies for detection of HRPs in wastewater
79(22)
Yan Zhang
Ruxia Qiao
Cheng Sheng
Huajin Zhao
4.1 Detection techniques of heavy metals in wastewater
80(6)
4.1.1 Atomic absorption spectroscopy
81(2)
4.1.2 Atomic fluorescence spectrometry
83(1)
4.1.3 Anodic stripping voltammetry
84(1)
4.1.4 Inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry
84(1)
4.1.5 Inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry
85(1)
4.1.6 Laser-induced breakdown spectroscopy
85(1)
4.2 Detection techniques of organic HRPs in wastewater
86(3)
4.2.1 Wastewater sample preparation
87(1)
4.2.2 Gas chromatography
88(1)
4.2.3 Gas chromatography---mass spectrometry
88(1)
4.2.4 High-performance liquid chromatography
89(1)
4.3 Detection of biological HRPs
89(5)
4.3.1 Sample preparation
90(1)
4.3.2 Polymerase chain reaction
91(1)
4.3.3 Gene chip
92(1)
4.3.4 High-throughput sequencing
92(1)
4.3.5 Other methods
93(1)
4.4 Summary
94(1)
References
94(7)
Chapter 5 Ecological safety hazards of wastewater
101(24)
Xiaofeng Jiang
Mei Li
5.1 Exposure pathways
102(2)
5.2 Damage to organisms
104(6)
5.2.1 Effects on aquatic organisms
104(3)
5.2.2 Effects on terrestrial organisms
107(3)
5.3 Damage to populations and community
110(3)
5.3.1 Damage to populations
110(1)
5.3.2 Damage to community
111(2)
5.4 Damage to ecosystem
113(2)
5.5 Summary
115(1)
References
115(10)
Chapter 6 Human health hazards of wastewater
125(16)
Bing Wu
6.1 Agricultural irrigation
126(4)
6.1.1 Exposure pathways
126(1)
6.1.2 Impacts of heavy metals
127(1)
6.1.3 Impacts of organic pollutants
128(2)
6.2 Antibiotic wastewater
130(1)
6.2.1 Exposure pathways
130(1)
6.2.2 Health hazards of antibiotic wastewater
130(1)
6.3 Oily wastewater
131(2)
6.3.1 Source of oily wastewater
131(1)
6.3.2 Health hazards of oily wastewater
132(1)
6.4 Aerosol from reclaimed water
133(1)
6.4.1 Generation of aerosol
133(1)
6.4.2 Effect of aerosols on health
133(1)
6.5 Summary
134(1)
References
135(6)
Chapter 7 Assessment technologies for hazards/risks of wastewater
141(28)
Xiwei He
Kailong Huang
7.1 Toxicity evaluation of wastewater
142(10)
7.1.1 In vivo tests
142(3)
7.1.2 In vitro tests
145(7)
7.2 Health and ecological risk assessment
152(5)
7.2.1 Ecological risk assessment
152(2)
7.2.2 Health risk assessment
154(3)
7.3 Summary
157(2)
References
159(10)
Chapter 8 Physicochemical technologies for HRPs and risk control
169(40)
Haidong Hu
Ke Xu
8.1 Adsorption technologies
170(8)
8.1.1 Main concepts and bases of adsorption
171(1)
8.1.2 Carbon-based adsorbents
172(2)
8.1.3 Nanoadsorbents
174(2)
8.1.4 Resins
176(1)
8.1.5 Composite and modified adsorbents
177(1)
8.2 Advanced oxidation
178(5)
8.2.1 Ozone-based AOPs
178(2)
8.2.2 UV-based AOPs
180(3)
8.3 Membrane separation technologies
183(4)
8.3.1 Membrane technology to remove heavy metals
184(1)
8.3.2 Membrane technology to remove pesticides and drugs
185(2)
8.3.3 Membrane technology to remove phenolic compounds
187(1)
8.4 Combination process technologies
187(6)
8.4.1 Nanofiltration combined with ozone-based advanced oxidation processes
187(1)
8.4.2 Photocatalytic ozonation
188(1)
8.4.3 Ozone/H2O2 process
189(1)
8.4.4 Combination of Fenton processes and biotreatment
189(4)
8.5 Emerging technologies
193(5)
8.5.1 Photocatalysis technologies
193(2)
8.5.2 Electrosorption
195(2)
8.5.3 Electroflocculation
197(1)
8.6 Summary
198(1)
References
199(7)
Further Reading
206(3)
Chapter 9 Biological technologies for cHRPs and risk control
209(28)
Hui Huang
Lin Ye
9.1 Biological transformation of cHRPs in wastewater
210(2)
9.1.1 Brief introduction to biological transformation of cHRPs
210(1)
9.1.2 Advances in biological transformation of cHRPs in wastewater
211(1)
9.2 Conventional biological technology
212(3)
9.2.1 Types of conventional biological technology
212(1)
9.2.2 Removal of cHRPs by conventional biological technologies
213(2)
9.3 Biofiltration technology
215(2)
9.3.1 Definition of biofiltration
215(1)
9.3.2 Removal of cHRPs by biofiltration technology
216(1)
9.4 Membrane biotechnology
217(2)
9.4.1 Presentation of membrane bioreactor
217(1)
9.4.2 Removal of cHRPs in MBR
217(2)
9.5 Constructed wetland (CW) systems
219(2)
9.5.1 Definition and characteristics of CWs
219(1)
9.5.2 Removal of pesticides and herbicides
219(1)
9.5.3 Removal of PPCPs
220(1)
9.6 Bioaugmentation technology
221(2)
9.6.1 Introduction to bioaugmentation technology
221(1)
9.6.2 Selection of high-performance bacteria
222(1)
9.6.3 Removal of cHRPs with bioaugmentation technology
222(1)
9.7 Integrated technologies for toxic organic wastewater treatment
223(5)
9.7.1 Interpretation of integrated technologies
223(1)
9.7.2 Integrated technologies and their characteristics
224(4)
9.8 Summary
228(1)
References
229(8)
Chapter 10 Technologies for bHRPs and risk control
237(22)
Jinbao Yin
Xuxiang Zhang
10.1 Conventional disinfection technologies
238(9)
10.1.1 Chlorination
239(3)
10.1.2 Ozone
242(2)
10.1.3 UV
244(2)
10.1.4 PAA
246(1)
10.2 Biological treatment progresses
247(3)
10.2.1 Anaerobic and/or aerobic treatment reactors
247(2)
10.2.2 MBR and membrane filtration
249(1)
10.3 AOPs
250(1)
10.4 Natural disinfection
251(1)
10.4.1 Constructed wetland
251(1)
10.4.2 Wastewater stabilization ponds
252(1)
10.5 Other technologies for bHRPs removal
252(2)
10.5.1 Nanomaterials
252(1)
10.5.2 Biochar
253(1)
10.5.3 Bacteriophage
254(1)
10.6 Summary
254(1)
References
255(4)
Chapter 11 Risk management policy for HRPs in wastewater
259(20)
Kan Li
Hongqiang Ren
11.1 Risk thresholds and criteria for different disposal or reuse purposes
263(4)
11.1.1 The United Nations environment program
263(1)
11.1.2 Risk thresholds and criteria for different disposal or reuse purposes on regional, national, or local scale
263(4)
11.2 Risk management policies and regulations
267(1)
11.3 Problems and future development of risk management of HRPs
268(6)
11.4 Summary
274(1)
References
275(4)
Abbreviations 279(6)
Index 285
Dr. Xuxiang Zhang serves as a Professor of School of Environment at Nanjing University, China, and the Deputy Director of the State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, China. Dr. Zhangs general research interests are in the areas of environmental microbiology, environmental toxicology and water/wastewater treatment technologies. In particular, his current research focuses on the assessment and control of ecological and health risk arising from chemical and biological contamination in water environments. Until now, he has got 107 peer-reviewed papers published in international journals and eight China patents authorized, and won National Awards (class II) for Natural Sciences of China (as the first winner). Prof. Hongqiang Ren is a Professor and the Dean of the School of Environment at Nanjing University, China. He is also the Director of Yixing Environmental Research Institute of Nanjing University. His research and teaching interest mainly lies in environmental science and engineering. Prof. Ren has been in charge of over 30 national key research projects and published more than 200 research papers in top environmental journals. In addition, he holds more than 100 national and international patents in environmental technology. Prof. Ren is a member of the China Academy of Engineering and has also received numerous other awards, such as Class II of the National Technological Invention Award (4 times), Class II of the National Natural Science Award, Class I of Provincial or Ministerial Technology Awards (6 times), the Scientific and Technology Innovation Award of Ho Leung Ho Lee Foundation, and the Changjiang Distinguished Professorship.
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