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E-grāmata: High-Tc Superconducting Technology: Towards Sustainable Development Goals [Taylor & Francis e-book]

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  • Formāts: 588 pages, 44 Tables, black and white; 51 Line drawings, color; 136 Line drawings, black and white; 49 Halftones, color; 61 Halftones, black and white; 100 Illustrations, color; 197 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Nov-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Jenny Stanford Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781003164685
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High-Tc Superconducting Technology: Towards Sustainable Development GoalsPalielināt
  • Formāts: 588 pages, 44 Tables, black and white; 51 Line drawings, color; 136 Line drawings, black and white; 49 Halftones, color; 61 Halftones, black and white; 100 Illustrations, color; 197 Illustrations, black and white
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Nov-2021
  • Izdevniecība: Jenny Stanford Publishing
  • ISBN-13: 9781003164685
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
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Clean environment, global peace, mitigating climate change, financial growth, and future development of the world require new materials that improve the quality of life. Superconductivity, in general, allows perfect current transmission without losses. This makes it a valuable resource for sustainability in several aspects. High-temperature superconducting (HTSC) materials will be crucial for sustainable everyday applications and more attractive for the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Superconducting magnets can be used as high-field magnets in magnetic resonance imaging, nuclear magnetic resonance, water purification, magnetic drug delivery, and so forth. Hunger can be partly avoided if there is sustainability in agriculture. In future, DC electric energy from solar plants in Africa could be transported worldwide, especially to cold countries, using superconducting cables. Superconducting technology is an efficient way to create sustainability as well as reduce greenhouse gases.

This book presents the latest global achievements in the processing and applications of high-Tc superconductors and discusses the usefulness of the SDGs. It summarizes the related advances in materials science and developments with respect to the SDGs. The book also covers large-scale applications of HTSC materials, which will be connected to the SDGs, addressed by several eminent scientists, including Prof. M. Murakami, president, Shibaura Institute of Technology, Japan; Prof. D. Cardwell, pro-vice chancellor, University of Cambridge, UK; and Prof. N. Long, director, Victoria University of Wellington, New Zealand.



This book presents the latest global achievements in the processing and applications of high-Tc superconductors and discusses the usefulness of the SDGs. It summarizes the related advances in materials science and developments with respect to the SDGs.

Preface xvii
1 Expert Opinion: Relevance of High-Tc Superconductors for SDG Goals 1(16)
1.1 Superconductivity and Sustainable Development Goals
1(3)
Masato Murakami
1.2 High-Tc Superconducting Technology: Towards Sustainable Development Goals
4(3)
David Cardwell
1.3 The Potential of Superconductor Technology: Towards Sustainable Development Goals
7(2)
Nick Long
1.4 Superconducting Technology: A Step to the United Nation's Sustainable Development Goals
9(4)
Frank N. Werfel
1.5 Superconductors as Friends of Our Environment
13(4)
Milos Jirsa
2 Dense and Robust (RE)BCO Bulk Superconductors for Sustainable Applications: Current Status and Future Perspectives 17(58)
Devendra K. Namburi
David A. Cardwell
2.1 Introduction
19(8)
2.1.1 Top-Seeded Melt Growth Technique
22(2)
2.1.2 Buffer Strategy in TSMG
24(2)
2.1.3 Generic Seed Crystals and NdBCO Film Seeds
26(1)
2.2 Infiltration and Growth Process
27(11)
2.2.1 Development of 2-Step BA-TSIG Process
30(4)
2.2.2 High-Field Studies of TSIG-Processed Samples
34(2)
2.2.3 Generic Seeds Fabricated by the TSIG Approach
36(2)
2.3 High Performance Bulk Superconductors
38(12)
2.3.1 Existing Literature on GdBCO Bulk Superconductors
38(1)
2.3.2 GdBCO Bulk Superconductors Fabricated via 2-Step BA-TSIG
39(3)
2.3.3 Trapped Field Performance
42(2)
2.3.4 Levitation Force Measurements
44(1)
2.3.5 Critical Temperature and Critical Current Density
45(3)
2.3.6 Flux Pinning Force
48(2)
2.4 Mechanical Property Measurement
50(2)
2.5 Microstructural Studies
52(1)
2.6 Reliability of Fabrication
53(1)
2.7 Novel Experiments Investigated
54(8)
2.7.1 (RE)BCO Bulk Superconductors with Artificial Holes
54(1)
2.7.2 YBCO Cavities for Magnetic Shielding
55(2)
2.7.3 Multi-Seeding Experiments
57(3)
2.7.4 Reinforcement Studies
60(2)
2.8 Summary and Conclusions
62(13)
3 Growth, Microstructure, and Superconducting Properties of Ce Alloyed YBCO Bulk Single-Grain Superconductors 75(76)
P. Diko
K. Zmorayova
L. Vojtkova
V. Antal
V. Kucharova
R. Pagacova
V. Kavecansky
M. Radusovska
M. Rajnak
T. Hlasek
J. Plechacek
3.1 Introduction
75(2)
3.2 Influence of Addition of Nanosize Barium Cerate on the Microstructure and Properties of TSMG YBCO Bulk Superconductors
77(16)
3.3 Influence of CeO2 on Microstructure, Cracking, and Trapped Field of TSIG YBCO Single-Grain Superconductors
93(18)
3.4 Microstructural Aspects of Infiltration Growth YBCO Bulks with Chemical Pinning
111(9)
3.5 Influence of Sm2O3 Microalloying and Yb Contamination on Y211 articles Coarsening and Superconducting Properties of IG YBCO Bulk Superconductors
120(14)
3.6 Relationship between Local Microstructure and Superconducting Properties of Commercial YBa2Cu3O7-δ Bulk
134(17)
4 Superconductivity in Biomedicine: Enabling Next Generation's Medical Tools for SDGs 151(28)
Santosh Miryala
4.1 Introduction
152(1)
4.2 The Basic Phenomenon of Superconductivity
153(8)
4.2.1 Zero Resistance
153(1)
4.2.2 Meissner Effect
154(1)
4.2.3 Type I vs. Type II Superconductors
155(2)
4.2.4 Josephson Effect
157(1)
4.2.5 BCS Theory
157(1)
4.2.6 Critical Current
158(1)
4.2.7 The Cooper Effect
159(1)
4.2.8 London Penetration Depth
160(1)
4.2.9 Isotope Effect
161(1)
4.3 The Prominent Role of Superconductors in Biomedical Applications
161(8)
4.3.1 Magnetic Resonance Imaging
161(2)
4.3.2 Ultra-Low Field Magnetic Resonance Imaging (ULF-MRI)
163(1)
4.3.3 Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
164(2)
4.3.4 Diagnostic Techniques Using SQUIDS
166(1)
4.3.5 Magnetic Drug Delivery System
167(1)
4.3.6 Particle Beam Applications for Biomedical Diagnosis
168(1)
4.4 Relevance to Sustainable Development Goals
169(1)
4.5 Conclusion
170(9)
5 Overview of Shaping YBa2Cu3O7 Superconductor 179(16)
Jacques G. Noudem
5.1 Introduction
180(1)
5.2 Experimental Procedures and Results
181(10)
5.2.1 2D Thick-Film YBCO Fabrics
181(4)
5.2.2 3D YBCO Superconducting Foams
185(2)
5.2.3 3D Multiple Holes Textured YBCO
187(4)
5.3 Conclusion
191(4)
6 Development of MgB2 Superconducting Super-Magnets: Its Utilization towards Sustainable Development Goals 195(38)
Muralidhar Miryala
6.1 Introduction
196(5)
6.2 Experimental
201(2)
6.2.1 Characterization
202(1)
6.3 Innovative Activities to Improve The Performance of Bulk MgB2: Sintering Temperature
203(2)
6.4 Innovative Activities to Improve the Performance of Bulk MgB2: Sintering Time
205(3)
6.5 Innovative Activities to Improve the Performance of Bulk MgB2: Silver Addition
208(4)
6.6 Superconducting Properties of Bulk MgB2 with MgB2 Addition
212(3)
6.7 Innovative Activities to Improve the Performance of Bulk MgB2: Utilizing Carbon-Encapsulated Boron
215(4)
6.8 Role of Excess Mg in Enhancing Superconducting Properties of Ag-Added Carbon-Coated Boron-Based Bulk MgB2
219(3)
6.9 Realizing High-Trapped Field MgB2 Bulk Magnets for Addressing SDGs
222(3)
6.10 Concluding Remarks
225(8)
7 Powder Technology of Magnesium Diboride and Its Applications 233(32)
Soo Kien Chen
Oon Jew Lee
Muralidhar Miryala
7.1 Introduction
234(1)
7.2 Tuning Magnesium and Boron in Undoped Samples
235(19)
7.2.1 Boron Powders
235(3)
7.2.2 Mixed Boron Precursors
238(2)
7.2.3 Nominal Magnesium Non- Stoichiometry
240(3)
7.2.4 MgB4 as Precursor for Reaction with Mg
243(25)
7.2.4.1 Influence of heat treatment conditions
243(5)
7.2.4.2 Influence of nominal Mg content and heat treatment conditions
248(6)
7.3 Addition with Rare Earth Oxides
254(2)
7.4 Large-Scale Applications
256(2)
7.5 Concluding Remarks
258(7)
8 Ultrasonication: A Cost-Effective Way to Synthesize High-Jr Bulk MgB2 265(18)
Arvapalli Sai Srikanth
8.1 Introduction
265(3)
8.2 Experimental
268(2)
8.2.1 High-Energy Ultrasonication
268(1)
8.2.2 Boron Ultrasonication
268(1)
8.2.3 Synthesis of MgB2
269(1)
8.2.4 Characterization of MgB2
269(1)
8.3 Results and Discussion
270(7)
8.3.1 Boron XRD
270(1)
8.3.2 Microstructural Analysis of Ultrasonicated Boron
271(1)
8.3.3 MgB2 XRD
272(1)
8.3.4 Superconducting Performance Measurements
272(5)
8.4 Conclusion
277(6)
9 New Potential Family of Iron-Based Superconductors towards Practical Applications: CaKFe4As4 (1144) 283(32)
Shiv J. Singh
Andrzej Morawski
9.1 Introduction
284(6)
9.2 Structural Properties of 1144
290(2)
9.3 Transition Temperature (TC) and Upper Critical Field (HC2)
292(3)
9.4 Critical Current Properties
295(7)
9.5 Development towards Application
302(7)
9.5.1 Polycrystalline Sample
302(3)
9.5.2 Superconducting Wires and Tapes
305(4)
9.6 Conclusions
309(6)
10 Quasi 1D Layered Nb2PdxSy Superconductor for Industrial Applications 315(24)
Reena Goyal
Masato Murakami
Muralidhar Miryala
10.1 Introduction
316(2)
10.2 Preparation Method
318(1)
10.2.1 Nb2PdxSy Superconductor
318(1)
10.3 Structural and Superconducting Properties
318(9)
10.3.1 Crystal Structure and Morphology of Nb2PdxSy Superconductor
318(1)
10.3.2 Superconducting Properties
319(8)
10.3.2.1 Temperature-dependent electrical resistivity r (T)
319(4)
10.3.2.2 Magnetic measurement
323(1)
10.3.2.3 Anisotropy in upper critical field
324(2)
10.3.2.4 Specific heat
326(1)
10.3.2.5 Superconducting gap
326(1)
10.4 Factors Affecting Critical Parameters (TC and HC2)
327(5)
10.4.1 Effect of Doping Elements
327(3)
10.4.2 Effect of Diameter of Fibers
330(2)
10.5 Hall Effect
332(1)
10.6 Normal-State Temperature-Dependent Electrical Resistivity
332(1)
10.7 Conclusion
333(6)
11 High-Temperature Superconducting Cable Application to Ship Magnetic Deperming and Its Contribution toward SDG 339(32)
Megumi Hirota
11.1 Introduction
340(2)
11.2 Magnetic Silencing of Ship
342(3)
11.2.1 Degaussing of Ship
344(1)
11.3 Magnetic Deperming of Ship
345(9)
11.3.1 Deperming Field for Ship
345(2)
11.3.2 Conventional Deperming Methods
347(4)
11.3.2.1 Wound cable on ship-hull
348(1)
11.3.2.2 Running through the coil
349(1)
11.3.2.3 Cage-type coil
350(1)
11.3.2.4 Variations of wound-on-hull
350(1)
11.3.3 Electric Current and Power for Each Type of Deperming Coil
351(3)
11.4 HTS Superconducting Deperming
354(12)
11.4.1 Magnetic Field by Deperming Coil
354(2)
11.4.2 Superconducting Cable for Seabed Deperming Coil
356(3)
11.4.2.1 NbTi and Nb3Sn at 4.2 K
356(1)
11.4.2.2 BSCCO at 70 K
357(1)
11.4.2.3 ReBCO
358(1)
11.4.2.4 MgB2
358(1)
11.4.2.5 Summary
359(1)
11.4.3 Expected Goal of Complete System
359(4)
11.4.3.1 Refrigeration of cable
361(2)
11.4.3.2 Electromagnetic force
363(1)
11.4.4 Research Step toward the Complete System
363(3)
11.5 Contribution to Sustainable Development Goal
366(5)
12 High-Tv Superconducting Bearings Design: Towards High-Performance Machines 371(60)
I. Valiente-Blanco
D. Lopez-Pascual
12.1 Introduction to Bulk Superconducting Levitation
372(1)
12.2 Bearing Materials and Cryogenics
372(14)
12.2.1 Permanent Magnet Materials
372(3)
12.2.2 Superconducting Materials
375(2)
12.2.3 Bulk YBaCuO Properties
377(1)
12.2.4 Performance of Materials in Cryogenics
378(8)
12.2.4.1 Mechanical properties
379(1)
12.2.4.2 Thermal properties
380(5)
12.2.4.3 Electric resistivity and magnetic susceptibility
385(1)
12.3 Superconducting Bearings Classification
386(4)
12.3.1 According to Their Motion Degree of Freedom
386(1)
12.3.2 Meissner and Mixed State Bearings
387(1)
12.3.3 According to Their Load Bearing Configuration
387(1)
12.3.4 Active and Passive Superconducting Bearings
388(2)
12.4 Fundamentals of Design of Passive SMB
390(23)
12.4.1 State of the Superconducting Bearing
390(3)
12.4.1.1 Bearings in the Meissner state
390(2)
12.4.1.2 Mixed state: Field cooled bearings
392(1)
12.4.2 Thrust Bearings: Force and Stiffness
393(3)
12.4.3 Journal Bearings
396(1)
12.4.4 Improved Magnetic Arrangement
397(4)
12.4.5 Linear Bearings
401(2)
12.4.6 Force Relaxation
403(1)
12.4.7 Hysteresis and Damping
404(1)
12.4.8 Temperature Influence
405(3)
12.4.9 Vibration Isolation
408(3)
12.4.10 Coefficient of Friction
411(2)
12.5 Applications of Superconducting Bearings
413(18)
12.5.1 Introduction
413(1)
12.5.2 Cryogenic Machinery
414(1)
12.5.3 Aerospace Applications
415(2)
12.5.4 Energy Storage
417(3)
12.5.5 Transportation
420(1)
12.5.6 Conclusions
421(10)
13 Low-Frequency Rotational Loss in an KS Bearing and Its Application in Sensitive Devices 431(46)
Wenjiang Yang
Long Yu
Yu li
13.1 A Brief Overview of HTS Bearings
431(5)
13.1.1 Brief Introduction of HTS Bearing
432(1)
13.1.2 Classification of HTS Bearing
433(1)
13.1.3 Application of HTS Bearing in Flywheel
434(2)
13.2 Rotational Loss of HTS Bearings
436(20)
13.2.1 Rotational Loss Phenomenon and Coefficient of Friction
436(3)
13.2.1.1 Rotational loss phenomenon
436(2)
13.2.1.2 Coefficient of friction
438(1)
13.2.2 Loss Sources Consideration and Theory
439(3)
13.2.2.1 Air drag loss
439(1)
13.2.2.2 Hysteresis loss
440(1)
13.2.2.3 Eddy current loss
441(1)
13.2.3 Effects of Bearing Structures and Scales
442(4)
13.2.3.1 Small-scale HTS bearing
442(2)
13.2.3.2 Medium-scale HTS bearing
444(1)
13.2.3.3 Large-scale HTS bearing
445(1)
13.2.4 Effects of Mechanics and Dynamic Behavior with Rotational Frequency
446(3)
13.2.5 Effects of Superconducting Material Properties
449(1)
13.2.6 Effects of Magnetic Rotor Structures
450(2)
13.2.7 Effects of Magnetization and Working Conditions
452(2)
13.2.7.1 Magnetization and levitation heights
452(1)
13.2.7.2 Low Tc Cooling Conditions
452(2)
13.2.8 Rotation Properties at Extreme Low Frequencies
454(2)
13.3 Low-Frequency Applications of HTS Bearings
456(13)
13.3.1 Lunar Telescopes
457(2)
13.3.2 Polarimeter
459(4)
13.3.3 Micro Thrust Measurement Devices
463(14)
13.3.3.1 Traditional micro-thrust measurement methods
463(1)
13.3.3.2 Micro-thrust stand using HTS bearing
464(2)
13.3.3.3 Prototype design
466(2)
13.3.3.4 Use for EMDrive and Mach-effect thruster
468(1)
13.4 Summary
469(8)
14 Superconducting Motor Using HTS Bulk 477(52)
Alexandre Colle
Thierry Lubin
Sabrina Ayat
Jean Leveque
14.1 Introduction
477(13)
14.1.1 Growing Air Transport
477(1)
14.1.2 Electrification of Aircraft
478(1)
14.1.3 Electrification of Propeller
479(1)
14.1.4 State of the Art of Electrical Motor
480(1)
14.1.5 Superconducting Motor
481(9)
14.1.5.1 History of superconducting machine
481(2)
14.1.5.2 Superconducting bulk
483(1)
14.1.5.3 Bean's model
483(2)
14.1.5.4 Magnetization of superconducting bulk
485(1)
14.1.5.5 Superconducting screen
486(2)
14.1.5.6 Topology of superconducting machine using bulk
488(2)
14.2 Sizing of a Superconducting Motor
490(15)
14.2.1 Specifications
491(1)
14.2.2 Structure of the Machine
492(1)
14.2.3 Sizing
493(6)
14.2.3.1 Polarity of the motor
493(1)
14.2.3.2 General relationship for design
494(1)
14.2.3.3 Calculus of inductor field
494(1)
14.2.3.4 Calculus of armature
495(2)
14.2.3.5 AC losses in superconducting bulk
497(2)
14.2.4 Optimization
499(6)
14.2.4.1 Considering only active element
499(1)
14.2.4.2 Considering the whole machine
500(2)
14.2.4.3 Superconducting machine and cooling system
502(2)
14.2.4.4 Improvement margin for high-power machines
504(1)
14.2.4.5 Comparison with conventional technology
504(1)
14.3 Realization of the Motor
505(13)
14.3.1 Cooling System
507(1)
14.3.2 Superconducting Coil
508(2)
14.3.3 Rotating Part
510(5)
14.3.4 Armature
515(2)
14.3.5 Motor and Test Bench
517(1)
14.4 Experimental Results
518(6)
14.4.1 Characterization of Superconducting Coil
519(1)
14.4.2 Flux Modulation
519(4)
14.4.3 No Load Tests
523(1)
14.4.4 Cool Down
523(1)
14.5 Conclusion
524(5)
15 Superconducting Fault Current Limiter 529(28)
Quan Li
15.1 Resistive SFCL
530(2)
15.2 Flux-Flow Resistive SFCL
532(1)
15.3 Saturated-Core SFCL
533(3)
15.4 Magnetic-Shielded SFCL
536(2)
15.5 Coreless SFCL
538(2)
15.6 Transformer SFCL
540(1)
15.7 Flux-Lock SFCL
541(1)
15.8 Bridge SFCL
542(2)
15.9 Resonance SFCL
544(1)
15.10 Hybrid SFCL
545(6)
15.11 Three-Phase SFCL
551(7)
15.11.1 Transformer Three-Phase SFCL
551(2)
15.11.2 SFCL Three-Phase Reactor
553(1)
15.11.3 Three-Phase Winding and Magnetic Shield Combined SFCL
553(4)
16 Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behaviors of Superconducting Bulk Materials 557(20)
Akira Murakami
16.1 Introduction
558(1)
16.2 Evaluation Methods of Mechanical Properties
559(3)
16.3 Mechanical Properties and Fracture Behaviors
562(5)
16.4 Conclusion
567(10)
Index 577
Muralidhar Miryala is deputy president and board of councilor at Shibaura Institute of Technology (SIT), Japan, and professor at the Graduate School of Science and Engineering, and College of Engineering, SIT. His main task is to transform SIT into a high-rank university. To accomplish this goal, he has been working towards designing numerous innovative programs to enhance global initiatives for SIT. Consequently, his interest in the applications and technology of bulk single-grain superconductors led him to develop a new class of mixed LRE-123 system that can be used up to 15 T at 77 K and high temperatures up to 90.2 K. He also developed a novel technology to produce a RE-123 type silver-sheathed wire on the basis of the solid-state/liquid-phase reaction. His intellectual mindset enabled him to produce a small-type superconducting bulk magnet that is useful for magnetizing both high-Tc superconducting materials and magnetic materials in a variety of industrial applications. Dr. Miryala also contributed towards the development of DC superconducting cable for railway system applications. He has authored or co-authored more than 500 scientific contributions in international journals and delivered over 140 oral presentations, including plenary and invited ones. He holds several Japanese national and international patents. He has received several awards for his research contributions, including the prestigious 2021 Pravasi Bharatiya Samman Award by the Government of India.
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