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High-Throughput Analysis for Food Safety [Hardback]

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High-Throughput Analysis for Food SafetyPalielināt
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Permanent link: https://www.kriso.lv/db/9781118396308.html
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Contaminants in food such as residual veterinary drugs, metals, hormones, pesticides, and adulterants, can have dangerous health consequences. This book examines the use of rapid screening tests and high-throughput analysis for increased food safety. Authors from around the world were consulted as a way to understand and underscore the international nature of the food industry and health concerns. The book focus on the most current and common techniques used in contaminant screening with a focus on mass spectrometry in GC-MS, LC-MS, stand-alone MS, and tandem MS. Also covered are quality control standards, method validation, ongoing analytical control and the future directions of the industry. Annotation ©2014 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

This book focuses on high-throughput analyses for food safety. Because of the contributors domestic and international expertise from industry and government the book appeals to a wider audience. It includes the latest development in rapid screening, with a particular emphasis on the growing use and applicability of a variety of stand-alone mass spectrometry methods as well as using mass spectrometry in hyphenated techniques such as gas chromatograph mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography mass spectrometry (LC-MS). Readers will be educated to the field of food safety and rapid testing in the most commonly used techniques.

Divided into three parts (Basics of High Throughput Analyses, Mass Spectrometry in High Throughput Analyses, and International Food Safety Testing) this book covers many important aspects of high-throughput analyses for food safety.

Preface xi
Contributors xiii
Chapter 1 Introduction: Basic Principles Of Assays To Be Covered, Sample Handling, And Sample Processing
1(14)
Wanlong Zhou
Eugene Y. Chang
Perry G. Wang
1.1 Introduction
1(4)
1.1.1 Current Situation and Challenges of Food Safety and Regulations
1(1)
1.1.2 Residues and Matrices of Food Analysis and High-Throughput Analysis
2(1)
1.1.3 Food Safety Classifications
3(1)
1.1.4 "High Throughput" Definition
3(1)
1.1.5 Scope of the Book
4(1)
1.2 Advanced Sample Preparation Techniques
5(5)
1.2.1 Automation of Weighing and Preparing Standard Solutions
5(1)
1.2.2 QuEChERS
6(1)
1.2.3 Swedish Extraction Technique (SweEt) and Other Fast Sample Preparation Methods
6(1)
1.2.4 Turbulent Flow Chromatography
7(1)
1.2.5 Pressurized Liquid Extraction
7(1)
1.2.6 Automated 96- and 384-Well Formatted Sample Preparation as well as Automated SPE Workstations
8(1)
1.2.7 Solid-Phase Microextraction
8(1)
1.2.8 Microextraction by Packed Sorbent
9(1)
1.2.9 Liquid Extraction Surface Analysis
9(1)
1.2.10 Headspace GC
10(1)
1.2.11 Summary
10(1)
1.3 Future Perspectives
10(5)
Acknowledgment
11(1)
References
11(4)
Chapter 2 Survey Of Mass Spectrometry-Based High-Throughput Methods In Food Analysis
15(58)
Lukas Vaclavik
Tomas Cajka
Wanlong Zhou
Perry G. Wang
2.1 Introduction
15(1)
2.2 Techniques Employing Chromatographic Separation
15(15)
2.2.1 Gas Chromatography--Mass Spectrometry
15(6)
2.2.2 Liquid Chromatography--Mass Spectrometry
21(9)
2.3 Direct Techniques
30(32)
2.3.1 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry
30(7)
2.3.2 Headspace (Solid-Phase Microextraction)-Mass Spectrometry E-Nose
37(1)
2.3.3 Ambient Desorption/Ionization-Mass Spectrometry
38(24)
2.4 Concluding Remarks
62(11)
Acknowledgments
62(1)
References
63(10)
Chapter 3 Quality Systems, Quality Control Guidelines And Standards, Method Validation, And Ongoing Analytical Quality Control
73(20)
David Galsworthy
Stewart Reynolds
3.1 Introduction
73(3)
3.1.1 Quality System Design
73(1)
3.1.2 Procedures
74(1)
3.1.3 Roles and Responsibilities
74(1)
3.1.4 Quality Manual
74(1)
3.1.5 Document Control
74(1)
3.1.6 Control of Records
75(1)
3.1.7 Audits
75(1)
3.1.8 Validation of Methodology
75(1)
3.1.9 Staff Competency
75(1)
3.1.10 Internal Quality Control
76(1)
3.1.11 Method Performance Criteria
76(1)
3.2 Qualitative Screening Methods
76(4)
3.2.1 Selectivity of Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods
78(1)
3.2.2 Confirmatory Methods
78(1)
3.2.3 Validation of Qualitative Screening Multiresidue Methods for Pesticide Residues in Foods
79(1)
3.3 Elements of the Analytical Workflow
80(1)
3.3.1 Sample Preparation
80(1)
3.3.2 Effects of Sample Processing
81(1)
3.3.3 Extraction Efficiency
81(1)
3.4 Initial Method Validation
81(5)
3.5 Ongoing Analytical Quality Control
86(1)
3.5.1 Internal Quality Control
86(1)
3.5.2 Proficiency Testing
86(1)
3.6 Validation of Qualitative Screening Multiresidue Methods for Veterinary Drug Residues in Foods
87(3)
3.6.1 EU Legislation Covering Method Validation for Veterinary Drug Screening
87(1)
3.6.2 Determination of Specificity/Selectivity and Detection Capability (CQ?) Using the Classical Approach
88(1)
3.6.3 Establishment of a Cutoff Level and Calculation of CCβ
88(1)
3.6.4 Determination of the Applicability
89(1)
3.7 Conclusions
90(3)
References
90(3)
Chapter 4 Deliberate Chemical Contamination And Processing Contamination
93(24)
Stephen Lock
4.1 Introduction
93(4)
4.2 Heat-Induced Food Processing Contaminants
97(4)
4.3 Packaging Migrants
101(4)
4.4 Malicious Contamination of Food
105(12)
References
111(6)
Chapter 5 Multiresidual Determination Of 295 Pesticides And Chemical Pollutants In Animal Fat By Gel Permeation Chromatography (GPC) Cleanup Coupled With GC-MS/MS, GC-NCI-MS, AND LC-MS/MS
117(50)
Yan-Zhong Cao
Yong-Ming Liu
Na Wang
Xin-Xin Ji
Cui-Cui Yao
Xiang Li
Li-Li Shi
Qiao-Ying Chang
Chun-Lin Fan
Guo-Fang Pang
5.1 Introduction
117(5)
5.1.1 Persistent Organic Pollutants
118(1)
5.1.2 Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
119(1)
5.1.3 Polychlorinated Biphenyls
119(1)
5.1.4 Phthalate Esters
120(1)
5.1.5 Multiclass and Multiresidue Analyses
120(2)
5.2 Experiment
122(14)
5.2.1 Instruments
122(1)
5.2.2 Reagents
122(1)
5.2.3 Preparation of Standard Solutions
122(1)
5.2.4 Sample Preparation
123(1)
5.2.5 Analytical Methods
124(12)
5.2.6 Qualitative and Quantitative Determination
136(1)
5.3 Results and Discussion
136(25)
5.3.1 Selection of GPC Cleanup Conditions
136(2)
5.3.2 Selection of Extraction Solvent
138(12)
5.3.3 Comparison of Sample Extraction Methods
150(1)
5.3.4 Comparison of Sample Cleanup
151(1)
5.3.5 Linear Range, LOD, and LOQ
152(1)
5.3.6 Recoveries and Precisions
152(5)
5.3.7 Actual Sample Analysis
157(4)
5.4 Conclusions
161(6)
References
162(5)
Chapter 6 Ultrahigh-Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled With High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry: A Reliable Tool For Analysis Of Veterinary Drugs In Food
167(46)
Maria del Mar Aguilera-Luiz
Roberto Romero-Gonzalez
Patricia Plaza-Bolanos
Jose Luis Martinez Vidal
Antonia Garrido Frenich
6.1 Introduction
167(1)
6.2 Veterinary Drug Legislation
168(4)
6.3 Analytical Techniques for VD Residue Analysis
172(9)
6.3.1 Chromatographic Separation
174(1)
6.3.2 High-Resolution Mass Spectrometers
175(6)
6.4 Food Control Applications
181(20)
6.4.1 Screening Applications
181(10)
6.4.2 Confirmation and Quantification Methods
191(4)
6.4.3 Comparison Studies
195(6)
6.5 Conclusions and Future Trends
201(12)
Acknowledgments
202(1)
References
203(10)
Chapter 7 A Role For High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry In The High-Throughput Analysis And Identification Of Veterinary Medicinal Product Residues And Of Their Metabolites In Foods Of Animal Origin
213(18)
Eric Verdon
Dominique Hurtaud-Pessel
Jagadeshwar-Reddy Thota
1.1 Introduction
213(2)
7.2 Issues Associated with Veterinary Drug Residues and European Regulations
215(1)
7.3 Choosing a Strategy: Targeted or Nontargeted Analysis?
216(4)
7.3.1 Targeted Analysis Using HRMS
218(1)
7.3.2 Nontargeted Analysis Using HRMS: Screening for Unknown Compounds
219(1)
7.4 Application Number 1: Identification of Brilliant Green and its Metabolites in Fish under High-Resolution Mass Spectral Conditions (Targeted and Nontargeted Approaches)
220(3)
7.5 Application Number 2: Targeted and Nontargeted Screening Approaches for the Identification of Antimicrobial Residues in Meat
223(4)
7.6 Conclusions
227(4)
References
227(4)
Chapter 8 High-Throughput Analysis Of Mycotoxins
231(36)
Marta Vaclavikova
Lukas Vaclavik
Tomas Cajka
8.1 Introduction
231(8)
8.1.1 Legislation and Regulatory Limits
231(6)
8.1.2 Emerging Mycotoxins
237(1)
8.1.3 Analysis of Mycotoxins in the High-Throughput Environment
238(1)
8.2 Sample Preparation
239(8)
8.2.1 Sampling
240(1)
8.2.2 Matrices of Interest
240(1)
8.2.3 Extraction of Mycotoxins
241(5)
8.2.4 Purification of Sample Extracts
246(1)
8.3 Separation and Detection of Mycotoxins
247(5)
8.3.1 Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods
248(2)
8.3.2 High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry in Mycotoxins Analysis
250(2)
8.4 No-Separation Mass Spectrometry-Based Methods
252(7)
8.4.1 Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption Ionization-Mass Spectrometry
252(1)
8.4.2 Ambient Ionization Mass Spectrometry
253(1)
8.4.3 Ion Mobility Spectrometry
254(2)
8.4.4 Immunochemical Methods
256(3)
8.5 Conclusions
259(8)
Acknowledgments
259(1)
References
259(8)
Index 267
PERRY G. WANG, PHD, is a research chemist in the Office of Regulatory Science, CFSAN, US FDA. Prior to joining the FDA, Dr. Wang worked in the pharmaceutical and medical device industries. His expertise in the pharmaceutical field focuses on high-throughput drug analysis by LC-MS/MS. His current research at the FDA includes developing analytical methods for chemical ingredients in cosmetics and personal care products by GC-MS/MS and LC-MS/MS. This book is edited in his private capacity but not as an employee of the FDA.

MARK F. VITHA, PHD, is a professor at Drake University. He is the editor of The Chemical Analysis Series (Wiley) and the co-editor of Interfaces and Interphases in Analytical Chemistry. In 2011, he was awarded the Windsor Professor of Science and the Ronald D. Troyer Research Fellowship.

JOHN F. KAY, PHD, is a chemist and recently retired as the R&D manager at the UK Veterinary Medicines Directorate. For almost 20 years he actively participated in the Codex Alimentarius Committee on Residues of Veterinary Drugs in Food and remains on the JECFA expert roster 2012-2016 for veterinary drug residues. He has held an Honorary Senior Research Fellowship in the Department of Mathematics and Statistics at the University of Strathclyde, Scotland since 2005.