Foreword |
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vii | |
An introduction to the Fundamentals of Biomedical Science series |
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viii | |
Contributors |
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xii | |
1 What is histopathology? |
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1 | (26) |
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1 | (1) |
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2 | (1) |
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1.3 What is histopathology? |
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3 | (1) |
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1.4 Histopathology specimens |
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4 | (1) |
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1.5 Histopathology service users |
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5 | (1) |
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6 | (1) |
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1.7 Post-mortem specimens |
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7 | (1) |
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1.8 Human Tissue Authority |
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8 | (1) |
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8 | (1) |
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1.10 Laboratory processing |
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9 | (4) |
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13 | (2) |
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15 | (3) |
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18 | (3) |
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1.14 Public health considerations |
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21 | (1) |
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22 | (1) |
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1.16 Laboratory information management systems |
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22 | (1) |
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1.17 Report production and distribution |
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23 | (1) |
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1.18 Communication with clinicians |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (1) |
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23 | (2) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (1) |
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25 | (2) |
2 Fixation and specimen handling |
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27 | (23) |
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27 | (1) |
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28 | (2) |
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30 | (4) |
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2.4 Cell and tissue preservation |
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34 | (6) |
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40 | (5) |
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45 | (3) |
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48 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
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49 | (1) |
3 Data recording and histopathological dissection |
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50 | (43) |
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51 | (3) |
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54 | (2) |
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3.3 Fundamentals of dissection |
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56 | (4) |
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60 | (22) |
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3.5 Head and neck pathology |
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82 | (3) |
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85 | (5) |
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3.7 Storage and retention |
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90 | (1) |
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91 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
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92 | (1) |
4 Routine processing, embedding and staining |
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93 | (24) |
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93 | (1) |
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94 | (2) |
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4.3 Tissue processing in practice |
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96 | (6) |
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102 | (2) |
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104 | (4) |
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4.6 Cryotechniques and cryotomy |
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108 | (3) |
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4.7 Haematoxylin and eosin staining |
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111 | (1) |
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112 | (1) |
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113 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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115 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
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116 | (1) |
5 Stains in action |
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117 | (52) |
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117 | (1) |
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5.2 Underlying principles of staining |
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118 | (2) |
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5.3 Differential action of dyes |
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120 | (2) |
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5.4 Special staining in practice |
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122 | (4) |
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5.5 Carbohydrates, mucins and glycoprotein demonstration |
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126 | (10) |
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5.6 Infective agent demonstration |
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136 | (9) |
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5.7 Extracellular proteins and connective tissues |
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145 | (6) |
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151 | (2) |
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5.9 Pigments and minerals |
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153 | (7) |
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160 | (2) |
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162 | (1) |
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162 | (3) |
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165 | (1) |
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166 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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168 | (1) |
6 Artefacts |
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169 | (28) |
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169 | (1) |
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6.2 Concepts and classification criteria |
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170 | (1) |
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6.3 Pre-analytical artefacts |
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171 | (5) |
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6.4 Post-analytical artefacts |
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176 | (19) |
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195 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
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196 | (1) |
7 Mohs procedures |
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197 | (21) |
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197 | (1) |
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7.2 Historical perspective |
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198 | (1) |
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7.3 Principle of Mohs micrographic surgery |
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199 | (1) |
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7.4 Mohs application in the removal of skin and mucosal tumours |
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199 | (2) |
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7.5 The Mohs laboratory set up and key equipment |
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201 | (3) |
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7.6 Tissue inking, mapping and cut-up |
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204 | (2) |
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7.7 Tissue embedding and orientation procedures |
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206 | (1) |
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207 | (2) |
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7.9 Tissue section slide mounting and staining |
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209 | (2) |
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211 | (1) |
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7.11 Basic microscope interpretation |
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212 | (1) |
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212 | (2) |
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7.13 Immunocytochemistry and Mohs |
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214 | (1) |
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7.14 Health and safety, and professional standards |
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215 | (1) |
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215 | (1) |
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216 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
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217 | (1) |
8 Immunocytochemical techniques |
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218 | (33) |
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218 | (1) |
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8.2 Historical perspective |
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219 | (1) |
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8.3 Immunocytochemistry in diagnostic histopathology |
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220 | (1) |
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221 | (4) |
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8.5 Antigen retrieval methods |
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225 | (7) |
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8.6 Immunocytochemistry detection methods |
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232 | (5) |
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8.7 Automation in immunocytochemistry |
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237 | (1) |
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8.8 Quality control and immunocytochemistry |
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237 | (7) |
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8.9 Health and safety in the ICC laboratory |
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244 | (1) |
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8.10 The value of ICC in multidisciplinary team meetings |
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245 | (2) |
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8.11 Future developments in immunocytochemistry |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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249 | (1) |
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250 | (1) |
9 Analytical immunocytochemistry |
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251 | (47) |
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251 | (1) |
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9.2 Key principles in the diagnostic use of immunocytochemistry |
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252 | (1) |
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9.3 Reasons for immunocytochemical investigations |
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253 | (1) |
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253 | (1) |
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9.5 Introduction to tumour groups |
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254 | (1) |
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9.6 Key antibodies used in immunocytochemistry |
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255 | (2) |
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9.7 Use of antibody panels |
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257 | (1) |
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9.8 Antibody panels in diagnostic practice |
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258 | (1) |
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9.9 Investigation of breast cancer |
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259 | (5) |
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9.10 Investigation of lung cancer |
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264 | (5) |
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9.11 Investigation of prostate cancer |
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269 | (4) |
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9.12 Distinguishing lymphoma types |
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273 | (4) |
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9.13 Assessment of sentinel lymph nodes |
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277 | (2) |
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9.14 Identification of aetiological agents |
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279 | (1) |
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9.15 Identifying autoimmune states |
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280 | (1) |
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9.16 Algorithmic approach to the use of antibody panels |
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281 | (1) |
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9.17 Identification of tumours of unknown aetiology |
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282 | (3) |
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9.18 Immunocytochemistry as an indicator of suitability for therapy |
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285 | (4) |
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289 | (7) |
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296 | (1) |
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297 | (1) |
10 In situ hybridization: key concepts and applications |
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298 | (20) |
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298 | (2) |
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300 | (8) |
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10.3 Applications for ISH in diagnostic cellular pathology |
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308 | (4) |
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312 | (1) |
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313 | (1) |
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314 | (3) |
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317 | (1) |
11 Molecular diagnostics: techniques and applications |
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318 | (27) |
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318 | (2) |
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11.2 Essential background knowledge |
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320 | (4) |
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11.3 The polymerase chain reaction |
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324 | (4) |
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328 | (4) |
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11.5 Processing the sample |
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332 | (1) |
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11.6 Pre-extraction sample handling and assessment |
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333 | (2) |
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11.7 Nucleic acid extraction |
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335 | (3) |
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11.8 PCR analysis methods |
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338 | (3) |
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341 | (1) |
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342 | (2) |
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344 | (1) |
12 Molecular diagnostics in action |
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345 | (20) |
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345 | (3) |
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12.2 Molecular pathology diagnostic services: the mission |
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348 | (1) |
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349 | (3) |
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12.4 Choosing the appropriate technique |
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352 | (1) |
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12.5 Multiplex gene testing |
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353 | (1) |
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354 | (1) |
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12.7 Automation of protein assessment |
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355 | (1) |
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12.8 Predictive markers to non-targeted therapy |
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355 | (1) |
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356 | (1) |
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12.10 Circulating free tumour DNA |
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356 | (1) |
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357 | (1) |
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12.12 Molecular pathology in perspective |
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357 | (1) |
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358 | (5) |
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363 | (1) |
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363 | (1) |
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364 | (1) |
13 Histopathology reporting |
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365 | (22) |
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13.1 What is a histopathology report? |
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365 | (2) |
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13.2 The microscopy content of a histopathology report |
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367 | (1) |
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13.3 Reporting datasets and tissue pathways |
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368 | (1) |
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369 | (6) |
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375 | (6) |
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13.6 Research and development in histopathology: how does it improve diagnosis? |
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381 | (1) |
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13.7 Extended roles for biomedical and clinical scientists in histopathology |
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381 | (2) |
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13.8 Histopathology scientific qualifications in Australia and New Zealand |
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383 | (2) |
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385 | (1) |
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385 | (1) |
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386 | (1) |
14 Light microscopy and digital pathology |
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387 | (22) |
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387 | (1) |
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14.2 Scientific principles behind light microscopy |
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388 | (2) |
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14.3 Image formation and lens defects |
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390 | (1) |
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14.4 Components of the compound microscope |
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391 | (3) |
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394 | (1) |
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14.6 Phase contrast microscope |
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395 | (2) |
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14.7 Polarization microscope |
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397 | (1) |
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14.8 Darkfield microscope |
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398 | (1) |
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14.9 Fluorescence microscope |
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399 | (3) |
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14.10 Confocal microscopy and optical sectioning |
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402 | (1) |
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14.11 Alternative microscope designs |
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403 | (1) |
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14.12 Sharing the microscope image |
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404 | (3) |
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407 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
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408 | (1) |
15 Electron microscopy |
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409 | (32) |
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409 | (1) |
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15.2 General introduction to electron microscopy |
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410 | (2) |
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15.3 Design of transmission electron microscopes |
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412 | (5) |
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15.4 Design of scanning electron microscopes |
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417 | (2) |
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15.5 Specific tissue preparation for TEM |
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419 | (9) |
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428 | (1) |
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15.7 Case Studies/Applications |
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429 | (9) |
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438 | (1) |
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439 | (1) |
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439 | (1) |
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440 | (1) |
16 Mortuary practice |
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441 | (22) |
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441 | (1) |
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441 | (3) |
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16.3 Death and decomposition |
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444 | (1) |
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445 | (2) |
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447 | (1) |
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16.6 Post-mortem examinations |
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448 | (11) |
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459 | (1) |
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459 | (1) |
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460 | (1) |
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461 | (1) |
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462 | (1) |
17 Essentials of laboratory management |
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463 | (22) |
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463 | (2) |
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17.2 Roles in laboratory management |
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465 | (3) |
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17.3 Quality management systems and clinical governance |
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468 | (5) |
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473 | (2) |
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475 | (3) |
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17.6 Dealing with complaints |
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478 | (1) |
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478 | (3) |
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17.8 Training and qualifications |
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481 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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482 | (1) |
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483 | (2) |
Glossary |
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485 | (3) |
Abbreviations |
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488 | (3) |
Index |
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491 | |