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E-grāmata: Historical Phonology of Central Chadic: Prosodies and Lexical Reconstruction

(Universität Leipzig)
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Jun-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781009021449
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Historical Phonology of Central Chadic: Prosodies and Lexical ReconstructionPalielināt
  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 02-Jun-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Cambridge University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781009021449
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Of all of the African language families, the Chadic languages belonging to the Afroasiatic macro-family are highly internally diverse due to a long history and various scenarios of language contact. This pioneering study explores the development of the sound systems of the 'Central Chadic' languages, a major branch of the Chadic family. Drawing on and comparing field data from about 60 different Central Chadic languages, H. Ekkehard Wolff unpacks the specific phonological principles that underpin the Chadic languages' diverse phonological evolution, arguing that their diversity results to no little extent from historical processes of 'prosodification' of reconstructable segments of the proto-language. The book offers meticulous historical analyses of some 60 words from Proto-Central Chadic, in up to 60 individual modern languages, including both consonants and vowels. Particular emphasis is on tracing the deep-rooted origin and impact of palatalisation and labialisation prosodies within a phonological system that, on its deepest level, recognises only one vowel phoneme */a/.

Papildus informācija

Drawing on extensive field data, this groundbreaking work explores the development of the sound systems of Central Chadic languages.
List of Figures
xii
List of Tables
xiii
Preface xv
Acknowledgements xvii
Glossonyms Used for Central Chadic Languages and Language Variants xviii
Abbreviations and Symbols xx
1 Introduction
1(26)
1.1 Comparative Chadic Linguistics, and Why It Is So Problematic to Reconstruct Lexical Items for Proto-Chadic in General, and for Proto-Central Chadic in Particular
2(15)
1.2 A Model for the Evolution from Proto-Central Chadic `Simple Roots' to Phonetic Surface Representations in Central Chadic Languages
17(3)
1.3 Root Type
20(1)
1.4 Root Augmentation
20(1)
1.5 Vowel Pro-/Epenthesis
21(1)
1.6 Phonological Prosodies
22(1)
1.7 Morphological Prosodies
23(4)
2 Methodological Preliminaries
27(49)
2.1 General
27(11)
2.1.1 The Extra-Linguistic Historical Background
28(2)
2.1.2 The Exceptional Typology of Central Chadic Languages
30(1)
2.1.3 The Enigmatic Vocalic Domain
31(1)
2.1.3.1 The Status of Schwa
32(1)
2.1.3.2 No True Vowel Contrasts
32(1)
2.1.3.3 Underspecified `Weak Radicals': */y/, */w/
33(1)
2.1.3.4 Impact of Prosodies
33(1)
2.1.4 Completeness and Explicitness of Description
34(4)
2.2 The Comparative Method and Dialectological Approaches
38(3)
2.3 Internal Reconstruction
41(5)
2.4 The Database and Conventions of Transcription
46(1)
2.5 Theoretical Modules Underlying Central Chadic Lexical Reconstruction Work
47(18)
2.5.1 Epenthesis Theory
48(4)
2.5.2 Weak Radical Theory
52(1)
2.5.3 Vocalisation Theory
53(2)
2.5.4 Prosody Theory
55(7)
2.5.5 Prosodies as Traces of Diachronrcally Lost Segments
62(3)
2.6 Confronting Alternative Approaches
65(11)
2.6.1 The Notion of `Prosody-Type Languages' in Central Chadic
70(1)
2.6.2 The Vocalic Domain in Central Chadic: What to Reconstruct and How Many?
71(5)
2.6.3 The Present Study
74
3 Proto-Central Chadic Diachronic Phonology and Morphophonology: Inventories and Principles
76(57)
3.1 General Observations
76(27)
3.1.1 Templatic Approach: Root-and-Pattern
76(1)
3.1.1.1 Underlying `Root Types'
76(1)
3.1.1.2 Radical Consonant Slots
77(1)
3.1.1.3 Vocalisation: Vowel Slots and Syllables
78(1)
3.1.1.4 The Ambiguous Nature of `Weak Radicals'
78(1)
3.1.1.5 The Relevance of the Templatic Approach to Historical Reconstruction in Chadic
79(3)
3.1.2 Diachronically Simple and Augmented Roots
82(4)
3.1.2.1 Simple Root and Root Types
86(2)
3.1.2.2 Diachronic Loss of Segments
88(8)
3.1.2.3 Affixal Root Augmentation and Petrification
96(1)
3.1.2.4 Reduplicative Augmentation and Petrification
97(1)
3.1.2.5 Similarity of Inventories of Pre-and Suffixal Augments
97(1)
3.1.3 Metathesis
98(3)
3.1.4 Prosodification
101(2)
3.2 Issues in Central Chadic Diachronic Phonology
103(23)
3.2.1 Inventory: Consonants
103(3)
3.2.2 The Double Origin of Prosodies
106(1)
3.2.2.1 Lexical Prosodies: Phonological Palatalisation and Labialisation
107(3)
3.2.2.2 Grammatical Prosodies: Morphological Palatalisation and Labialisation
110(1)
3.2.3 Labialisation Prosody
110(3)
3.2.3.1 Suffixal Augment
113(1)
3.2.3.2 Prosodising *{-kw}
113(1)
3.2.3.3 Non-Prosodising *{-kw}
114(1)
3.2.3.4 Is Morphological Labialisation Older Than Phonological Labialisation?
114(3)
3.2.4 Palatalisation Prosody
117(2)
3.2.4.1 Suffixal Augment
119(1)
3.2.4.2 Prosodising *{-y}
119(3)
3.2.4.3 Non-Prosodising *{-y}
122(1)
3.2.5 Combined Y- and W-Prosodies
123(1)
3.2.5.1 Separate Domains for Each Prosody
124(1)
3.2.5.2 Prosody Fusion in Same Domain (*/a/wy *gt; œ)
125(1)
3.3 Diachronic Sources of Morphological Prosodies
126(1)
3.4 The Origins of Final */a/ and [ e]
127(2)
3.4.1 Final */a/
127(1)
3.4.2 Final Consonant (Ø Vowel)
128(1)
3.4.3 Final Schwa
128(1)
3.5 A Note on the Integration of Loan Words into Central Chadic Phonology
129(4)
4 Diachronic Processes in Central Chadic Language Evolution
133(25)
4.1 Vowel Epenthesis
133(1)
4.2 Prosodic `Colouring' of Pro- and Epenthetic Schwa
134(1)
4.3 Prosodic Effects on */a/
134(1)
4.4 Syllabification of Underlying *y and *w
135(5)
4.4.1 Weak Radicals *y and *w in Medial Position
135(1)
4.4.2 *y and *w in Suffixal Augments in Final Position
136(4)
4.5 Intersegmental Fusion of Features Affecting Radical Consonants
140(1)
4.6 Accounting for Differences between Very Closely Related Languages
141(1)
4.6.1 Underlying Root Type
141(1)
4.6.2 Root Augmentation, Consonantal Sound Changes, and Prosodies
142(1)
4.7 From PCC to Modem Central Chadic Languages: Phonemicisation ofAllophones
142(5)
4.8 On the Emergence of Long Vowels in Modern Central Chadic Languages
147(3)
4.8.1 The Emergence of Long [ ii]
148(1)
4.8.2 The Emergence of Long [ uu]
149(1)
4.9 Summary of Diachronic Processes from PCC to Modern Central Chadic Languages
150(8)
5 Central Chadic Languages and the Neogrammarian Hypothesis
158(29)
5.1 Individual Language Histories: Evidence from Lamang and Hdi
161(15)
5.2 Scrutinising the Notion of `Regular Sound Correspondence' in the Vocalic Domain
176(11)
6 Full Lexical Reconstructions
187(271)
6.1 Alternative Option for Not Reconstructing x/e/
187(4)
6.2 Alternative Option for Not Reconstructing x/i/
191(1)
6.3 Alternative Reconstructions of the Proto-Central Chadic Lexicon
192(26)
6.3.1 Reconstructions Licensing [ i] in Phonetic Surface Representation
193(1)
6.3.1.1 [ i] in Final Position
194(1)
6.3.1.2 [ il in Medial Position
195(3)
6.3.1.3 [ il in Initial Position
198(1)
6.3.2 Reconstructions Licensing [ u] in Phonetic Surface Representation
198(1)
6.3.2.1 [ u] in Final Position
198(2)
6.3.2.2 [ u] in Medial Position
200(1)
6.3.2.3 [ u] in Initial Position
200(1)
6.3.3 Reconstructions Licensing Mid Vowels [ e] and [ o] in Both Medial and Final Positions in Phonetic Surface Representation
201(1)
6.3.4 Reconstructions Licensing Final Schwa in Phonetic Surface Representation
201(2)
6.3.5 Reconstructions Involving */a/ as Medial Vowel
203(8)
6.3.6 Regarding Glottal Stop and Glottalisation
211(1)
6.3.6.1 Emergence of Glottal Stops in Surface Representations
212(1)
6.3.6.2 [ 'w] (and [ p']?) Reflecting PCC */Cw/
213(1)
6.3.6.3 */?/ as an Unidentified Root Augment?
214(1)
6.3.6.4 Another Look at the Root for `Water'
214(1)
6.3.6.5 Are there Traces of `Glottalisation Prosody'?
215(3)
6.4 PCC Lexical Reconstructions: Data and Details
218(240)
arm
221(3)
ashes
224(3)
beard
227(3)
beer
230(1)
belly
231(4)
bite, to
235(2)
blow, to
237(2)
boil, to
239(3)
bone
242(6)
bow
248(5)
brain
253(2)
butterfly
255(3)
camel
258(10)
cook, to
268(3)
cow
271(4)
crocodile
275(1)
cry, to
276(5)
die, to
281(6)
dog
287(4)
Donkey 1
291(4)
Donkey 2
295(1)
Donkey 3
296(3)
dream
299(6)
earth
305(3)
eight
308(2)
elephant
310(1)
extinguish, to
311(3)
faeces
314(2)
five
316(3)
fly
319(8)
foot
327(2)
Give birth, to
329(7)
grandfather
336(3)
grasshopper
339(4)
hair
343(2)
hare
345(4)
hedgehog
349(2)
hide, to
351(2)
Horn 1
353(4)
Horn 2
357(1)
Hors 3
358(5)
laugh, to
363(5)
lion
368(3)
market
371(6)
moon
377(4)
navel
381(4)
night
385(6)
quiver
391(2)
ram
393(3)
razor1
396(2)
razor2
398(2)
root
400(6)
six
406(1)
spit, to
406(5)
suck, to
411(7)
sun
418(6)
thorn
424(4)
three
428(6)
two
434(1)
wash, to
435(4)
water
439(7)
whistle, to
446(4)
white
450(3)
work
453(5)
Appendix: Alphabetical List of Glosses with Alternative Reconstructions and Prosodies 458(3)
References 461(5)
Index: Languages and Lexical Items 466
H. Ekkehard Wolff is Professor and Chair emeritus (African linguistics) at Leipzig University. He has more than 170 publications to his credit (incl. 30 books) on descriptive, typological, comparative, applied linguistics and sociolinguistics of African languages. He is Editor of The Cambridge Handbook of African Linguistics (2019) and of A History of African Linguistics (2019).
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