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History of Folding in Mathematics: Mathematizing the Margins 2018 ed. [Hardback]

  • Formāts: Hardback, 419 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 6455 g, 42 Illustrations, color; 92 Illustrations, black and white; XV, 419 p. 134 illus., 42 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Science Networks. Historical Studies 59
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Jun-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Birkhauser Verlag AG
  • ISBN-10: 331972486X
  • ISBN-13: 9783319724867
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  • Formāts: Hardback, 419 pages, height x width: 235x155 mm, weight: 6455 g, 42 Illustrations, color; 92 Illustrations, black and white; XV, 419 p. 134 illus., 42 illus. in color., 1 Hardback
  • Sērija : Science Networks. Historical Studies 59
  • Izdošanas datums: 06-Jun-2018
  • Izdevniecība: Birkhauser Verlag AG
  • ISBN-10: 331972486X
  • ISBN-13: 9783319724867
While it is well known that the Delian problems are impossible to solve with a straightedge and compass for example, it is impossible to construct a segment whose length is cube root of 2 with these instruments  the discovery of the Italian mathematician Margherita Beloch Piazzolla in 1934 that one can in fact construct a segment of length cube root of 2 with a single paper fold was completely ignored (till the end of the 1980s). This comes as no surprise, since with few exceptions paper folding was seldom considered as a mathematical practice, let alone as a mathematical procedure of inference or proof that could prompt novel mathematical discoveries. A few questions immediately arise: Why did paper folding become a non-instrument? What caused the marginalisation of this technique? And how was the mathematical knowledge, which was nevertheless transmitted and prompted by paper folding, later treated and conceptualised?





Aiming to answer these questions, this volume provides, for the first time, an extensive historical study on the history of folding in mathematics, spanning from the 16th century to the 20th century, and offers a general study on the ways mathematical knowledge is marginalised, disappears, is ignored or becomes obsolete.





In doing so, it makes a valuable contribution to the field of history and philosophy of science, particularly the history and philosophy of mathematics and is highly recommended for anyone interested in these topics.

Recenzijas

Friedmans new book is the first modern scholarly account of the history of mathematical paper folding. His insights and detailed scholarship make this an invaluable source book for anyone interested in the history of mathematics. Summing Up: Recommended. Upper-division undergraduates and above. (R. L. Pour, Choice, Vol. 56 (05), January, 2019) The work offers a wealth of mathematical and historical information on a wide selection of topics that involve folding. the author provides general readers, as well as historians and mathematicians, with a fascinating, well-researched, richly illustrated, well-referenced, and valuable resource on the history of paper folding and its mathematical aspects. (James J. Tattersall, Mathematical Reviews, January, 2019)

1 Introduction
1(28)
1.1 Setting the Scene: Which Instrument Is Stronger?
1(4)
1.2 Marginalization and Its Epistemological Consequences
5(5)
1.3 Marginalization and the Medium: Or---Why Did Marginalization Occur?
10(5)
1.4 The Economy of Excess and Lack
15(4)
1.5 Historiographical Perspectives and an Overview
19(10)
1.5.1 Marginalized Traditions
20(2)
1.5.2 The Historical Research to Date and Overview
22(2)
1.5.3 Argument and Structure
24(5)
2 From the Sixteenth Century Onwards: Folding Polyhedra---New Epistemological Horizons?
29(64)
2.1 Durer's Nets
30(18)
2.1.1 Underweysung der Messung and the Unfolded Nets
32(7)
2.1.2 Folded Tiles and Folds of Drapery
39(5)
2.1.3 Durer's Folding: An Epistemological Offer?
44(4)
2.2 Durer's Unfolded Polyhedra: Context and Ramifications
48(35)
2.2.1 Pacioli and Bovelles, Paper Instruments and Folded Books: Encounters of Folding and Geometry
49(4)
2.2.1.1 Paper Instruments: Folding for Science
53(6)
2.2.1.2 A Historical Detour: Bat Books and Imposition of the Book---The Standardization of Folding
59(7)
2.2.2 Durer's Followers Fold a Net
66(10)
2.2.2.1 Stevin's and Cowley's Impossible Nets
76(4)
2.2.2.2 Nets of Polyhedra: A Mathematical Stagnation?
80(3)
2.3 Ignoring Folding as a Method of Proof in Mathematics
83(10)
2.3.1 Folding and Geometry: A Forgotten Beginning---Pacioli Folds a Gnomon
83(3)
2.3.2 Folding and Geometry: A Problematic Beginning
86(7)
3 Prolog to the Nineteenth Century: Accepting Folding as a Method of Inference
93(178)
3.1 Folding and the Parallel Postulate
94(4)
3.1.1 Folding and Parallel Line: An Implicit Encounter During the Arabic Middle Ages
94(2)
3.1.2 Folding and Parallel Line: An Explicit Encounter During the Eighteenth Century
96(2)
3.2 Folding in Proofs: Suzanne and Francceur
98(6)
3.2.1 Symmetry and Folding Diderot and Symmetry in Francceur's Cours Complet
100(4)
3.3 Lardner, Wright, Henrici: Symmetry with Folding in Great Britain
104(9)
4 The Nineteenth Century: What Can and Cannot Be (Re)presented---On Models and Kindergartens
113(1)
4.1 On Models in General and Folded Models in Particular
114(92)
4.1.1 Mathematical Models During the Eighteenth and Nineteenth Centuries
115(11)
4.1.2 Folded Models in Mathematics: Dupin, Schlegel, Beltrami, Schwarz and the Two Wieners
126(1)
4.1.2.1 Louis Dupin and Victor Schlegel: How to Fold Nets in the Nineteenth Century
126(15)
4.1.2.2 Eugenio Beltrami and Models in Italy
141(11)
4.1.2.3 Schwarz, Peano and Christian Wiener
152(13)
4.1.2.4 Hermann Wiener
165(15)
4.1.3 A Detour into the Realm of Chemistry: The Folded Models of Van't Hoff and Sachse
180(1)
4.1.3.1 Van't Hoff Folds a Letter
181(13)
4.1.3.2 Hermann Sachse's Three Equations
194(6)
4.1.3.3 Folded Models in Chemistry and Mathematics: A Failed Encounter
200(3)
4.1.4 Modeling with the Fold: A Minority Inside a Vanished Tradition
203(3)
4.2 Folding in Kindergarten: How Children's Play Entered the Mathematical Scene
206(65)
4.2.1 FrobePs Folds
207(2)
4.2.1.1 Frobel and Mathematics
209(7)
4.2.1.2 Frobel Folds
216(11)
4.2.1.3 Frobel's Influence and the Vanishing of Folding-Based Mathematics from Kindergarten
227(20)
4.2.2 From Great Britain to India
247(3)
4.2.2.1 First Lessons in Geometry: Bhimanakunte Hanumantha Rao's Book
250(4)
4.2.2.2 The Books of Tandalam Sundara Row
254(14)
4.2.3 Folding in Kindergartens: A Successful Marginalization
268(3)
5 The Twentieth Century: Towards the Axiomatization, Operationalization and Algebraization of the Fold
271(84)
5.1 The Influence of Row's Book
272(46)
5.1.1 First Steps Towards Operative Axiomatization: Ahrens, Hurwitz, Rupp
273(1)
5.1.1.1 Anhrens's Fundamental Folding Constructions
274(4)
5.1.1.2 The Basic Operations of Adolf Hurwitz
278(4)
5.1.1.3 Lotka and Rupp: Creases as Envelopes
282(3)
5.1.2 The Distinction Between Axioms and Operations: A Book by Young and Young
285(1)
5.1.2.1 The Youngs's The First Book of Geometry
286(7)
5.1.2.2 Translations and Acceptance
293(2)
5.1.3 A Detour: How Does One Fold a Pentagon?
295(1)
5.1.3.1 The Construction of Euclid
296(1)
5.1.3.2 How Does One Fold a Regular Pentagon?
297(8)
5.1.3.3 How Does One Knot a Regular Pentagon?
305(13)
5.2 An Algebraic Entwinement of Theory and Praxis: Beloch's Fold
318(22)
5.2.1 Vacca's 1930 Manuscript
319(4)
5.2.2 Beloch's 1934 Discoveries
323(4)
5.2.3 After 1934: Further Development and Reception
327(3)
5.2.3.1 Lill's Method of Solving Any Equation
330(6)
5.2.3.2 A Fall Towards Oblivion?
336(4)
5.3 Epilog for the Twentieth Century: The Folding of Algebraic Symbols
340(15)
5.3.1 The Faltung of Bilinear Forms
341(9)
5.3.2 Convolution as Faltung
350(5)
6 Coda: 1989---The Axiomatization(s) of the Fold
355(22)
6.1 The Operations of Humiaki Huzita
358(5)
6.2 The Operations of Jacques Justin
363(5)
6.3 Conclusion: Too-Much, Too-Little---Unfolding an Epistemological Non-equilibrium
368(9)
Appendix A Margherita Beloch Piazzolla: "Alcune applicazioni del metodo del ripiegamento della carta di Sundara Row" 377(4)
Appendix B Deleuze, Leibniz and the Unmathematical Fold 381(8)
References 389(26)
Index 415