1 An Attunement |
|
1 | (18) |
|
1.1 What is it All About? |
|
|
2 | (1) |
|
1.2 Slope, Derivative, and Differential Quotient |
|
|
3 | (8) |
|
|
7 | (1) |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
1.2.4 The Rule of Differentiating the Inverse Function |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
1.3 Area, Integral, and Antidifferentiation |
|
|
11 | (2) |
|
1.4 Indivisibles and Infinitesimals |
|
|
13 | (2) |
|
1.5 ...and What is it Good For? |
|
|
15 | (4) |
2 'On ye Shoulders of Giants' |
|
19 | (72) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
2.2 England in the 17th Century |
|
|
22 | (11) |
|
|
33 | (13) |
|
|
46 | (11) |
|
2.5 France and the Netherlands in the 17th Century |
|
|
57 | (12) |
|
2.5.1 France on its Way to Absolutism |
|
|
57 | (6) |
|
2.5.2 The Netherlands and the Persistent Conflict with Spain and England |
|
|
63 | (6) |
|
|
69 | (11) |
|
|
80 | (11) |
3 The Warriors Grow Up |
|
91 | (52) |
|
3.1 The Physicist: Isaac Newton |
|
|
93 | (33) |
|
3.1.1 Childhood and Youth |
|
|
93 | (4) |
|
|
97 | (7) |
|
3.1.3 The Way to the Infinitesimal Calculus |
|
|
104 | (7) |
|
3.1.4 The 'anni mirabiles' |
|
|
111 | (5) |
|
3.1.5 The Professor in the Lucasian Chair |
|
|
116 | (5) |
|
3.1.6 Till Death: The Fight with Robert Hooke |
|
|
121 | (5) |
|
3.2 The Lawyer: Gottfried Wilhelm Leibniz |
|
|
126 | (17) |
|
3.2.1 Childhood and Youth |
|
|
126 | (4) |
|
|
130 | (3) |
|
3.2.3 The Young Doctor Utriusque Iuris |
|
|
133 | (3) |
|
3.2.4 Lawyer and Diplomat |
|
|
136 | (7) |
4 The Cold War Begins |
|
143 | (58) |
|
4.1 The Mathematician: Leibniz in Paris |
|
|
144 | (25) |
|
4.1.1 The First Journey to London |
|
|
148 | (6) |
|
4.1.2 The Aftermath of the Pell Affair |
|
|
154 | (1) |
|
4.1.3 Leibniz Conquers Mathematics |
|
|
155 | (14) |
|
4.2 The Priority Quarrels of Huygens |
|
|
169 | (10) |
|
4.2.1 The Quarrel Concerning the Rectification of Curves |
|
|
169 | (4) |
|
4.2.2 Turbulent Times: Hooke versus Huygens |
|
|
173 | (5) |
|
4.2.3 Atmospheric Disturbances |
|
|
178 | (1) |
|
|
179 | (13) |
|
4.3.1 Leibniz's Letter of 30th March 1675 and its Immediate Consequence |
|
|
180 | (4) |
|
4.3.2 Analysis Becomes Calculus |
|
|
184 | (4) |
|
4.3.3 Leibniz Gains a Companion |
|
|
188 | (4) |
|
4.4 De quadratura arithmetica |
|
|
192 | (9) |
5 The Apparent Relaxation |
|
201 | (24) |
|
5.1 The Beginning of the Correspondence: Epistola prior |
|
|
202 | (9) |
|
5.2 The Second Journey to London |
|
|
211 | (6) |
|
5.3 The Correspondence Ends: Epistola posterior |
|
|
217 | (7) |
|
5.4 The Front Line in the Year 1677 |
|
|
224 | (1) |
6 The Aftermath of the Principia Mathematica |
|
225 | (56) |
|
6.1 The Warrior's Careers up to 1687 |
|
|
226 | (24) |
|
6.1.1 The Privy Councillor Leibniz - Stranded in Hanover |
|
|
226 | (15) |
|
6.1.2 Isaac Newton - The Hermit in Cambridge |
|
|
241 | (9) |
|
6.2 Philosophiae Naturalis Principia Mathematica |
|
|
250 | (16) |
|
|
250 | (7) |
|
6.2.2 The Formation Phase |
|
|
257 | (3) |
|
6.2.3 Leibniz in Newton's Thought |
|
|
260 | (2) |
|
6.2.4 The Principia Published |
|
|
262 | (3) |
|
6.2.5 Mr Leibniz Lays a Fuse |
|
|
265 | (1) |
|
6.3 The Reception of the Principia |
|
|
266 | (13) |
|
6.3.1 The Situation in England |
|
|
266 | (3) |
|
6.3.2 Huygens as Recipient |
|
|
269 | (3) |
|
6.3.3 Leibniz as Recipient |
|
|
272 | (5) |
|
6.3.4 Newton's Attack on Leibniz's Tentamen |
|
|
277 | (1) |
|
6.3.5 The First Reaction in France |
|
|
277 | (2) |
|
6.4 The Scholium Dedicated to Leibniz |
|
|
279 | (2) |
7 The War is getting hot |
|
281 | (82) |
|
7.1 Newton in a Political Crisis |
|
|
282 | (2) |
|
|
284 | (4) |
|
7.3 Isaac Newton and his Monkey |
|
|
288 | (14) |
|
|
288 | (3) |
|
|
291 | (4) |
|
7.3.3 Leibniz Back in Newton's Thoughts |
|
|
295 | (3) |
|
|
298 | (4) |
|
7.4 Wallis, Flamsteed and the Way Into the Mint |
|
|
302 | (13) |
|
7.4.1 Wallis Jars on Newton's Nerves |
|
|
302 | (4) |
|
7.4.2 Newton's Quarrel with Flamsteed |
|
|
306 | (6) |
|
7.4.3 Newton and the Mint |
|
|
312 | (3) |
|
7.5 Leibniz, his Fellow Campaigners, and the First Great Achievements of the Calculus |
|
|
315 | (23) |
|
7.5.1 Leibniz again in Hanover |
|
|
315 | (3) |
|
7.5.2 The Bernoulli Brothers |
|
|
318 | (5) |
|
7.5.3 Marquis de l'Hospital |
|
|
323 | (15) |
|
|
338 | (16) |
|
7.6.1 Wallis' Algebra of 1693 |
|
|
338 | (7) |
|
7.6.2 The Aftermath of the Problem of the Brachistochrone: The Monkey is Insulted |
|
|
345 | (9) |
|
|
354 | (2) |
|
|
356 | (5) |
|
7.9 Summary and the Front Line in the Year 1699 |
|
|
361 | (2) |
8 War of Extermination |
|
363 | (50) |
|
|
364 | (7) |
|
8.1.1 George Cheyne and His Effect on Newton |
|
|
364 | (4) |
|
8.1.2 The Response to Newton's Opticks |
|
|
368 | (3) |
|
8.2 War is Officially Declared |
|
|
371 | (4) |
|
8.2.1 The Last Years in Peace |
|
|
371 | (1) |
|
8.2.2 John Keill Appoints Himself as the Army Commander |
|
|
372 | (3) |
|
8.3 Leibniz Responds and Keill Fights Back |
|
|
375 | (7) |
|
8.3.1 Leibniz Asks the Royal Society for Help |
|
|
375 | (3) |
|
8.3.2 The Royal Society Instructs Keill |
|
|
378 | (4) |
|
8.4 Newton Springs into Action |
|
|
382 | (5) |
|
8.4.1 The Fast Track Leading to the Commercium epistolicum |
|
|
382 | (2) |
|
8.4.2 The Commercium epistolicum |
|
|
384 | (3) |
|
|
387 | (20) |
|
8.5.1 An Error in the Principia |
|
|
387 | (5) |
|
8.5.2 The Second Edition of the Principia Becomes Due |
|
|
392 | (10) |
|
8.5.3 A Flyer is Published |
|
|
402 | (5) |
|
8.6 The Leibniz-Clarke Controversy |
|
|
407 | (3) |
|
8.7 Newton's Account and Raphson's History of Fluxions |
|
|
410 | (3) |
9 Beyond the Grave |
|
413 | (26) |
|
|
414 | (3) |
|
9.1.1 An Addendum to a Letter of 6th December 1715 |
|
|
414 | (1) |
|
9.1.2 Newton Becomes Active Again |
|
|
414 | (3) |
|
|
417 | (5) |
|
|
422 | (5) |
|
9.3.1 Bernoulli versus Keill, but in Favour of Newton |
|
|
422 | (2) |
|
9.3.2 Pierre des Maizeaux and His Recueil |
|
|
424 | (3) |
|
9.3.3 Commercium epistolicum Reloaded |
|
|
427 | (1) |
|
|
427 | (4) |
|
|
431 | (8) |
10 The Early Challenges |
|
439 | (34) |
|
10.1 Bernard Nieuwentijt and Leibniz's Calculus |
|
|
441 | (7) |
|
10.1.1 A Life in North Holland |
|
|
441 | (1) |
|
10.1.2 Nieuwentijt's Short Philosophical Fame |
|
|
442 | (1) |
|
10.1.3 The Fight Against Leibniz's Infinitesimals of Higher Order |
|
|
442 | (6) |
|
10.2 Bishop Berkeley and Newton's Fluxions |
|
|
448 | (17) |
|
10.2.1 A Life between Theology, Science, and Tar Water |
|
|
448 | (8) |
|
10.2.2 Berkeley's Philosophy of Mathematics |
|
|
456 | (2) |
|
|
458 | (2) |
|
|
460 | (5) |
|
10.3 The Reactions to Berkeley's Critique |
|
|
465 | (2) |
|
10.4 The Impact of Berkley's Critique |
|
|
467 | (6) |
11 The Aftermath of the War |
|
473 | (18) |
|
11.1 De Morgan's Work Concerning the Priority Dispute |
|
|
474 | (8) |
|
11.1.1 In Search of the 'True' Newton |
|
|
475 | (5) |
|
11.1.2 The Conflict with David Brewster |
|
|
480 | (2) |
|
11.2 England's Long Way to Analysis |
|
|
482 | (9) |
Epilogue |
|
491 | (4) |
Eberhard Knobloch's Epilogue |
|
495 | (4) |
References |
|
499 | (12) |
List of Figures |
|
511 | (22) |
Index of Names |
|
533 | (10) |
Subject Index |
|
543 | |