| Contributors |
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xi | |
| Preface |
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xv | |
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1 Evolutionary origins of chemical synapses |
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1 | (22) |
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2 | (3) |
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2 A brief prehistory of the chemical synapse |
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5 | (2) |
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3 Modes of neuronal integration: Electrical and chemical synaptic transmission |
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7 | (3) |
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4 Formation of chemical synapses in action |
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10 | (2) |
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5 Secretion and sensing elements at chemical synapses |
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12 | (3) |
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6 Summary and outstanding questions |
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15 | (2) |
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17 | (1) |
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17 | (4) |
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21 | (2) |
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2 Ultrastructural and molecular features of excitatory and glutamatergic synapses. The auditory nerve synapses |
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23 | (30) |
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24 | (1) |
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2 The history of synapse ultrastructure |
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24 | (2) |
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3 General features of the ultrastructure and molecular components of synapses |
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26 | (8) |
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4 Key ultrastructural features of the glutamatergic synapses PSD that correlate to synaptic function |
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34 | (4) |
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5 Molecular structure of auditory nerve synapses |
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38 | (6) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (1) |
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44 | (9) |
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3 Corticotropin releasing factor modulates excitatory synaptic transmission |
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53 | (18) |
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54 | (1) |
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55 | (1) |
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56 | (2) |
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58 | (1) |
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59 | (1) |
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60 | (2) |
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62 | (1) |
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63 | (1) |
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64 | (7) |
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4 Neurotrophin-3 modulates synaptic transmission |
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71 | (20) |
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Elizabeth Hernandez-Echeagaray |
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72 | (1) |
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73 | (1) |
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74 | (1) |
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4 NT-3 modulation of synaptic transmission |
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75 | (3) |
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5 Mechanisms of synaptic modulation |
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78 | (4) |
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6 Conclusions and open questions |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (1) |
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82 | (9) |
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5 Growth hormone (GH) and synaptogenesis |
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91 | (34) |
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Carlos G. Martinez-Moreno |
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92 | (1) |
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2 Growth hormone (GH) and GH receptor (GHR) |
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92 | (4) |
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3 Growth hormone and synaptogenesis during development |
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96 | (8) |
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4 Effects of GH in axonal growth and synaptic function |
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104 | (3) |
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5 Effects of GH in synaptic function during neuroprotection and neuroregeneration |
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107 | (7) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (1) |
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114 | (11) |
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6 Neural sex steroids and hippocampal synaptic plasticity |
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125 | (20) |
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1 Synthesis of sex steroids in the hippocampus |
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125 | (4) |
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2 How to assess synaptic plasticity in the hippocampus |
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129 | (3) |
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3 Paracrine mode of action of sex neurosteroids |
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132 | (2) |
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4 Sex-specific responsiveness of hippocampal neurons to sex neurosteroids |
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134 | (2) |
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5 Sex-specific differentiation of hippocampal neurons |
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136 | (1) |
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6 Conclusions and future directions |
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137 | (1) |
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138 | (1) |
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138 | (7) |
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7 Sex hormones and proteins involved in brain plasticity |
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145 | (22) |
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146 | (2) |
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148 | (1) |
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3 Sex hormones and brain plasticity |
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149 | (9) |
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4 Conclusions and future directions |
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158 | (1) |
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159 | (8) |
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8 Synaptic effects of estrogen |
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167 | (44) |
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168 | (1) |
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2 Physiological and pathophysiological roles of estrogen-induced synaptic plasticity |
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168 | (4) |
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3 Methodological considerations |
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172 | (4) |
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4 Effects of estradiol on spine and spine synapse density |
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176 | (3) |
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179 | (17) |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (14) |
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9 Estrogen receptor signaling through metabotropic glutamate receptors |
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211 | (22) |
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212 | (1) |
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2 Metabotropic glutamate receptors |
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213 | (3) |
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3 Estrogen receptor/mGluR interactions |
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216 | (7) |
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4 mGluR interactions with other hormone receptors |
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223 | (1) |
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5 Conclusions and future directions |
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224 | (1) |
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225 | (8) |
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10 Estradiol induces synaptic rearrangements |
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233 | (24) |
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234 | (1) |
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235 | (3) |
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3 Estrogens and spine density |
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238 | (6) |
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4 Estrogens and "Two-step Wiring Plasticity" |
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244 | (1) |
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5 Family of synaptic modulators |
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245 | (2) |
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247 | (1) |
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248 | (1) |
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248 | (9) |
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11 Stress and remodeling of hippocampal spine synapses |
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257 | (24) |
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1 Stress-induced loss of hippocampal spine synapses |
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258 | (2) |
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2 Mechanisms of synapse loss |
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260 | (6) |
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3 Synaptogenic hypothesis of major depressive disorder |
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266 | (1) |
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4 Relevance of prevention in antidepressant therapy |
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267 | (2) |
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5 Importance of electron microscopy |
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269 | (3) |
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272 | (1) |
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272 | (9) |
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12 Brain insulin resistance impairs hippocampal plasticity |
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281 | (26) |
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282 | (1) |
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283 | (8) |
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3 Effects of brain insulin resistance |
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291 | (4) |
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4 Crosstalk between brain insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease |
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295 | (2) |
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297 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (1) |
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298 | (9) |
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13 A potential role for dendritic spines in bisphenol-A induced memory impairments during adolescence and adulthood |
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307 | |
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1 Bisphenol-A (BPA): An endocrine disruptor |
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308 | (7) |
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2 Effects of BPA on dendritic spine plasticity |
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315 | (9) |
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3 Conclusions and future directions |
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324 | (1) |
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324 | |
