Preface: How This Book Came to be and for Whom it is Written |
|
xi | |
Acknowledgments |
|
xix | |
Abbreviations |
|
xxi | |
|
|
1 | (6) |
|
|
1 | (4) |
|
1.2 Why Should You File A Patent? |
|
|
5 | (2) |
|
2 Origins of U.S Patent Law |
|
|
7 | (5) |
|
2.1 A Brief History of Patent Law |
|
|
8 | (1) |
|
2.2 The Fountainhead: The Constitution and the U.S Patent System |
|
|
9 | (2) |
|
2.3 Are Patents a Monopoly? |
|
|
11 | (1) |
|
3 How to Invent: Intellectual Aspects of Inventing |
|
|
12 | (8) |
|
3.1 On the Definition of Creativity |
|
|
12 | (1) |
|
|
13 | (1) |
|
3.3 Patentable Creativity |
|
|
14 | (1) |
|
3.4 Intellectual Requirements of Inventing |
|
|
15 | (1) |
|
3.5 The Process and Product of Inventing |
|
|
16 | (1) |
|
3.6 Pioneering versus Mediocre Inventions: The Touch of the Expert |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
3.7 The Importance of Industrial Experience |
|
|
17 | (1) |
|
3.8 The Ultimate Goal: Innovation |
|
|
18 | (2) |
|
4 A Short Summary of Intellectual Property |
|
|
20 | (6) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
21 | (1) |
|
|
22 | (1) |
|
4.4 Trademarks and Servicemarks |
|
|
23 | (1) |
|
4.5 Other Types of Intellectual Property |
|
|
24 | (2) |
|
5 Requirements of Patentability |
|
|
26 | (29) |
|
|
26 | (1) |
|
5.2 Patentable and NonPatentable Subject Matter |
|
|
27 | (1) |
|
5.3 The Three Classes of Patents |
|
|
28 | (1) |
|
5.4 The First Law of Inventing |
|
|
28 | (16) |
|
|
29 | (2) |
|
|
31 | (1) |
|
5.4.2.1 The One-Year Rule |
|
|
32 | (1) |
|
5.4.2.2 Derivation Proceedings |
|
|
33 | (2) |
|
|
35 | (1) |
|
|
35 | (2) |
|
5.4.3.1 Aggregates and Composites |
|
|
37 | (1) |
|
5.4.3.2 The Teaching-Suggestion-Motivation Test |
|
|
38 | (1) |
|
5.4.3.3 Secondary Factors Suggesting Unobviousness |
|
|
39 | (1) |
|
5.4.3.4 The Doctrine of Inherency |
|
|
40 | (1) |
|
5.4.3.5 Combination of References |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
5.4.3.6 New Compounds by Purification |
|
|
41 | (1) |
|
5.4.3.7 Differences Between Novelty and Unobviousness |
|
|
42 | (1) |
|
5.4.3.8 Why We Need Unobviousness |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
5.4.3.9 Summary of the Invention Content Law |
|
|
43 | (1) |
|
5.5 The Second Law of Inventing |
|
|
44 | (4) |
|
|
44 | (2) |
|
5.5.2 Reduction to Practice |
|
|
46 | (1) |
|
5.5.3 The Prophetic Patent |
|
|
46 | (2) |
|
5.6 The Structure of the Patent Document |
|
|
48 | (7) |
|
|
48 | (2) |
|
|
50 | (2) |
|
|
52 | (3) |
|
6 How Does The Patent Process Work? |
|
|
55 | (19) |
|
|
56 | (1) |
|
6.2 The Provisional Patent Application |
|
|
56 | (2) |
|
6.3 The (Regular or Nonprovisional) Patent Application |
|
|
58 | (2) |
|
6.4 Prosecution: Convincing the Patent Examiner |
|
|
60 | (4) |
|
6.4.1 Starting the Prosecution Process |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
6.4.2 The First Office Action |
|
|
61 | (1) |
|
6.4.3 Allowances and Rejections by the PTO |
|
|
62 | (1) |
|
|
63 | (1) |
|
6.5 Continuation, Continuation-in-Part, and Divisional Applications |
|
|
64 | (4) |
|
6.5.1 Continuation Applications |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
6.5.1.1 Differences Between Priority Dates and Filing Dates |
|
|
65 | (1) |
|
6.5.1.2 Requirements for a Continuation Application |
|
|
66 | (1) |
|
6.5.2 Continuation-in-Part Applications |
|
|
67 | (1) |
|
6.5.3 Divisional Applications |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
6.6 Allowance and Issuance |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
6.7 Loss of Patent Rights |
|
|
68 | (1) |
|
6.8 Challenges and Changes to Issued Patents |
|
|
69 | (4) |
|
|
69 | (1) |
|
6.8.2 Inter Partes Review |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
6.8.3 Reissue Application and Reissue Patents |
|
|
70 | (1) |
|
6.8.4 Supplemental Examination |
|
|
71 | (1) |
|
6.8.5 Summary of Post-Grant Proceedings |
|
|
71 | (2) |
|
6.9 Summary of Chapters 5 and 6 |
|
|
73 | (1) |
|
7 Infringement and Freedom to Operate |
|
|
74 | (10) |
|
7.1 The Parable of the Knife |
|
|
75 | (2) |
|
7.1.1 The Story of Chlorobutyl Rubber |
|
|
76 | (1) |
|
7.1.2 Anticipation versus Domination |
|
|
77 | (1) |
|
7.2 Types of Infringement |
|
|
77 | (2) |
|
7.2.1 Literal (or Direct) Infringement |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
7.2.2 The Doctrine of Equivalents |
|
|
78 | (1) |
|
7.2.3 Contributory Infringement |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
|
79 | (1) |
|
7.4 When to Sue an Infringer |
|
|
80 | (1) |
|
|
80 | (2) |
|
|
81 | (1) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
7.6 Prior Commercial Use Rights |
|
|
82 | (2) |
|
|
82 | (1) |
|
7.6.2 Exceptions to the Prior Commercial Use Defense |
|
|
83 | (1) |
|
8 Biotechnology, Computer Software, and Business Method Patents |
|
|
84 | (7) |
|
8.1 Biology Meets Patents |
|
|
85 | (4) |
|
8.1.1 The Supreme Court: Living Things Are Patentable |
|
|
85 | (1) |
|
8.1.2 The Budapest Treaty |
|
|
86 | (1) |
|
8.1.3 The Consequences of the Supreme Court's Ruling |
|
|
86 | (3) |
|
8.2 Computer Software Patents |
|
|
89 | (1) |
|
8.3 Business Method Patents |
|
|
90 | (1) |
|
|
91 | (5) |
|
9.1 Conceiving an Inventive Idea |
|
|
92 | (1) |
|
|
93 | (2) |
|
9.3 Naming Inventors on Patent Applications |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
9.4 Qualifications to Be an Inventor |
|
|
95 | (1) |
|
|
96 | (6) |
|
10.1 Selling, Licensing and Assigning Patents |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
10.2 Hired-to-Invent and Shop Rights |
|
|
97 | (1) |
|
10.3 Inventing on Your Own Time |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
10.4 Non-Compete Agreements |
|
|
98 | (1) |
|
|
99 | (3) |
|
|
100 | (1) |
|
10.5.2 University Technology Transfer |
|
|
101 | (1) |
|
11 Translating Ideas Into Economic Reward |
|
|
102 | (14) |
|
11.1 The Costs of Patenting |
|
|
102 | (2) |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
11.1.2 Patent Application Fees |
|
|
103 | (1) |
|
11.1.3 Patent Maintenance Fees |
|
|
104 | (1) |
|
|
104 | (6) |
|
11.2.1 Technology Validation |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
11.2.2 Protection Validation |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
11.2.2.1 Assessing Patent Protection |
|
|
105 | (1) |
|
11.2.2.2 Assessing Trade Secret Protection |
|
|
106 | (1) |
|
11.2.2.3 The Economic Espionage Act |
|
|
107 | (1) |
|
11.2.2.4 Non-Disclosure Agreements (NDAs) |
|
|
108 | (1) |
|
11.2.3 Commercial Viability and Market Assessment |
|
|
109 | (1) |
|
11.3 Selling and Licensing a Patent |
|
|
110 | (2) |
|
11.3.1 Licensors and Licensees |
|
|
110 | (1) |
|
11.3.2 Exclusive versus Nonexclusive Licenses |
|
|
111 | (1) |
|
11.4 Start-Ups, Spin-Outs, and Joint Ventures |
|
|
112 | (1) |
|
11.5 Patenting and Marketing Departments; Technology Transfer Offices |
|
|
113 | (1) |
|
|
114 | (2) |
|
|
116 | (9) |
|
12.1 Distinctive Features of U.S Patent Law |
|
|
117 | (1) |
|
12.2 The International Patent Cooperation Treaty |
|
|
118 | (2) |
|
12.2.1 PCT Examination Procedures |
|
|
118 | (1) |
|
12.2.2 Deciding Whether to File a PCT |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
12.2.3 The Patent Prosecution Highway |
|
|
119 | (1) |
|
12.3 The European Patent Union |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
12.3.1 European Patent Office Procedures |
|
|
120 | (1) |
|
12.3.2 Nationalization of European Patents |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
12.4 Other Foreign Patent Practices |
|
|
121 | (2) |
|
12.4.1 Claims Interpretation |
|
|
121 | (1) |
|
12.4.2 Patent Examination Procedures Abroad |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
12.4.3 Centralized Patent Offices |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
12.4.4 Procedures for Rewarding Inventors |
|
|
122 | (1) |
|
12.5 Enforcing Patents Abroad |
|
|
123 | (1) |
|
12.6 Choosing Whether to File a Foreign Patent Application |
|
|
124 | (1) |
|
|
125 | (6) |
|
13.1 Innovation Is More Than Invention |
|
|
125 | (1) |
|
13.2 What Drives Innovation |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
13.3 The Law of Innovation |
|
|
126 | (1) |
|
13.4 Companies and Innovation |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
13.5 The Innovation and Job Creation Relationship |
|
|
127 | (1) |
|
13.6 Discovery Push versus Market Pull Innovation |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
13.7 Incremental versus Disruptive Innovation |
|
|
128 | (1) |
|
13.8 Sources of Innovation |
|
|
129 | (1) |
|
13.9 Innovation and Public Policy |
|
|
129 | (2) |
|
|
131 | (8) |
|
14.1 Is the Patent System Worth the Costs? |
|
|
131 | (2) |
|
14.2 The Patent System Leads to Additional Research and Knowledge Creation |
|
|
133 | (1) |
|
14.3 Fostering Competition |
|
|
134 | (1) |
|
14.4 Results of Ignorance of the Patent System |
|
|
135 | (1) |
|
14.5 How Law and Technology Yield Patents |
|
|
136 | (3) |
Appendix 1 Important Forms |
|
139 | (38) |
Appendix 2 Self-Assessment Questions |
|
177 | (19) |
Glossary |
|
196 | (13) |
Index |
|
209 | |