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How Many Subjects?: Statistical Power Analysis in Research 2nd Revised edition [Mīkstie vāki]

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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 160 pages, height x width: 228x152 mm, weight: 250 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Apr-2015
  • Izdevniecība: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1483319547
  • ISBN-13: 9781483319544
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  • Formāts: Paperback / softback, 160 pages, height x width: 228x152 mm, weight: 250 g
  • Izdošanas datums: 07-Apr-2015
  • Izdevniecība: SAGE Publications Inc
  • ISBN-10: 1483319547
  • ISBN-13: 9781483319544
Citas grāmatas par šo tēmu:
Kraemer and Blasey present students, academics, and researchers with the second edition of their investigation of techniques in statistical power analysis, providing researchers with an effective tool to plan their studies. The authors have organized the main body of their text in ten chapters devoted to general concepts, intraclass correlation, equality of means, correlation of coefficients, and a wide variety of other related subjects. Helena Chmura Kraemer is a retired faculty member of Stanford University, California. Christine Blasey is a faculty member of Palo Alto University, and a researcher at Stanford University, California. Annotation ©2015 Ringgold, Inc., Portland, OR (protoview.com)

Addressing a common question posed by researchers, this book introduces readers to power analysis and sample size determination and clearly illustrates why sample sizes need to be sufficiently large to give good power properties and low error rates.



With increased emphasis on helping readers understand the context in which power calculations are done, thisSecond Edition of How Many Subjects? by Helena Chmura Kraemer and Christine Blasey introduces a simple technique of statistical power analysis that allows researchers to compute approximate sample sizes and power for a wide range of research designs. Because the same technique is used with only slight modifications for different statistical tests, researchers can then easily compare the sample sizes required by different designs and tests to make cost-effective decisions in planning a study. These comparisons demonstrate important principles of design, measurement, and analysis that are rarely discussed in courses or textbooks, making this book a valuable instructional resource as well as a must-have guide for frequent reference. 

Recenzijas

"Kraemer and Blasey provide an authoritative and readable introduction into applied statistical power analysis and its application with many common statistical procedures." -- Glenn Gamst "This is a necessary text for anyone conducting research in the real world. Nowhere else will you find a better answer to the question, How Many Subjects?"  -- Bryan Rooney

List of Greek Symbols
vii
Preface to the Second Edition viii
Acknowledgments xi
About the Authors xii
1 The "Rules of the Game"
1(21)
1.1 Exploratory Studies
1(4)
1.2 Hypothesis Formulation
5(1)
1.3 The Null Hypothesis
6(1)
1.4 Design
6(1)
1.5 The Statistical Test
7(2)
1.6 Effect Sizes: Critical, True, and Estimated
9(3)
1.7 Power
12(10)
References
20(2)
2 General Concepts
22(8)
2.1 Introduction to the Power Table
25(3)
2.2 Statistical Considerations
28(2)
References
29(1)
3 The Pivotal Case: Intraclass Correlation
30(5)
3.1 An Intraclass Correlation Test
30(2)
3.2 The ANOVA Approach to Intraclass Correlation Test
32(1)
3.3 Normal Approximation to the Intraclass Theory
32(1)
3.4 Noncentral t
33(1)
3.5 Variance Ratios
33(1)
3.6 Discussion
34(1)
References
34(1)
4 Equality of Means: z- and t-tests, Balanced ANOVA
35(27)
4.1 Single-Sample Test, Variance Known: z-test
35(5)
4.2 Single-Sample t-test
40(1)
4.3 Two-Sample t-test
41(2)
4.4 An Exercise in Planning
43(11)
4.5 Controversial Issues
54(5)
4.6 Balanced Analysis of Variance (ANOVA)
59(1)
4.7 Discussion
60(2)
References
61(1)
5 Correlation Coefficients
62(11)
5.1 Intraclass Correlation Coefficient
62(3)
5.2 Product-Moment Correlation Coefficient
65(2)
5.3 Rank Correlation Coefficients
67(2)
5.4 You Study What You Measure!
69(4)
References
72(1)
6 Linear Regression Analysis
73(13)
6.1 Simple Linear Regression
74(2)
6.2 Experimental Design: Choosing the X-values
76(2)
6.3 A Simple Linear Moderation Example
78(3)
6.4 Problems: Collinearity and Interactions
81(2)
6.5 Multiple Linear Regression
83(3)
References
85(1)
7 Homogeneity of Variance Tests
86(5)
7.1 Two Independent Samples
86(2)
7.2 Matched Samples
88(3)
References
90(1)
8 Binomial Tests
91(7)
8.1 Single-Sample Binomial Tests
91(3)
8.2 Two-Sample Binomial Tests
94(4)
References
97(1)
9 Contingency Table Analysis
98(6)
9.1 The I by J Χ2-test
99(2)
9.2 An Example of a 3 by 2 Contingency Table Analysis
101(3)
References
103(1)
10 Wrap-Up
104(8)
Step 1 Exploration, Hypothesis Generation
105(2)
Step 2 Design of a Hypothesis-Testing Study
107(1)
Step 3 A Pilot Study?
108(1)
Step 4 Doing the Proposed Hypothesis-Testing Study With Fidelity
109(1)
Step 5 Independent Confirmation/Replication (Meta-Analysis)
110(2)
References
111(1)
Summary Table 112(4)
Master Table 116(13)
References 129(3)
Index 132
Helena Chmura Kraemer is professor emerita of biostatistics in the Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences at Stanford University. She earned her BA in mathematics from Smith College, attended Manchester University on a Fulbright Scholarship, and received her PhD in statistics from Stanford University. Kraemers specific research interests include improvement to randomized clinical trial methodology, assessment of reliability and validity of diagnoses and clinical measurement, and developing mathematical models for specific problems in behavioral and clinical research. She has published extensively in the behavioral as well as statistical literature. Kraemer has received the Harvard Prize in Psychiatric Biostatistics and Epidemiology (2001), the Andrew C. Leon Distinguished Career Award (2014), an Honorary Doctor of Science from Wesleyan University (2014), and is a member of the Institute of Medicine, National Academy of Sciences (2003). In retirement, she continues to serve on several editorial boards, and consult on research projects. 

Christine Blasey is a professor in the PGSP-Stanford Consortium, an academic program taught by faculty drawn from Palo Alto University and the Stanford University School of Medicine Department of Psychiatry.