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E-grāmata: How Megaprojects Are Damaging Nigeria and How to Fix It: A Practical Guide to Mastering Very Large Government Projects

  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 12-May-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030964740
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  • Formāts: PDF+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 12-May-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Springer Nature Switzerland AG
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9783030964740

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Since 1960, two-thirds of very large governmental projects in Nigeria have not only failed, but been abandoned mid-course. This presents a bigger failure rate than mega projects elsewhere, and yet there is no available data or analysis to help us understand the reasons behind such failures. This book provides an authoritative examination into why very large projects in Nigeria have failed so badly, and provides practical recommendations on how the Nigerian government can improve its project performance.

Drawing on data from 38 very large projects (19 completed and 19 abandoned) with a total budget of over $25B, this book presents detailed analysis of these projects and in-depth case studies 11 of the projects, and presents lessons for improvement. Through this, the authors have identified a small number of key success drivers, and argue that making moderate improvements on any of them would, on average, save hundreds of millions of dollars on one large project alone.

This book is a game-changer in the management of government mega projects in Nigeria. With clear implications for other developing economies, this is a vital resource for project management practitioners, executives and civil servants.

This is an open access book.


1 Introduction: The Project Abandonment Problem
1(8)
References
6(3)
2 What We Know About the Management of Very Large Projects
9(18)
2.1 Project Success Factors as Lists
10(3)
2.2 The Project Success Frameworks of Miller and Lessard and Morris and Hough
13(4)
2.2.1 Miller and Lessard (2000)
13(2)
2.2.2 Morris and Hough (1987)
15(2)
2.3 The Nigerian Context
17(1)
2.4 The Extended Theoretical Framework
18(4)
2.5 What About Corruption?
22(1)
References
23(4)
3 Structure of the Investigation
27(22)
3.1 Overview of the Approach Taken in This Study
27(1)
3.2 Construction and Execution of the Survey
28(4)
3.3 Construction of the Sample of Projects
32(3)
3.4 Construction of the Case Studies
35(2)
Appendix: Full Questionnaire as It Was Administered
37(1)
Our Request
37(1)
Project Variables
38(9)
References
47(2)
4 A Description of the 38 Matched Projects
49(44)
4.1 Lagos-Ibadan Express Road
49(1)
4.2 Lagos-Badagry Express Road
50(2)
4.3 Third Mainland Bridge
52(1)
4.4 Second Niger Bridge
53(1)
4.5 Egbin Power Station
54(1)
4.6 Calabar Power Station
55(1)
4.7 Zungeru Hydropower Plant
56(1)
4.8 Delta State (Oghareki) Power Plant
57(1)
4.9 Shiroro Hydroelectric Power Station
58(1)
4.10 Omoku Power Plant Station
59(1)
4.11 Mambilla Hydroelectric Power
60(2)
4.12 Ajaokuta Steel Project
62(1)
4.13 KanjiDam
63(1)
4.14 Otukpo Dam
64(1)
4.15 Nigeria Satellite 2
65(1)
4.16 Nigeria Satellite 1
66(1)
4.17 Airtel Nigeria
66(2)
4.18 Nigerian Telecommunications Limited (NITEL)
68(1)
4.19 Godswill Akpabio International Stadium
68(2)
4.20 (Samuel) Ogbemudia Stadium
70(1)
4.21 Abuja International Airport
71(1)
4.22 Lagos MMA2 Airport
72(1)
4.23 Yenagoa International Cargo Airport
73(1)
4.24 Jigawa Airport Project
74(1)
4.25 Tin Can Island Port
75(1)
4.26 Calabar Seaport
76(1)
4.27 Victoria Garden City (VGC) Housing Estate
77(1)
4.28 Festac Town Federal Housing Estate
78(2)
4.29 1004 Housing Estate
80(1)
4.30 Abuja Mass Federal Housing Project
81(1)
4.31 Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library
82(1)
4.32 Abuja National Library
83(1)
4.33 Nigerian Youth Empowerment Scheme (N-Power)
84(1)
4.34 Nigeria Subsidy Reinvestment and Empowerment Programme (SURE-P)
85(1)
4.35 Lagos State Waste Management Authority (LAWMA)
85(2)
4.36 Cleaner Lagos Initiative (Visionscape)
87(1)
4.37 University College Teaching Hospital (UCH) Ibadan
88(2)
4.38 University of Abuja Teaching Hospital (UATH)
90(1)
References
91(2)
5 Insights from the Analysis of the Questionnaires
93(36)
5.1 Variable Distributions and Variable Capability to Detect Differences Across Projects
94(7)
5.1.1 Each Respondent Type Adds Unique Perspectives and Information
94(4)
5.1.2 The Variables Capture Robust Differences Between Abandoned and Completed Projects
98(3)
5.2 Condensing Variables into Aggregated Success Factors
101(3)
5.2.1 Approach
101(1)
5.2.2 Identifying the Factors
102(2)
5.3 Econometric Prediction of Project Completion
104(4)
5.4 Econometric Prediction of Cost and Schedule Overruns for Completed Projects
108(6)
5.4.1 Effect of Variables on Budget Overruns
108(3)
5.4.2 Effect of Variables on Schedule Overruns
111(3)
5.5 The Corrosive Effect of Corruption
114(1)
Appendix 1 Correlations Among Independent Variables Across All
114(3)
Responses
117(3)
Appendix 2 Factor Analysis
120(3)
Appendix 3 Specification of the Logistical Regression
123(1)
Appendix 4 The Logistical Completion Probability Regression by Respondent Group
123(2)
Appendix 5 Robustness Analysis: Cost Overrun Regressions by Respondent Group
125(1)
Appendix 6 Robustness Analysis: Schedule Overrun Regressions by Respondent Group
126(3)
6 Two Library Projects
129(8)
6.1 The National Library of Nigeria in Abuja: An Abandoned Project
129(4)
6.1.1 Project Initiation
129(1)
6.1.2 Contract Signature and Execution
130(2)
6.1.3 Conclusion
132(1)
6.2 Olusegun Obasanjo Presidential Library: A Completed Project
133(2)
6.2.1 Project Initiation
133(1)
6.2.2 Project Execution and Outcome
133(2)
6.2.3 The Difference Between the Two Projects: In the Words of Former President basanjo
135(1)
References
135(2)
7 Two Bridge Projects
137(14)
7.1 The Second Niger Bridge: A Stalled Project
137(7)
7.1.1 Project Initiation
137(2)
7.1.2 Contract Disputes and Recontracting
139(1)
7.1.3 Continued Stalling
140(2)
7.1.4 Diagnosis of the Reasons for Failure, in the Words of (Former) President Jonathan
142(1)
7.1.5 Conclusion
143(1)
7.2 The Third Mainland Bridge: A Completed Project
144(4)
7.2.1 Introduction
144(1)
7.2.2 Starting and Stalling
144(1)
7.2.3 Restarting the Project Under President Babangida
145(1)
7.2.4 Project Execution and Outcome
146(1)
7.2.5 Conclusion
147(1)
References
148(3)
8 Two Power Plants
151(10)
8.1 Egbin Power Station, Ikorodu Lagos State: A Completed Project
151(3)
8.1.1 Initiation and Completion
151(1)
8.1.2 Success Conditions and Challenges
152(1)
8.1.3 Privatization and Trouble
153(1)
8.2 The Calabar Odukpani Power Station: Completed but with Little Delivery
154(5)
8.2.1 Project Initiation
154(1)
8.2.2 Project Complications and Delays
155(1)
8.2.3 Delivery of the Calabar Power Station in 2015
156(1)
8.2.4 What Has Been Delivered? Lessons from the Project
157(2)
References
159(2)
9 Two Express Road Rehabilitation Projects
161(16)
9.1 The Lagos-Ibadan Express Road Rehabilitation: A Completed Project
161(6)
9.1.1 Original Construction of the Express Road
161(1)
9.1.2 A Reconstruction Project in a PPP Scheme
162(2)
9.1.3 Restructuring the Project as a Government-Owned Project
164(1)
9.1.4 Discussion
165(2)
9.2 Lagos-Badagry Express Road Rehabilitation: A Stalled Project
167(6)
9.2.1 Brief History
167(2)
9.2.2 Was the Problem the Fault of the Contractor?
169(1)
9.2.3 Dodgy Funding and Accounting
170(2)
9.2.4 Protest, Additional Funding and Patching Up
172(1)
9.2.5 Conclusion
173(1)
References
173(4)
10 Two More Power Plants
177(10)
10.1 The Zungeru Dam/Hydropower Plant: A (Soon-to-Be) Completed Project
177(3)
10.1.1 Brief History
177(2)
10.1.2 Enabling Factors of Completion
179(1)
10.2 The Delta State Oghareki Power Plant: An Abandoned Project
180(5)
10.2.1 Initiation
180(1)
10.2.2 The Alleged Corruption
181(2)
10.2.3 Implications
183(2)
References
185(2)
11 The Ajaokuta Steel Project
187(12)
11.1 Project Initiation
187(2)
11.2 Project Construction and Cessation by 1988
189(2)
11.3 The PPP Revival of 2000-2007
191(2)
11.4 The State of the Asset
193(1)
11.5 Conclusion
194(2)
References
196(3)
12 Insights and Recommendations
199(30)
12.1 Summary and Discussion of the Findings
199(7)
12.2 Developing Solutions: Inspiration from Other Countries
206(6)
12.3 Recommendations
212(11)
12.3.1 Recommendations Part 1: Short-Term Changes
213(2)
12.3.2 Recommendations Part 2: Longer-Term Structural Changes
215(8)
13 Conclusion: The Government Responsibility
223(6)
Index 229
Jimoh Ibrahim is a prominent businessman in Nigeria, with business interests in hotels, insurance, banking,  oil and gas, real estate, and airlines. He is also currently completing his Business Doctorate degree at the University of Cambridge Judge Business School. He holds a Bachelors degree in law and a Master of Public Administration from the Obafemi Awolowo University Ile Ife, Nigeria, in addition to a Master of Science in Mega Project Management from the University of Oxford Said Business School, and a Master of Business Administration from the University of Cambridge. He is also an alumnus of the Harvard Law School and holds other degrees.

In the public sector, Jimoh Ibrahim was in 2005 appointed as the Honorary Consul of the Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe to the Federal Republic of Nigeria for life in 2007. He was appointed by the President of the Federal Republic of Nigeria as the Chairman of the Board of Directors of the Nigeria Corporate Affairs Commission (equivalent of the British Company House). In addition, the president of Nigeria conferred on him the higher National Honours of Officer of the order of the Federal Republic OFR and Commander of the Order of Federal Republic CFR (the equivalent of the British Knight Commander of the Most Excellent Order of the British Empire CBE). Ibrahim is currently working on establishing a new University in Nigeria.

Christoph Loch is Professor of Operations and Technology Management at the Cambridge Judge Business School. He served as the Dean of the school from 2011 to 2021, in which period the school grew from £25M to £60M in annual revenues and rose in Financial Times rankings into the global top 20. Professor Loch is globally known for research on innovation, operations management, and project management, and he has received a research award from the Project Management Institute (PMI). He is a well-known speaker and instructor on innovation and on project management. He has written a previous book on project management in addition to books on innovation and management quality in manufacturing.

Kishore Sengupta is Professor of Operations and Technology Management at the Cambridge Judge Business School. He is an internationally known researcher on project management, and he is the programme director of the project management executive education offering at the Cambridge Judge Business School.