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E-grāmata: Human Factors Handbook for Process Plant Operations: Improving Process Safety and System Performance

  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Mar-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-AIChE
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119640479
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  • Formāts: EPUB+DRM
  • Izdošanas datums: 25-Mar-2022
  • Izdevniecība: Wiley-AIChE
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9781119640479
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Human Factors Handbook for Process Plant Operations Provides clear and simple instructions for integrating Human Factors principles and practices in the design of processes and work tasks

Human Factors, the science of interaction between humans and other elements of a system, draws from disciplines such as psychology, ergonomics, anthropometrics, and physiology to understand how and why people behave and perform as they doand how best to support them in performing tasks. The goals of the Human Factors approach are to improve human reliability, minimize the risk from human error, and optimize the working environment, human wellbeing, and overall system performance.

Human Factors Handbook for Process Plant Operations guides supervisors, managers, and engineers on incorporating Human Factors principles and practices into plant maintenance and operations. With thorough and accessible coverage of all Human Factors topics of relevance to process industries, this easy-to-use handbook uses real-world anecdotes and case studies to demonstrate effective training and learning, task planning, communications, emergency response, risk and error management, and more. Throughout the text, the authors offer valuable insights into why people make mistakes while providing advice on how to help workers perform their process operational tasks successfully.





Explains all essential Human Factors concepts and knowledge with clear descriptions and illustrative examples Offers actionable advice and models of good practice that can be applied to design, process operations, start-ups and shut-downs, and maintenance Addresses job aids, equipment design, competence, task support, non-technical skills, working with contractors, and managing change Discusses how lack of Human Factors considerations during the engineering design phase can adversely affect safety and performance Describes how to use indicators to both recognize and learn from human error and performance issues

Written by highly experienced operating and maintenance personnel, Human Factors Handbook for Process Plant Operations is an indispensable resource for everyone involved with defining, planning, training, and managing process operations, maintenance, and emergency response in the food, pharmaceutical, chemical, petroleum, and refining industries.

The missions of both the CCPS and EI include developing and disseminating knowledge, skills and good practices to protect people, the environment, and property by bringing the best knowledge and practices to industry, academia, governments and the public around the world through collective wisdom, tools, training and expertise. The CCPS, an industrial technology alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), has been at the forefront of documenting and sharing important process safety risk assessment methodologies for more than 35 years and has published over 100 books in its process safety guidelines and process safety concept book series. The EIs Technical Work Program addresses the depth and breadth of the energy sector from fuels and fuels distribution to health and safety, sustainability and the environment. The EI program provides cost-effective, value-adding knowledge on key current and future international issues affecting those in the energy sector.
List of contributors xiii
Foreword xv
Preface xvii
1 Human physiology and contactless vital signs monitoring using camera and wireless signals
Xuyu Wang
Dangdang Shao
1.1 Contactless vital signs monitoring with cameras and wireless
2(1)
1.2 Camera-based vital signs monitoring
2(1)
1.3 Current techniques of camera-based vital signs monitoring
2(6)
1.3.1 Camera-based pulse monitoring
2(2)
1.3.2 Cardiac-related physiological signals using camera-based methods
4(2)
1.3.3 Camera-based respiration monitoring
6(1)
1.3.4 Camera-based body temperature monitoring
7(1)
1.4 Applications of camera-based vital signs monitoring
8(2)
1.4.1 Clinical applications
8(1)
1.4.2 Free-living applications
9(1)
1.5 Wireless-based vital signs monitoring
10(1)
1.6 Current techniques of wireless-based vital signs monitoring
10(8)
1.6.1 Radar-based vital signs monitoring
11(1)
1.6.2 RSS-based vital signs monitoring
12(2)
1.6.3 CSI-based vital signs monitoring
14(1)
1.6.4 RFID-based vital signs monitoring
15(1)
1.6.5 Acoustic-based vital signs monitoring
16(2)
1.7 Conclusions
18(1)
Acknowledgments
19(1)
References
19(8)
Part I Camera-based vital signs monitoring
2 Physiological origin of camera-based PPG imaging
Alexei A. Kamshilin
Oleg V. Mamontov
2.1 Introduction
27(1)
2.2 Conventional PPG model: blood volume modulation
28(2)
2.3 How to explain the largest modulation of the green light?
30(2)
2.4 Alternative PPG model: tissue compression modulation
32(1)
2.5 Boundary conditions and influence of skin contact
33(1)
2.6 Pulsatile dermis compression and modulation of IR light
33(1)
2.7 Light modulation in a single capillary
34(2)
2.8 Irregularity of RBC motion
36(1)
2.9 Occlusion plethysmography
37(2)
2.10 Peculiarities of light interaction with cerebral vessels
39(2)
2.11 APC as a measure of the arterial tone
41(1)
2.12 Green-light camera-based PPG and cutaneous perfusion
42(3)
2.13 Conclusive remarks
45(1)
Acknowledgments
46(1)
References
46(5)
3 Model-based camera-PPG: pulse rate monitoring in fitness
Albertus C. den Brinker
Wenjin Wang
3.1 Introduction
51(4)
3.2 Model-based pulse rate extraction
55(7)
3.3 Fitness application
62(3)
3.3.1 Experimental setup
63(1)
3.3.2 Processing chain
64(1)
3.3.3 Performance metric
64(1)
3.4 Results
65(6)
3.4.1 Reference creation
65(1)
3.4.2 System performance
66(5)
3.5 Discussion
71(1)
3.6 Conclusions
71(1)
Appendix 3.A PBV determination
72(2)
3.A.1 Optical path descriptors
72(1)
3.A.2 Experimental PBV determination
73(1)
Appendix 3.B Pseudocode for model-based PPG
74(2)
References
76(3)
4 Camera-based respiration monitoring: motion and PPG-based measurement
Wenjin Wang
Albertus C. den Brinker
4.1 Introduction
79(4)
4.2 Setup and measurements
83(2)
4.2.1 Camera setup in the MR system
83(1)
4.2.2 Data collection and preparation
84(1)
4.3 Methods
85(6)
4.3.1 PPG-based
85(1)
4.3.2 Motion-based: optical flow
85(3)
4.3.3 Motion-based: profile correlation
88(1)
4.3.4 Respiratory signal and rate
88(3)
4.4 Results and discussion
91(4)
4.5 Conclusions
95(1)
References
95(4)
5 Camera-based blood oxygen measurement
Izumi Nishidate
5.1 Introduction
99(2)
5.2 Principle
101(3)
5.3 Application: monitoring blood oxygen saturation in human skin
104(2)
5.4 Application: monitoring blood oxygen saturation in skin during changes in fraction of inspired oxygen
106(2)
5.5 Application: monitoring blood oxygen saturation in brain
108(3)
5.6 Application: monitoring blood oxygen saturation in hepatic ischemia-reperfusion
111(3)
References
114(5)
6 Camera-based blood pressure monitoring
Keerthana Natarajan
Mohammad Yavarimanesh
Wenjin Wang
Ramakrishna Mukkamala
6.1 Advantages over other potential cuff-less BP measurement devices
119(1)
6.2 Theoretical principles
120(14)
6.2.1 Contactless acquisition of arterial waveforms
120(5)
6.2.2 Extraction of waveform features that correlate with BP
125(5)
6.2.3 Calibration of features to BP using cuff BP measurements
130(4)
6.3 Summary of previous experimental studies
134(6)
6.3.1 Key camera-based BP monitoring investigations
135(3)
6.3.2 Relevant contact-sensor BP monitoring investigations
138(2)
6.4 Conclusions
140(2)
6.4.1 Summary
140(1)
6.4.2 Future research directions
140(2)
6.4.3 Outlook
142(1)
Acknowledgments
142(1)
References
142(7)
7 Clinical applications for imaging photoplethysmography
Sebastian Zaunseder
Stefan Rasche
7.1 Overview
149(1)
7.2 Patient monitoring and risk assessment
150(6)
7.2.1 Current monitoring-target groups and technology
150(1)
7.2.2 Patient monitoring by iPPG-measures of relevance
150(4)
7.2.3 Patient monitoring by iPPG-realistic usage scenarios
154(2)
7.3 Application beyond patient monitoring
156(4)
7.3.1 Sleep medicine
156(1)
7.3.2 Local perfusion analysis
157(2)
7.3.3 Skin microcirculation as diagnostic proxy
159(1)
7.3.4 Further applications
159(1)
7.4 Summary and outlook
160(1)
Acknowledgments
161(1)
References
161(4)
8 Applications of camera-based physiological measurement beyond healthcare
Daniel McDuff
8.1 The evolution from the lab to the real world
165(3)
8.2 The promise for ubiquitous computing
168(4)
8.2.1 Fitness and wellness
168(2)
8.2.2 Affective computing
170(1)
8.2.3 Biometric recognition and liveness detection
171(1)
8.2.4 Avatars, remote communication, and mixed reality
172(1)
8.3 Challenges
172(1)
8.4 Ethics and privacy implications
173(1)
8.5 Regulation
174(1)
8.6 Summary
174(1)
References
174(7)
Part II Wireless sensor-based vital signs monitoring
9 Radar-based vital signs monitoring
Jingtao Liu
Yuchen Li
Changzhan Gu
9.1 Introduction
181(2)
9.2 Vital signs monitoring through continuous-wave radar
183(8)
9.2.1 Theory
183(3)
9.2.2 Vital signs monitoring
186(5)
9.3 Vital signs monitoring using FMCW radar
191(10)
9.3.1 Composition of an FMCW radar system
191(1)
9.3.2 Analysis of an FMCW radar IF signal
192(1)
9.3.3 FMCW radar parameter estimation
193(5)
9.3.4 Examples of FMCW radar on contactless vital signs monitoring
198(3)
9.4 Conclusion
201(1)
References
201(4)
10 Received power-based vital signs monitoring
Jie Wang
Alemayehu Solomon Abrar
Neal Patwari
10.1 Introduction
205(2)
10.2 Related work
207(4)
10.2.1 Radar approaches
208(1)
10.2.2 Repurposing wireless transceivers
208(3)
10.3 Received power-based vital signs monitoring
211(3)
10.3.1 Received power model
211(3)
10.3.2 Estimating rates from received power
214(3)
10.4 Implementation
215(1)
10.4.1 Hardware
215(1)
10.4.2 Software
216(1)
10.4.3 Experimental setup
216(1)
10.5 Experimental results
217(9)
10.5.1 Breathing-rate accuracy
218(5)
10.5.2 Pulse-rate accuracy
223(3)
10.6 Conclusion
226(1)
References
227(4)
11 WiFi CSI-based vital signs monitoring
Daqing Zhang
Youwei Zeng
Fusang Zhang
Jie Xiong
11.1 Introduction
231(1)
11.2 An historic review of WiFi-based human respiration monitoring
232(3)
11.2.1 RSS-based respiration monitoring
232(1)
11.2.2 CSI-based respiration monitoring
232(3)
11.3 The principle of WiFi CSI-based respiration monitoring
235(5)
11.3.1 The basics of WiFi CSI
235(1)
11.3.2 Modeling human respiration
235(1)
11.3.3 Fresnel diffraction and reflection sensing models
235(5)
11.4 Robust single-person respiration monitoring
240(7)
11.4.1 Removing "blind spots" for respiration monitoring
240(2)
11.4.2 Pushing the sensing range of respiration monitoring
242(5)
11.5 Robust multi-person respiration monitoring
247(6)
11.5.1 Modeling of CSI-based multi-person respiration sensing
247(3)
11.5.2 The advantages of our approach
250(1)
11.5.3 Evaluation
251(2)
11.6 Summary
253(1)
Acknowledgments
254(1)
References
254(3)
12 RFID-based vital signs monitoring
Yuanqing Zheng
Yanwen Wang
12.1 Introduction
257(2)
12.2 Background
259(3)
12.2.1 Literature review
259(2)
12.2.2 RFID physical-layer measurement
261(1)
12.3 Respiration monitoring using RFID systems
262(9)
12.3.1 System overview
262(1)
12.3.2 Low-level data characterization
263(3)
12.3.3 Breath signal extraction
266(1)
12.3.4 Enhance monitoring with sensor fusion of multiple tags
267(2)
12.3.5 Discussion
269(2)
12.4 Implementation and evaluation
271(5)
12.4.1 Implementation
271(1)
12.4.2 Experiment setting
272(1)
12.4.3 Experiment results
272(4)
12.5 Conclusion
276(1)
References
277(4)
13 Acoustic-based vital signs monitoring
Xuyu Wang
Shiwen Mao
13.1 Introduction
281(2)
13.2 Related work
283(2)
13.3 Sonar phase analysis
285(1)
13.4 The SonarBeat system
286(8)
13.4.1 SonarBeat system architecture
286(2)
13.4.2 Signal generation
288(1)
13.4.3 Data extraction
288(1)
13.4.4 Received signal preprocessing
289(4)
13.4.5 Breathing-rate estimation
293(1)
13.5 Experimental study
294(5)
13.5.1 Implementation and test configuration
294(1)
13.5.2 Performance of breathing-rate estimation
295(2)
13.5.3 Impact of various test factors
297(2)
13.6 Conclusions
299(1)
Acknowledgment
299(1)
References
299(4)
14 RF and camera-based vital signs monitoring applications
Li Zhang
Changhong Fu
Changzhi Li
Hong Hong
14.1 The pros and cons of RF and camera sensors
303(6)
14.1.1 RF sensor
303(1)
14.1.2 Video sensors
304(1)
14.1.3 Complementarity of radar and camera
305(4)
14.2 A hybrid radar-camera sensing system with phase compensation for random-body movement cancellation (RBMC) Doppler vitals sign detection
309(8)
14.2.1 Theory
310(1)
14.2.2 Three-phase compensation strategies for RBMC
310(2)
14.2.3 Camera-based body-movement detection method
312(4)
14.2.4 Results
316(1)
14.3 Non-contact dual-modality emotion recognition system by CW radar and RGB camera
317(8)
14.3.1 Introduction
317(2)
14.3.2 Physiological signal-optimization algorithms based on radar and video sensors
319(1)
14.3.3 Multi-sensor data fusion
320(3)
14.3.4 Features extraction
323(2)
References
325(2)
Index 327
The Center for Chemical Process Safety (CCPS) has been the world leader in developing and disseminating information on process safety management and technology since 1985. The CCPS, an industry technology alliance of the American Institute of Chemical Engineers (AIChE), has published over 100 books in its process safety guidelines and process safety concepts series, and over 10 training modules through its Safety in Chemical Engineering Education (SAChE) series. CCPS is supported by the contributions and voluntary participation of more than 200 companies globally.