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xi | |
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Table of Treaties and Legislation |
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xiii | |
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Table of United Nations Documents |
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xv | |
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xvii | |
Introduction |
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1 | (12) |
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1 | (2) |
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3 | (3) |
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Method, Theoretical Background, and Aims |
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6 | (2) |
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Structure of the Argument |
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8 | (5) |
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1 Extraterritoriality as a Matter of Interpretation |
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13 | (28) |
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1.1 Territory and Interpretation in the VCLT |
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14 | (4) |
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1.2 Interpreting Human Rights Treaties |
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18 | (8) |
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1.2.1 The Missing Jurisdiction Clause in the ICESCR |
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18 | (2) |
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1.2.2 The Sense of Silence |
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20 | (4) |
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1.2.3 The Optional Protocol |
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24 | (2) |
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1.3 The Problem of Implied Values: Human Rights and Global Justice in the ICESCR |
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26 | (9) |
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1.3.1 The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights |
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26 | (6) |
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1.3.2 The Maastricht Principles on Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights |
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32 | (3) |
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1.4 How to Give Meaning When Rules on Interpretation Are Not Sufficient |
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35 | (3) |
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1.5 Conclusion: Extraterritoriality as a Matter of Principle |
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38 | (3) |
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2 The Values of International Human Rights Law |
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41 | (33) |
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2.1 Human Rights Obligations and `Can Implies Ought' |
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41 | (5) |
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2.2 Explaining (Human) Rights |
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46 | (9) |
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2.2.1 Human Rights as Claim Rights |
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46 | (4) |
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2.2.2 Interests and Duties |
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50 | (5) |
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2.3 Justifying Human Rights: An Interpretivist Alternative |
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55 | (6) |
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2.4 Human Rights in the Context of International Human Rights Law |
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61 | (11) |
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2.4.1 Integrity: Legitimacy in International Human Rights Law |
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61 | (3) |
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2.4.2 Equality: Human Rights as Standards of Treatment |
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64 | (5) |
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2.4.3 Interpretivism, Socioeconomic Rights, and Distributive Justice |
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69 | (3) |
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2.5 Conclusion: Jurisdiction Beyond Treaty Wording |
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72 | (2) |
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3 Jurisdiction and Justification |
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74 | (28) |
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3.1 Taking a Step Back: Why We Need a Theory of Human Rights to Explain Jurisdiction |
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75 | (5) |
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3.1.1 Notions of Jurisdiction in Practice: Some Examples |
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76 | (1) |
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3.1.2 Disagreement About Jurisdiction |
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77 | (3) |
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3.2 Desiderata for an Account of Jurisdiction |
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80 | (2) |
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3.3 The `Factual Power' View |
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82 | (7) |
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82 | (2) |
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84 | (5) |
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3.4 The `De Facto Authority' View |
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89 | (5) |
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89 | (1) |
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90 | (4) |
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3.5 The `Functional Universalism' View |
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94 | (6) |
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94 | (3) |
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97 | (3) |
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3.6 Conclusion: The Place of Jurisdiction in an Account of Human Rights |
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100 | (2) |
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4 A Concept of Power as the Basis of Jurisdiction |
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102 | (28) |
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4.1 Why a Concept of Power? |
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102 | (1) |
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4.2 Power as a Disposition, Power-To, and Power-Over |
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103 | (3) |
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106 | (11) |
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106 | (1) |
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4.3.2 Advantages of Distinguishing Power and Influence |
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107 | (2) |
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4.3.3 The Conflation and Its Consequences: Examples |
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109 | (1) |
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4.3.3.1 Human Rights, Poverty, and Global Justice |
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109 | (4) |
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4.3.3.2 Jurisdiction and State Responsibility |
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113 | (3) |
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4.3.4 Potential Objections to the Importance of the Distinction |
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116 | (1) |
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117 | (5) |
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4.4.1 Potential Conflations: Enforcement Jurisdiction and Armed Conflict |
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117 | (2) |
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4.4.2 Power and Its Exercise in the EQHR's `Checkpoint Cases' |
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119 | (2) |
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4.4.3 Power and Properties: The Vehicle-Fallacy |
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121 | (1) |
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122 | (6) |
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4.5.1 The Conflation of Power and Control |
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122 | (4) |
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4.5.2 Ability and Ableness: The Role of Opportunity and Resources |
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126 | (2) |
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128 | (2) |
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5 Jurisdiction as Political Power |
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130 | (29) |
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5.1 Jurisdiction Between Facts and Principles |
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130 | (3) |
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5.1.1 Jurisdiction as a Set of Facts |
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130 | (1) |
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5.1.2 Principles Underpinning Jurisdiction |
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131 | (2) |
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5.2 Political Power and Public Institutions |
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133 | (9) |
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5.2.1 Political Power: A Definition |
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134 | (1) |
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5.2.2 Integrity, Equality, and the Allocation of Obligations |
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135 | (2) |
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5.2.3 Distinguishing Institutions and Individuals |
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137 | (5) |
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5.3 Is a Ship an Area? Or: Power over Human Activities and Through the Application of Rules as a Means to Guarantee Equality |
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142 | (7) |
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5.3.1 The Problem: Dichotomies in Jurisdictional Models |
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143 | (2) |
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5.3.2 Power over Human Activities |
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145 | (1) |
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5.3.3 Choice and Application of Rules, and a Note on Belligerent Occupation |
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146 | (3) |
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5.4 Political Power and Coercion: The Importance of Potential |
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149 | (2) |
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151 | (6) |
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5.5.1 Non-State Actors, Authority, and Consent - |
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152 | (2) |
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5.5.2 Implications of the Value of Equality |
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154 | (2) |
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5.5.3 Non-State Actors and the Nature of Human Rights: Potential Disagreements |
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156 | (1) |
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5.6 Conclusion: Meeting the Desiderata |
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157 | (2) |
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6 Title to Territory and Jurisdiction: Three and a Half Models |
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159 | (23) |
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6.1 Jurisdiction and Territory in International Law |
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161 | (6) |
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6.1.1 Jurisdiction and International Human Rights Law |
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162 | (2) |
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6.1.2 Title to Territory in Public International Law |
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164 | (3) |
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6.2 Three and a Half Models |
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167 | (1) |
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167 | (1) |
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6.2.2 Method of Evaluation |
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168 | (1) |
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6.3 The Approximation Model |
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168 | (3) |
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6.4 The Differentiation Model |
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171 | (3) |
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174 | (2) |
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6.6 Half a Model: Title to Territory as a Rebuttable Presumption of Jurisdiction |
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176 | (4) |
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180 | (2) |
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7 Connecting the Dots: Case Studies |
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182 | (28) |
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182 | (1) |
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7.2 Choice of Case Studies and Structure of Discussion |
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183 | (2) |
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7.3 Bilateral Cooperation in Higher Education |
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185 | (8) |
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185 | (1) |
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7.3.2 Human Rights Provisions |
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186 | (2) |
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7.3.3 Previous Analysis of ETO's |
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188 | (2) |
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7.3.4 Analysis Based on Jurisdiction as Political Power |
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190 | (3) |
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7.4 Special Economic Zones |
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193 | (9) |
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193 | (3) |
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7.4.2 Human Rights Provisions |
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196 | (1) |
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197 | (3) |
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7.4.4 Analysis Based on Jurisdiction as Political Power |
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200 | (2) |
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7.5 Export Subsidies for Agricultural Goods |
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202 | (6) |
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202 | (1) |
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7.5.2 Human Rights Provisions |
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203 | (1) |
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204 | (3) |
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7.5.4 Analysis Based on Jurisdiction as Political Power |
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207 | (1) |
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208 | (2) |
Conclusion |
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210 | (1) |
Puzzles Revisited |
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210 | (1) |
The Argument |
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210 | (3) |
Puzzles Solved? |
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213 | (1) |
Beyond Human Rights |
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214 | (3) |
Bibliography |
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217 | (12) |
Index |
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229 | |