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E-grāmata: Human Rights Unbound: A Theory of Extraterritoriality

(Lecturer in Public Law, University of Glasgow)
  • Formāts: 270 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 03-May-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192608505
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  • Formāts: 270 pages
  • Izdošanas datums: 03-May-2020
  • Izdevniecība: Oxford University Press
  • Valoda: eng
  • ISBN-13: 9780192608505

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This book explores to what extent a state owes human rights obligations to individuals outside of its territory, when the conduct of that state impacts upon the lives of those individuals. It draws upon legal and political philosophy to develop a theory of extraterritoriality based on the nature of human rights, merging accounts of economic, social, and cultural rights with those of civil and political rights

Lea Raible outlines four main arguments aimed at changing the way we think about the extraterritoriality of human rights. First, she argues that questions regarding extraterritoriality are really about justifying the allocation of human rights obligations to specific states. Second, the book shows that human rights as found in international human rights treaties are underpinned by the values of integrity and equality. Third, she shows that these same values justify the allocation of human rights obligations towards specific individuals to public institutions - including states - that hold political power over those individuals. And finally, the book demonstrates that title to territory is best captured by the value of stability, as opposed to integrity and equality. On this basis, Raible concludes that all standards in international human rights treaties that count as human rights require that a threshold of jurisdiction, understood as political power over individuals, is met. The book applies this theory of extraterritoriality to explain the obligations of states in a wide range of cases.
Table of Cases
xi
Table of Treaties and Legislation
xiii
Table of United Nations Documents
xv
List of Abbreviations
xvii
Introduction 1(12)
Why ExtraterritoriaUty?
1(2)
Two Puzzles
3(3)
Method, Theoretical Background, and Aims
6(2)
Structure of the Argument
8(5)
1 Extraterritoriality as a Matter of Interpretation
13(28)
1.1 Territory and Interpretation in the VCLT
14(4)
1.2 Interpreting Human Rights Treaties
18(8)
1.2.1 The Missing Jurisdiction Clause in the ICESCR
18(2)
1.2.2 The Sense of Silence
20(4)
1.2.3 The Optional Protocol
24(2)
1.3 The Problem of Implied Values: Human Rights and Global Justice in the ICESCR
26(9)
1.3.1 The Committee on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
26(6)
1.3.2 The Maastricht Principles on Extraterritorial Obligations of States in the Area of Economic, Social and Cultural Rights
32(3)
1.4 How to Give Meaning When Rules on Interpretation Are Not Sufficient
35(3)
1.5 Conclusion: Extraterritoriality as a Matter of Principle
38(3)
2 The Values of International Human Rights Law
41(33)
2.1 Human Rights Obligations and `Can Implies Ought'
41(5)
2.2 Explaining (Human) Rights
46(9)
2.2.1 Human Rights as Claim Rights
46(4)
2.2.2 Interests and Duties
50(5)
2.3 Justifying Human Rights: An Interpretivist Alternative
55(6)
2.4 Human Rights in the Context of International Human Rights Law
61(11)
2.4.1 Integrity: Legitimacy in International Human Rights Law
61(3)
2.4.2 Equality: Human Rights as Standards of Treatment
64(5)
2.4.3 Interpretivism, Socioeconomic Rights, and Distributive Justice
69(3)
2.5 Conclusion: Jurisdiction Beyond Treaty Wording
72(2)
3 Jurisdiction and Justification
74(28)
3.1 Taking a Step Back: Why We Need a Theory of Human Rights to Explain Jurisdiction
75(5)
3.1.1 Notions of Jurisdiction in Practice: Some Examples
76(1)
3.1.2 Disagreement About Jurisdiction
77(3)
3.2 Desiderata for an Account of Jurisdiction
80(2)
3.3 The `Factual Power' View
82(7)
3.3.1 The View
82(2)
3.3.2 Objections
84(5)
3.4 The `De Facto Authority' View
89(5)
3.4.1 The View
89(1)
3.4.2 Objections
90(4)
3.5 The `Functional Universalism' View
94(6)
3.5.1 The View
94(3)
3.5.2 Objections
97(3)
3.6 Conclusion: The Place of Jurisdiction in an Account of Human Rights
100(2)
4 A Concept of Power as the Basis of Jurisdiction
102(28)
4.1 Why a Concept of Power?
102(1)
4.2 Power as a Disposition, Power-To, and Power-Over
103(3)
4.3 Influence
106(11)
4.3.1 Definition
106(1)
4.3.2 Advantages of Distinguishing Power and Influence
107(2)
4.3.3 The Conflation and Its Consequences: Examples
109(1)
4.3.3.1 Human Rights, Poverty, and Global Justice
109(4)
4.3.3.2 Jurisdiction and State Responsibility
113(3)
4.3.4 Potential Objections to the Importance of the Distinction
116(1)
4.4 (Use of) Force
117(5)
4.4.1 Potential Conflations: Enforcement Jurisdiction and Armed Conflict
117(2)
4.4.2 Power and Its Exercise in the EQHR's `Checkpoint Cases'
119(2)
4.4.3 Power and Properties: The Vehicle-Fallacy
121(1)
4.5 Control
122(6)
4.5.1 The Conflation of Power and Control
122(4)
4.5.2 Ability and Ableness: The Role of Opportunity and Resources
126(2)
4.6 Conclusion
128(2)
5 Jurisdiction as Political Power
130(29)
5.1 Jurisdiction Between Facts and Principles
130(3)
5.1.1 Jurisdiction as a Set of Facts
130(1)
5.1.2 Principles Underpinning Jurisdiction
131(2)
5.2 Political Power and Public Institutions
133(9)
5.2.1 Political Power: A Definition
134(1)
5.2.2 Integrity, Equality, and the Allocation of Obligations
135(2)
5.2.3 Distinguishing Institutions and Individuals
137(5)
5.3 Is a Ship an Area? Or: Power over Human Activities and Through the Application of Rules as a Means to Guarantee Equality
142(7)
5.3.1 The Problem: Dichotomies in Jurisdictional Models
143(2)
5.3.2 Power over Human Activities
145(1)
5.3.3 Choice and Application of Rules, and a Note on Belligerent Occupation
146(3)
5.4 Political Power and Coercion: The Importance of Potential
149(2)
5.5 Non-State Actors
151(6)
5.5.1 Non-State Actors, Authority, and Consent -
152(2)
5.5.2 Implications of the Value of Equality
154(2)
5.5.3 Non-State Actors and the Nature of Human Rights: Potential Disagreements
156(1)
5.6 Conclusion: Meeting the Desiderata
157(2)
6 Title to Territory and Jurisdiction: Three and a Half Models
159(23)
6.1 Jurisdiction and Territory in International Law
161(6)
6.1.1 Jurisdiction and International Human Rights Law
162(2)
6.1.2 Title to Territory in Public International Law
164(3)
6.2 Three and a Half Models
167(1)
6.2.1 Models
167(1)
6.2.2 Method of Evaluation
168(1)
6.3 The Approximation Model
168(3)
6.4 The Differentiation Model
171(3)
6.5 The Separation Model
174(2)
6.6 Half a Model: Title to Territory as a Rebuttable Presumption of Jurisdiction
176(4)
6.7 Conclusion
180(2)
7 Connecting the Dots: Case Studies
182(28)
7.1 Introduction
182(1)
7.2 Choice of Case Studies and Structure of Discussion
183(2)
7.3 Bilateral Cooperation in Higher Education
185(8)
7.3.1 Factual Background
185(1)
7.3.2 Human Rights Provisions
186(2)
7.3.3 Previous Analysis of ETO's
188(2)
7.3.4 Analysis Based on Jurisdiction as Political Power
190(3)
7.4 Special Economic Zones
193(9)
7.4.1 Factual Background
193(3)
7.4.2 Human Rights Provisions
196(1)
7.4.3 Previous Analysis
197(3)
7.4.4 Analysis Based on Jurisdiction as Political Power
200(2)
7.5 Export Subsidies for Agricultural Goods
202(6)
7.5.1 Factual Background
202(1)
7.5.2 Human Rights Provisions
203(1)
7.5.3 Previous Analysis
204(3)
7.5.4 Analysis Based on Jurisdiction as Political Power
207(1)
7.6 Conclusion
208(2)
Conclusion 210(1)
Puzzles Revisited 210(1)
The Argument 210(3)
Puzzles Solved? 213(1)
Beyond Human Rights 214(3)
Bibliography 217(12)
Index 229
Lea Raible is a Lecturer in Public Law at the University of Glasgow. She has previously held academic positions at Maastricht University, the University of Edinburgh, and University College London.