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E-grāmata: Hybrid Identities and Adolescent Girls: Being 'Half' in Japan

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This is the first in-depth examination of half-Japanese girls in Japan focusing on ethnic, gendered and embodied hybrid identities. Challenging the myth of Japan as a single-race society, these girls are seen struggling to positively manoeuvre themselves and negotiate their identities into positions of contestation and control over marginalizing discourses which disempower them as others within Japanese society as they begin to mature. Paradoxically, at other times, within more empowering alternative discourses of ethnicity, they also enjoy and celebrate cultural, symbolic, social and linguistic capital which they discursively create for themselves as they come to terms with their constructed identities of Japaneseness, whiteness and halfness/doubleness. This book has a colourful storyline throughout - narrated in the girls own voices - that follows them out of childhood and into the rapid physical and emotional growth years of early adolescence.

Recenzijas

This timely, fascinating and academically rigorous book provides a rich contribution to the study of shifting identity, gender and ethnicity and how a linguistic approach can shed light on these. Having lived half of her own life in Japan, and as the parent of a 'multi-ethnic' child, Laurel Kamada writes from a position of strength and understanding. Her study is a qualitative, longitudinal one, drawing on a variety of analytical frameworks. The data shows us the lived experiences of these 'multi-ethnic' girls, from their tribulations to their celebrations of self. Importantly, Kamada never underestimates the fine-grained complexity of her topic. -- Jane Sunderland, Department of Linguistics and English Language, Lancaster University, UK Mixed-race identities in Japan pose a host of intriguing questions that need to be demystified. Hybrid Identities and Adolescent Girls presents a groundbreaking study that addresses intersections of race, gender, class, and language among teen girls of Caucasian and Japanese heritage. Kamadas fascinating analysis enables the readers to understand how doubleness not only constitutes their Japanese/White identities but also signifies dual meanings of bullied/envied, grotesque/cool, and othered/privileged. This unique study provides the field with innovative knowledge. -- Ryoko Kubota, University of British Columbia, Canada This is a ground-breaking study in that it is the first attempt ever to investigate hybrid identity construction among half-Japanese girls in Japan. It also offers a timely and valuable contribution to the field of discourse and identity by identifying a largely under-researched area. Overall, Kamadas book is a solid, well-written and insightful text, and the study is well grounded in careful and rigorous data analysis as well as detailed descriptions of the authors observations. Despite the complex ideas the book contains, it is written in a clear and highly accessible style. I would strongly recommend the book to scholars who are interested in or engaged in research on language and identity, language and gender, discourse analysis, and bilingualism and multilingualism.  -- Isamar Coromoto Carrillo Masso, National Institute for Excellence in the Creative Industries, Bangor University, UK * Discourse Studies 13(2) 263-274, 2011 * This review has highlighted only a few key aspects of this intriguing study. Those with an interest in identity, gender and ethnicity, and interdisciplinary discourse analysis will undoubtedly find that this book is well written, thought provoking and extremely insightful. -- Justin Charlebois, Department of Global Culture and Communication, Aichi Shukutoku University * Feminism and Psychology 20(4) 538-567 2011 * As a pioneering text examining the construction of multi-ethnic identities in Japan, Hybrid Identities and Adolescent Girls is an excellent academic work, theoretically and methodologically sound. -- John Nevara, Kobe Gakuin University * JALT Journal 33.1, May 2011 *

List of Tables and Figures
ix
Transcription Conventions xi
Acknowledgments xiii
Preface xv
Constructing Hybrid Identity in Japan
1(15)
Importance and Timeliness of the Study of Hybrid Identity in Japan
1(3)
An Emerging Hybrid Identity in Japan
4(4)
Participants and the Research Site of Japan
8(3)
Central Questions
11(2)
Structure of this Book
13(1)
Summary
14(2)
Examining Discourage of `Otherness' in Japan within a Multiperspective Discourse Analysis Approach
16(40)
Introduction: Ethnicity, Ethnicism and Racialization
16(1)
From Structuralism to Poststructuralism
17(1)
A Multiperspective Approach
18(2)
Commonalities of FPDA and DP
20(5)
Discourses and Repertoires of Ethnicity in Japan
25(2)
A `Discourse of Homogeneity'
27(3)
A `Discourse of Conformity' and Enactment of Japaneseness
30(2)
A `Discourse of Gaijin Otherness'
32(4)
The `Momotarou Paradigm': The Oni (Beast) as Foreign `Other'
36(1)
A `Discourse of Interculturalism'
37(2)
`Doing Gender', `Doing Difference' and Ethno-Gendering
39(6)
The Social Construction of Gaijin in Japan Today
45(8)
Summary
53(3)
The Participants and the Data Collection
56(25)
Introduction
56(1)
Research Plan
56(1)
The English-Speaking Foreign Community in Morita, Japan
57(3)
The Six Participants: Families and Schools
60(5)
Data Collection: Recorded Sessions
65(3)
Translation, Categorization and Analysis of the Data
68(2)
The Six Meetings
70(4)
The Unevenness of the Data Collected and Selected
74(1)
Other Collected Data
75(1)
Research Ethics: Adolescents, their Parents and Privacy
76(2)
Reflexivity: The Analyst Appearing in the Data
78(2)
Summary
80(1)
Negotiating Identities
81(39)
Introduction: Negotiating `Othered' Identities
81(1)
Isolation, Bullying and Being Left Out
82(10)
Constructing and Deconstructing Othering and otherness
92(9)
Hamideru: Avoiding Being `The Nail that Sticks Out'
101(9)
Negotiating Identities and Change over Time
110(7)
Summary
117(3)
Claiming Good Difference; Rejecting Bad Difference
120(27)
Introduction: Good Difference; Bad Difference
120(1)
Deconstructing `Othering' and Privileging Self
121(5)
There is No Difference
126(4)
Constituting Difference and Privileging Self
130(4)
Categorizing Ethnic Selves: Multimemberships
134(8)
Differences between the Girls: Unevenness of the Data
142(2)
Changes over Time
144(1)
Summary
145(2)
Celebration of Cultural, Symbolic, Linguistic and Social Capital
147(34)
Introduction
147(2)
Discursive Constrution of Cultural, Symbolic, Linguistic and Social Capital
149(2)
Linguistic Capital of Bilingualism
151(7)
Capital Resources of English Language Literacy and Possession of English Books
158(4)
Mixed-Ethnic Girl Friendships
162(4)
Intercultural Savvy
166(3)
Access to Choice and Job Opportunity
169(4)
Femininity and Feminism Capital
173(6)
Summary
179(2)
Discursive `Embodied' Identities of Ethnicity and Gender
181(32)
Introduction: Intersection of Gender and Ethnicity
181(1)
The Dilemma of Ethnically Embodied Adolescent Girls
182(3)
Contesting Ethnic Emboidment as Inferior or `Othered'
185(1)
Celebrating Ethnic Emboidment as Privileged Cultural Capital
185(9)
Yearning to be Embodied Like Another: The Idealized Other
194(6)
Adolescent Girls' Changing Bodies: Performing Embodiment and `Fun' Femininity
200(10)
Summary
210(3)
Discursive Construction of Hybrid Identity in Japan: Where has it Taken Us?
213(16)
Introduction
213(1)
Limitations and Reflexivity
213(2)
Where this Study has Taken Us
215(10)
Other Hybrid Ethnicities in Japan: Extending the Research Scope
225(1)
Implications for Future Research
225(3)
Final Words
228(1)
Appendix 1: Transcript of Rina's Think Aloud Protocol (Uncorrected) 229(1)
Appendix 2: Descriptions of Materials Used for Discussion 230(2)
Appendix 3: Self-Portraits (in Alphabetical Order) 232(6)
Glossary of Japanese Words 238(4)
References 242(11)
Index 253
Laurel D. Kamada is a Lecturer Professor at Tohoku University in Japan. She has published in such areas as: bilingualism and multiculturalism in Japan; gender and ethnic studies; marginalised (hybrid and gendered) identities in Japan; and discourses of ethnic embodiment and masculinity. Her other interests include theoretical and methodological discourse analytic approaches to the examination of identity. She serves on the editorial board of the Japan Journal of Multilingualism and Multiculturalism and is on the Advisory Council of the International Gender and Language Association.