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E-grāmata: Hybrid-Renewable Energy Systems in Microgrids: Integration, Developments and Control

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Edited by , Edited by , Edited by (Senior Assistant Professor,
Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering,
Madanapalle Institute of Technology & Science
Angallu, Madanapalle - 5), Edited by , Edited by (Lead Engineer,
HCL Technologies Ltd., Chennai,
Tamil Nadu, India.), Edited by
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Hybrid-Renewable Energy Systems in Microgrids: Integration, Developments and ControlPalielināt
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Hybrid-Renewable Energy Systems in Microgrids: Integration, Developments and Control presents the most up-to-date research and developments on hybrid-renewable energy systems (HRES) in a single, comprehensive resource. With an enriched collection of topics pertaining to the control and management of hybrid renewable systems, this book presents recent innovations that are molding the future of power systems and their developing infrastructure. Topics of note include distinct integration solutions and control techniques being implemented into HRES that are illustrated through the analysis of various global case studies.

With a focus on devices and methods to integrate different renewables, this book provides those researching and working in renewable energy solutions and power electronics with a firm understanding of the technologies available, converter and multi-level inverter considerations, and control and operation strategies.

  • Includes significant case studies of control techniques and integration solutions which provide a deeper level of understanding and knowledge
  • Combines existing research into a single informative resource on micro grids with HRES integration and control
  • Includes architectural considerations and various control strategies for the operation of hybrid systems
List of Contributors
xi
1 Hybrid PV-Wind Renewable Energy Sources for Microgrid Application: an Overview
1(22)
Ujjwal Datta
Akhtar Kalam
Juan Shi
1 Introduction
1(2)
2 Hybrid Renewable Energy System and Its Benefit
3(1)
3 Hybrid Renewable Energy System Configuration
4(2)
4 Optimization of Hybrid System
6(5)
4.1 Optimization Objectives
7(1)
4.2 Optimization Practices in HRES
8(3)
5 Energy Storage System in MG
11(3)
6 Stability Concerns in a HRES MG System
14(1)
7 Simulation
15(4)
7.1 Load Generator With PV Only
16(1)
7.2 Load Generator With Wind Only
16(3)
7.3 Load Generator With PV-Wind
19(1)
7.4 Comparison of Voltages With Different Combinations of PV/Wind
19(1)
8 Conclusion
19(4)
References
20(3)
2 Microgrid Architecture, Control, and Operation
23(16)
Mekhilef Saad Bin Arif
M. Asif Hasan
1 Introduction
23(1)
2 Microgrid Architecture
24(1)
3 Mathematical Analysis of Microgrid Structure
24(6)
3.1 AC Microgrid
26(2)
3.2 DC Microgrid
28(1)
3.3 AC-DC Hybrid Microgrid
29(1)
4 Microgrid Control and Operation
30(1)
4.1 Hierarchical Control of Microgrid
30(1)
5 Mathematical Model of Hierarchical Control
31(3)
5.1 Droop-Based Control of Microgrid
32(2)
6 Simulation Study
34(2)
7 Conclusion
36(3)
References
36(3)
3 Integrated Renewable Energy Sources With Droop Control Techniques-Based Microgrid Operation
39(22)
Wilson Jasmine Praiselin
J. Belwin Edward
1 Introduction
39(2)
2 Framework of Microgrid Technology
41(1)
2.1 Physical Equipment
41(1)
2.2 Protection and Control
41(1)
2.3 Automation and Control
42(1)
2.4 Monitoring, Scheduling, Optimization, and Dispatch
42(1)
2.5 Energy Market and Coordinating the Response of Smart Grid I Operation
42(1)
3 DC Microgrid and AC Microgrid
42(3)
3.1 DC Microgrid
42(1)
3.2 AC Microgrid
43(2)
4 Proposed Structure of Grid Connected Microgrid System
45(1)
5 Characteristics and Modeling of Renewable Energy Sources
46(3)
5.1 Solar PV
46(1)
5.2 Battery Modeling
47(2)
6 Concept of Droop Control
49(2)
6.1 Droop Control Techniques in Microgrid
50(1)
7 Case Study of Solar PV and BESS With P/Q and V/f Droop Control
51(6)
7.1 Results and Discussion
54(3)
8 Conclusion
57(4)
References
58(3)
4 Multilevel Inverters: an Enabling Technology
61(20)
Jayabal Gayathrimonicka Subarnan
1 Introduction
61(2)
2 Multilevel Inverter Topologies
63(6)
2.1 Diode-Clamped Inverter
63(2)
2.2 Capacitor-Clamped Inverter
65(1)
2.3 Cascaded H Bridge Inverters
66(2)
2.4 Comparison of Different Multilevel Inverters
68(1)
3 Matlab/Simulink Modeling and Simulation of Multilevel Inverters
69(1)
3.1 Single Phase Three Level CMLI
69(1)
4 Applications of Multilevel Inverters
69(10)
4.1 Energy and Power Systems
70(2)
4.2 Production
72(1)
4.3 Transportation
73(4)
4.4 Utilization in Grid Connected Systems
77(2)
5 Conclusion
79(2)
References
79(2)
5 Multilevel Inverters for Photovoltaic Energy Systems in Hybrid-Renewable Energy Systems
81(16)
Ehsan Najafi
Natarajan Prabaharan
1 Multilevel Inverter Topology
81(7)
1.1 Switching Sequences
84(3)
1.2 Number of Components
87(1)
2 Evolution of Hybrid Multilevel Inverters
88(4)
3 Leakage Current in Photo Voltaic Inverters
92(5)
References
96(1)
6 An Overview of Control Techniques and Technical Challenge for Inverters in Micro Grid
97(12)
Natarajan Prabaharan
Amalorpavaraj Rini Ann Jerin
Ehsan Najafi
Kaliannan Palanisamy
1 Introduction
97(1)
2 Grid Inverter Synchronization
98(3)
2.1 Highlights of PLL Techniques
99(2)
3 Controllers Based on Inverter in Microgrids
101(3)
3.1 Centralized Method
103(1)
3.2 Decentralized Method
103(1)
3.3 Hierarchical Control
103(1)
4 Dynamic Security of Microgrids
104(1)
4.1 Challenges in Microgrid
104(1)
5 Conclusion
105(4)
References
105(4)
7 Study of Control Strategies of Power Electronics During Faults in Microgrids
109(38)
Jundi Jia
Guangya Yang
Arne Hejde Nielsen
Peter Rønne-Hansen
1 Introduction
109(1)
2 Instantaneous Power Theory
110(3)
3 Grid-Connected Mode
113(18)
3.1 Flexible Oscillating Power Control
115(3)
3.2 Flexible Positive-and Negative-Sequence Power Control
118(3)
3.3 Inner Current Controller
121(5)
3.4 Converter Current Limitation
126(5)
4 Islanded Mode
131(5)
4.1 Basic Control Structure
132(3)
4.2 Negative-Sequence Component Control
135(1)
5 Simulation Results
136(11)
5.1 System Description
136(1)
5.2 Steady State
137(2)
5.3 Performance Under Unbalanced Faults
139(2)
5.4 Discussion on Microgrid Protection
141(4)
References
145(2)
8 Renewable Systems and Energy Storages for Hybrid Systems
147(18)
Amjed Hina Fathima
Kaliannan Palanisamy
1 Introduction
147(1)
2 Energy Storage Systems
148(1)
3 Need for ESS
148(2)
4 Characteristic Features of ESS
150(1)
5 Types of ESS
151(4)
6 Impact of Market Infrastructure on Energy Storage Systems
155(3)
6.1 Utility Scale
157(1)
6.2 Behind the Meter
157(1)
6.3 Remote Power Systems
158(1)
7 Case Studies
158(4)
8 Technological Challenges for ESS
162(1)
9 Conclusion
163(2)
References
163(2)
9 Sensitivity and Transient Stability Analysis of Fixed Speed Wind Generator With Series Dynamic Braking Resistor
165(30)
Mohammad Hasanuzzaman Shawon
Ahmed Al-Durra
S.M. Muyeen
1 Introduction
165(1)
2 Modeling of the System
166(24)
2.1 Wind Turbine Modeling
167(1)
2.2 Drive Train Modeling
167(5)
2.3 Small Signal Stability Analysis
172(2)
2.4 Sensitivity Analysis
174(10)
2.5 Transient Stability Analysis
184(6)
3 Conclusion
190(1)
4 Appendix
191(4)
References
193(2)
10 Smart Grid and Power Quality Issues
195(8)
Amalorpavaraj Rini Ann Jerin
Natarajan Prabaharan
Nallapaneni Manoj Kumar
Kaliannan Palanisamy
Subramaniam Umashankar
Pierluigi Siano
1 Introduction
195(1)
2 Microgrids in a Smart Grid
196(2)
2.1 Power Quality Concerns in AC Microgrids
196(1)
2.2 Power Quality Concerns in DC Microgrids
197(1)
3 Potential Impact on Power Quality
198(2)
3.1 Slow and Rapid Voltage Variations
198(1)
3.2 Short Duration Under Voltages
199(1)
3.3 Harmonic Distortions
199(1)
3.4 Switching Transients
199(1)
3.5 Power Quality Concerns Related to Demand Side Management
199(1)
4 New Power Quality Indices
200(1)
5 Conclusion
200(3)
References
200(3)
11 Techno Economic Feasibility Analysis of Different Combination of PV-Wind-Diesel-Battery Hybrid System
203(16)
Amit Kumar Yadav
Hasmat Malik
Mekhilef Saad Bin Arif
1 Introduction
203(1)
2 Methodology
204(8)
2.1 Hybrid Optimization Model for Electric Renewable Pro
204(7)
2.2 Selected Cities for Modelling
211(1)
2.3 Telecom Load
211(1)
2.4 Solar Radiation and Wind Speed
212(1)
3 Results and Discussions
212(4)
4 Conclusion
216(3)
References
216(3)
12 Solar-Wind Hybrid Renewable Energy System: Current Status of Research on Configurations, Control, and Sizing Methodologies
219(30)
Piyali Ganguly
Akhtar Kalam
Aladin Zayegh
1 Introduction
219(5)
1.1 Grid Connected Systems
219(1)
1.2 Standalone Systems
220(1)
1.3 Hybrid Renewable Energy Systems
221(3)
2 Feasibility Study
224(3)
2.1 Time-Series Meteorological Data
224(1)
2.2 Statistical Meteorological Data
225(2)
3 Simulation Modelling of HRES Components
227(4)
3.1 Modelling of Photovoltaic System
227(1)
3.2 Modelling the Wind Energy System
228(2)
3.3 Modelling of Battery Storage System
230(1)
4 Optimization Techniques for Hybrid Solar-Wind System
231(9)
4.1 Criteria for Hybrid Solar-Wind System Optimization
231(2)
4.2 Optimum Sizing Methods for Hybrid Solar-Wind System
233(7)
5 Control of HRES
240(1)
6 Conclusion
241(8)
References
242(7)
Index 249
Hina Fathima received the B.Eng. degree in electrical engineering from Anna University, Chennai, India in 2006. She completed her M.E degree in 2011 and followed up with a Ph.D degree in Electrical Engineering from VIT University, Vellore, India in March, 2017. She also holds a post graduate diploma in HR management. She has academic and industry experience of more than 7 years. Her research interests include power system optimization, hybrid renewable energy systems, integration of energy storage with renewable power grids, energy management of distributed generators and smart grids. She has authored publications and book chapters. In 2015, she received the International travel grant from SERB under Young Scientist category. She is also a reviewer for many reputed Elsevier and IET journals. She is a student member of IEEE and is currently employed as a lead engineer with HCL Technologies Pvt. Ltd in Chennai, India. N. Prabaharan (M'13) received the B.E. degree in Electrical and Electronics Engineering from Anna University, Chennai, India in 2012. He received his M.E. degree in Power Electronics and Drives from Anna University, Chennai, India in 2014. He obtained University Merit Ranker Award in 2014. He received his Ph.D. degree in energy and power electronics from VIT University, Vellore, India in 2017. He received the two prestigious travel grant under the category of Young Scientist from the Science and Engineering Research Board (SERB) and Asian Development Bank in 2015 and 2016 respectively. He is currently a senior assistant professor in the department of electrical and electronics engineering at Madanapalle Institute of Technology and Science, India. He is also a reviewer for various reputed journals (IEEE, IET and Elsevier) and technical program committee member for many reputed International conferences. His research interest includes power electronics, new topologies for inverter and converters, grid integration of renewable energy sources and its controllers, microgrid. Palanisamy received the B.E. degree from Madras University, and the M.E degree in electrical engineering from Anna University. He completed the Ph.D. degree in 2013 from VIT University, and has been teaching in the area of power systems for over 15 years in the School of Electrical Engineering, VIT University. He has also been pursuing research in the field of FACTS devices, renewable systems and smart grids. He is currently the Head of Department of Energy and Power Electronics, School of Electrical Engineering, VIT University, and is also serving as editor and reviewers in various journals. He has more than 40 publications on renewable energy, smart grids, optimization, FACTS and MLIs. His major interests are Smart grids, renewable energy, MLIs, FACTS and custom power devices. Akhtar Kalam received the B.Sc. degree from Calcutta University in 1969 and the B.Sc. degree in engineering from Aligarh Muslim University in 1973. He received the M.S. degree from the University of Oklahoma and the Ph.D. degree from the University of Bath for his work on the application of distance protection to series-compensated extra high-voltage line. He has been actively engaged in the teaching of power systems for over 20 years, both in the School of Electrical Engineering, Victoria University of Technology, and overseas. He has conducted research, provided consultancy, and has more than 280 publications on power system protection and independent power generation. His major interests are power system analysis, power system protection, and expert system application in power system, cogeneration, and renewable energy. Saad Mekhilef received the B.Eng. degree in Electrical Engineering from the University of Setif in 1995, and the M.Eng.Sc. and Ph.D. Degrees in Electrical Engineering from the University of Malaya in 1998 and 2003, respectively. He is currently a Professor in the Department of Electrical Engineering at the University of Malaya and has been actively involved in industrial consultancy for major corporations in the power electronics projects. He is the author and co-author of more than 100 publications in international journals and proceedings. His research interest includes power conversion techniques, control of power converters, renewable energy, and energy efciency. Jackson John Justo received the B.S. degree in electrical engineering from University of Dar es Salaam and the Ph.D. degree in electronics and electrical engineering from Dongguk University. He is currently working as a Lecturer in the Department of Electrical Engineering, University of Dar es Salaam and since April 2016, he has been a Research Fellow with the Department of Electrical, Electronic and Computer Engineering at the University of Pretoria, South Africa. His current research interests include energy efficiency and management for smart city and transportation, power converter control for electric vehicles and drives, smart grid with renewable energy, energy storage systems, and simulation using real-time digital simulators and OPAL-RT units.
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