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E-grāmata: Idea of English in Japan: Ideology and the Evolution of a Global Language

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If ideas about language always reflect the ideas we have about ourselves as social beings, as argues Seargeant (applied linguistics, The Open U., UK), then "the idea of English as a global language is an idea also of a globalized world and the idea of the challenges this ushers in for contemporary society." He analyzes the way English is conceptualized in contemporary Japanese society in terms of discourse about the language and presentation of the language within the sociocultural environment. He seeks to identify the ideological frameworks involving English through understanding its symbolic meaning in Japan and how this meaning is expressed and negotiated in society. This discussion is also placed in context of debates over what actually constitutes a "global language" and the relationship between the universal and the historically contingent in understanding language use in the world. Distributed in the US by UTP Distribution. Annotation ©2009 Book News, Inc., Portland, OR (booknews.com)

Recenzijas

The idea of English in Japan is the first book-length treatment of globalization and ideology of English in Japan. Seargeant critically analyzes English both as a language to be communicated in and as a concept to be symbolized and reflected in non-linguistic practices in the society. The book is a must-read not only for scholars of English in Japan but also for anyone who is interested in theorizing English as a global language from linguistic and ideological perspectives. -- Aya Matsuda, Mary Lou Fulton Institute and Graduate School of Education, Arizona State University, USA This is a book that is highly relevant to the global study of applied linguistics. Seargeants review of the monocentric/polycentric debate is both clear and succinct and at the same time subtle and well-informed. This well-written book draws on a wide-ranging body of literature, which is always germane to the central argument and never a distraction. The Idea of English in Japan is a thoughtful and thought-provoking work that deserves space on the bookshelves of anyone interested in the concept of global English. * Alison Stewart, Gakushuin University, Japan, System (2010) * By recourse to rich, empirical examples, The Idea of English in Japan effectively engages with postmodern conceptions of global Englishes without succumbing to postmodenlism's more nihilistic excesses. Traditionalists in applied linguistics may chunter that Seargeant's methodologies are unclear; his data too limited for quantitative generalisation or even thick qualitative description; that the book is messy, cluttered, and does not offer anything approaching a linear nalTative or neat conclusion. But this is precisely the point. Seargeant's subject-a globalised language in particular local contexts-is all of these things: fractured, sprawling, circular, self-reflexive, versatile, thought-provoking. His book not only reflects these qualities of English as a global language, but actively embodies them as well. * Gareth Price, Duke University in Language Policy (2011) 10:265-267 *

List of Figures viii
Acknowledgements ix
Preface xi
1 Introduction 1
Language as a Concept
1
The Context of Japan
2
Structure and Approach
3
2 The Concept bf English as a Global Language 6
Flaws in the Foundational Argument
6
English and the Concept of a Universal Language
7
English Today
8
The Lingua Franca Approach
11
English as Axiom
14
English Versus Japanese
15
'See, listen, and eat English'
16
Conclusion
20
3 Language Ideology and Global English 22
Politics and the Emergence of the World Englishes Paradigm
22
Language Ideologies
25
The Concept of Ideology
27
Indexicality and Symbolic Meaning
29
The Historical Ontology of Language
32
Culture and the Context for Analysis
36
Methodology and the Objects of Analysis
38
4 English in Japan: The Current Shape of the Debate 43
The State and Status of English Language Teaching in Japan
43
Identifying the Issues
45
Creating an Historical Context
47
The Communicative Approach
50
Internationalism and the Ethnocentric Debate
53
Practice and Policy
56
Conclusion
61
5 Globalization: 'Enriching Japanese Culture Through Contact with Other Cultures' 63
Conceptual Case Studies
63
The Future as a Foreign Country
67
Dejima Mentality
69
The Theme Park of the World
70
Local Variations of Globalization
73
The Absorption of English: Loanwords
75
The Absorption of English: Ornamentalism
77
The Promulgation Function
78
Literary and Artistic Reconfigurations
81
Conclusion
85
6 Authenticity: 'More English than England Itself' 87
Alternative Visions of 'Realistic' Language Practice
87
What Is Authentic?
89
The Authentic Text and Authenticity of Interaction
91
ELT in Japan: The Commercial Sector
94
The McUniversity and Theme Park Education
99
The Simulation of Authenticity in English Language Practice
100
Conclusion
104
7 Aspiration: 'Enhancing Lifestyles and Living Out Dreams' 106
A Desire for English
106
Aspiration and Education
107
Motivation and Language Learning
109
'Audacious Life Goals'
110
Language, Travel and Social Mobility
114
Aspirational Orientations
120
Attitudes to English
123
Conclusion
130
8 The Unknown Language 132
An Imaginary Japan
132
English Encounters
134
Perceptual Disjuncture and Ideological 'Erasure'
138
Semiotic Hierarchies
141
The Disregarded Linguistic Residue
144
Dual-process Interpretation of English
146
Conclusion
152
9 Rival Ideologies in Applied Linguistics 154
An Ontology of English in Japan
154
Rival Authenticities
156
Evaluation as Interpretation
160
The Limitations of a Lingua Franca Usage Model
163
Conclusion
165
Notes 169
References 174
Philip Seargeant is Senior Lecturer in Applied Linguistics in the Centre for Language and Communication, The Open University. He is author of The Idea of English in Japan (Multilingual Matters, 2009) and Exploring World Englishes (Routledge), and editor of English in Japan in the Era of Globalization (Palgrave Macmillan, 2011) and English in the World: History, Diversity, Change (Routledge, 2012, with Joan Swann).
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